The African continent has a rich diversity of fish and amphibians in its inland water systems that serve as hosts for monogeneans of seven genera of the Gyrodactylidae van Beneden et Hesse, 1832. In August 2011, eight gyrodactylid parasites were collected from the gills of two specimens of bulldog, Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Peters), from Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Morphometric evaluation and sequencing of 18S rDNA confirmed that the specimens represented a species of a new viviparous genus, Tresuncinidactylus wilmienae gen. et sp. n. The attachment apparatus consists of a single pair of large slender hamuli with prominently flattened roots that are connected by a simple, narrow dorsal bar. The ventral bar is small and possesses a thin lingulate membrane but no evident anterolateral processes. There are 16 marginal hooks of one morphological type, but of three different sizes, with large falculate sickles that are proportionaly equal in length to the length of their handles. The two largest pairs of marginal hooks are positioned closest to the opisthaptoral peduncle, the neighbouring two pairs of medium-sized marginal hook sickles are situated along the lateral margins of the opisthaptor. Four pairs of smallest marginal hooks are positioned along the posterior margin of the opisthaptor. The male copulatory organ consists of a muscular pouch armed with approximately 30 gracile spines. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the 18S rDNA using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference placed the new genus within the lineage of solely African genera and suggests Afrogyrodactylus Paperna, 1968, Citharodactylus Přikrylová, Shinn et Paladini, 2017 and Mormyrogyrodactylus Luus-Powell, Mashego et Khalil, 2003 as genera most closely related to the new genus.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- jezera MeSH
- nemoci ryb * MeSH
- psi MeSH
- Trematoda * genetika MeSH
- žábry MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Zimbabwe MeSH
The present study redescribes the monotypic genus Afrodiplozoon Khotenovski, 1981, a diplozooid parasite endemic to Africa, based on material collected during surveys carried out in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, from two cyprinid hosts Labeobarbus marequensis and Enteromius paludinosus. Morphometrical analysis of the composition of internal organs and attachment clamps, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, provided details for the genus and species redescriptions. Posterior attachment apparatus can bear up the 15 pairs of the clamps with the first pair of clamps distinctly smaller and not fully developed. Molecular characterization of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) rDNA and phylogenetic analysis revealed the position of Afrodiplozoon polycotyleus as a sister taxon to Paradiplozoon krugerense and Paradiplozoon bingolenisis, distant from other African representatives of the genus Paradiplozoon, Paradiplozoon vaaleense and Paradiplozoon ichtyoxanthon.
- MeSH
- Cyprinidae parazitologie MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- Trematoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jihoafrická republika MeSH
An annotated list of larvae (metacestodes) of gryporhynchid tapeworms (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from freshwater fishes in Africa is provided with numerous new host and geographical records. Newly collected materials from Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan and Zimbabwe practically double the total number of species reported from African fish so far. We confirm the occurrence of 16 species (five unidentified to the species level and most likely representing new taxa) belonging to the genera Amirthalingamia Bray, 1974 (1 species), Cyclustera Fuhrmann, 1901 (2 species), Dendrouterina Fuhrmann, 1912 (1 species), Neogryporhynchus Baer & Bona, 1960 (1 species), Paradilepis Hsü, 1935 (4 species), Parvitaenia Burt, 1940 (5 species), and Valipora Linton, 1927 (2 species). Additionally, metacestodes of four unidentified species of Paradilepis and Parvitaenia are reported from fish for the first time. Rostellar hooks of all species are illustrated and their measurements are provided together with a host-parasite list. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial LSU rDNA sequences offers the first insight into the internal phylogenetic relationships within the family. Together with the morphological observations, the present study provides a taxonomic baseline for future studies on this largely neglected, but widely distributed and relatively frequent, group of parasites of African fishes, including economically important cichlids like tilapias and cyprinids.
- MeSH
- Cestoda klasifikace genetika MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- larva MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- ryby parazitologie MeSH
- sladká voda MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A new genus and species of monogenean belonging to the Gyrodactylidae, Citharodactylus gagei n. gen. et n. sp. (Plathyhelminthes, Monogenea), is described from the gills of the moon fish, Citharinus citharus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire), a characiform fish collected from Lake Turkana in northern Kenya. The new viviparous genus can be readily distinguished from the six other gyrodactylid genera recorded from Africa and from the other viviparous genera within the Gyrodactylidae based on the morphology of the male copulatory organ (MCO), which consists of a muscular ovate organ with an opening onto the tegument through which the narrow tapered end of a sclerotised curved cone-shaped structure protrudes. The tegumental opening of the MCO is surrounded by a collar of short spines. Sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, the 5.8S and the 18S rDNA genes and a comparison with the gyrodactylid species listed in GenBank confirmed the specimens are unique and do not match with any existing entry. When phylogenies for each genomic region were conducted (i.e. 0.064 gamma-corrected pairwise genetic distance based on a alignment of 1750 bp of the 1857 bp long 18S rDNA gene), the most similar match was that of Afrogyrodactylus sp. [= A. girgifae (Folia Parasitol 61:529-536, 2014)] from Brycinus nurse (Rüppell). The proposed name of the new parasite is Citharodactylus n. gen. which represents the seventh gyrodactylid genus to be found in Africa and the 25th viviparous genus and the 32nd genus to be added to the Gyrodactylidae.
- MeSH
- Characiformes parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- jezera parazitologie MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Keňa MeSH
Metacercariae of a North American digenean Posthodiplostomum cf. minimum centrarchi (Strigeiformes: Diplostomidae), have been reported from seven localities in Europe, with cysts recorded in the mesentery and internal organs of two invasive non-indigenous fishes (Lepomis gibbosus and Micropterus salmoides) from sites in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Portugal. Analysis of rDNA locus ITS1-ITS2-28S confirmed a closer relationship to the American Posthodiplostomum species than the common European species P. cuticola or P. brevicaudatum. Our data indicate limited potential of this parasite for switch to local fish fauna and confirm the occurrence at distant sites across Europe, suggesting that birds as definitive parasite hosts may play an important role for parasite dispersal. Further detailed studies are needed to confirm the actual means of introduction to Europe.
- MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- metacerkárie genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Perciformes parazitologie MeSH
- ptáci parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- Portugalsko epidemiologie MeSH
- Spojené státy americké epidemiologie MeSH
New findings on Gyrodactylus spp. parasitising African cichlids in southern Africa are presented, comprising data from Zimbabwe and South Africa. Morphometry of opisthaptoral hard parts in combination with nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences confirmed the presence of six species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832. Three new species are described from fishes in Zimbabwe: Gyrodactylus chitandiri n. sp. from the gill arches of Coptodon rendalli (Boulenger) and Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber); Gyrodactylus occupatus n. sp. from the fins of Oreochromis niloticus (L.), Pharyngochromis acuticeps (Steindachner) and P. philander; and Gyrodactylus parisellei n. sp. from the fins of O. niloticus, P. philander and Tilapia sp. Gyrodactylus nyanzae Paperna, 1973 was also identified from the gills of O. niloticus and C. rendalli collected from two localities in Zimbabwe; these findings represent new host and locality records for this parasite. Gyrodactylus sturmbaueri Vanhove, Snoeks, Volckaert & Huyse, 2011 was identified from P. philander collected in South Africa and Zimbabwe thereby providing new host and locality records for this parasite. Finally, Gyrodactylus yacatli García-Vásquez, Hansen, Christison, Bron & Shinn, 2011 was collected from the fins of O. niloticus and P. philander studied in Zimbabwe; this represents the first record of this species from the continent of Africa. Notably, this study improves upon the knowledge of Gyrodactylus spp. parasitising cichlids from these southern African regions. All species studied were recorded from at least two different cichlid host species indicating trend for a wide range of Gyrodactylus hosts in Africa. Accordingly, this supports the idea of intensive host switching in the course of their evolution.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- cichlidy parazitologie MeSH
- DNA helmintů genetika MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- ploutve zvířat parazitologie MeSH
- řeky MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- Trematoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jihoafrická republika MeSH
- Zimbabwe MeSH
This study revises the originally monotypic genus Afrogyrodactylus Paperna, 1968 (Monogenea), the species of which infect alestid fish (Characiformes) in Africa, and includes new records of these parasites from three geographically distant countries, Senegal, Sudan and South Africa. Morphology of opisthaptoral hooks and bars and nuclear ribosomal DNA data revealed three Afrogyrodactylus species. Afrogyrodactylus girgifae sp. n. is described from the fins of the Sudanese nurse tetra, Brycinus nurse (Rüppell), and A. kingi sp. n. presents from the gill arches of the South African sharptooth tetra, Micralestes acutidens (Peters), whereas a previously undescribed Afrogyrodactylus sp. occurred on the fins of B. nurse from Senegal. All three species differ conspicuously from the only one known species of this genus, A. characinis Paperna, 1968, by the dimensions of their haptoral hard parts. Detailed morphological and molecular descriptions and comparisons are presented.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- ploštěnci anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The family Gyrodactylidae contains one of the most significant radiations of platyhelminth fish parasites. The so-called hyperviviparity is very rare in the animal kingdom, and the rapid generation time can lead to an explosive population growth, which can cause massive losses in farmed fish. Here we present the first molecular phylogeny including all-but-one African genera, inferred from ITS and 18S rDNA sequences. The validity of nominal genera is discussed in relation to the systematic value of morphological characters traditionally used for generic identification. New complete 18S rDNA sequences of 18 gyrodactylid species of eight genera together with ITS rDNA gene sequences of eight species representing seven genera were generated and complemented with GenBank sequences. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses pointed to a paraphyletic nature of African Gyrodactylus species. They formed well-supported clades possibly indicating speciation within host taxa: (1) parasites of cichlids (Cichlidae); (2) parasites of catfishes (Siluriformes), consisting of a lineage infecting mochokids and one infecting clariids. Macrogyrodactylus spp. firmly clustered into a monophyletic group. We found that Swingleus and Fundulotrema are very closely related and clearly cluster within Gyrodactylus. This supports earlier claims as to the paraphyly of the nominal genus Gyrodactylus as it is currently defined, and necessitates a revision of Swingleus and Fundulotrema. Molecular dating estimates confirmed a relatively young, certainly post-Gondwanan, origin of gyrodactylid lineages. Building on the previously suggested South-American origin of viviparous gyrodactylids, the dataset suggests subsequent intercontinental dispersal to Africa and from there repeated colonisation of the Holarctic. Even though the African continent has been heavily under sampled, the present diversity is far greater than in the intensively studied European fauna, probably because of the high endemicity of sub-Saharan Africa.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- cichlidy parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- modely genetické MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- ploštěnci klasifikace genetika MeSH
- pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- sumci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika MeSH
An overview of Gyrodactylus infecting catfishes from the African continent is provided, including new data from Sudan, Senegal, Kenya and Mozambique. Haptoral sclerite morphometry and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences revealed the presence of eight Gyrodactylus species. On Senegalese Synodontis nigrita, Gyrodactylus synodonti n. sp. and Gyrodactylus nigritae n. sp. are described. These are the first reports of gyrodactylid parasites from mochokid hosts. From the fins of North African catfish Clarias gariepinus collected in Mozambique, Gyrodactylus alekosi n. sp. and Gyrodactylus rysavyi were identified. G. rysavyi was also reported from Kenyan C. gariepinus and Senegalese Clarias anguillaris. From the fins of C. anguillaris studied in Senegal, two more species, Gyrodactylus transvaalensis and Gyrodactylus gelnari n. sp. were recognised. In addition, Gyrodactylus turkanaensis n. sp. from the gills of Kenyan C. gariepinus was described and an undescribed Gyrodactylus sp. was recorded from Sudanese representatives of the same host. Detailed morphometrical and molecular comparisons of the species are presented and discussed. The study highlights the hitherto understudied diversity of viviparous monogenean parasites throughout Africa.
- MeSH
- DNA helmintů genetika MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sumci parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- žábry anatomie a histologie parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika MeSH
- Keňa MeSH
- Mosambik MeSH
- Senegal MeSH
- Súdán MeSH
Gyrodactylus malalai sp. nov. is described from the fin surface of cichlid fishes Oreochromis niloticus (L.) and Tilapia zillii (Gervais) caught in Lake Turkana (Kenya). The new species morphologically resembles Gyrodactylus nyanzae Paperna, 1973, but can be readily distinguished by the shape of the marginal hook sickles and the size of its hamuli. The sequence data of rDNA spanning partial 18S, internal transcribe spacer 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene is unique within GenBank. Genetically, as most similar Gyrodactylus ergensi Přikrylová, Matějusová, Musilová et Gelnar, 2009 was found (97.5%). Moreover, a specimen of G. cichlidarum from O. niloticus, and a specimen G. ergensi from Sarotherodon galilaeus (L.) were collected during sampling in Kenya. Likewise, additional sampling of O. niloticus from the Blue Nile in Sudan revealed the presence of the newly described species. These findings represent the first records of gyrodactylids in both African countries.
- MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- jezera * MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Tilapia * MeSH
- Trematoda klasifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Keňa MeSH
