Background: Although small-sided games (SSG) have been a popular method recently, the number of studies on female athletes is limited.Objective: This study investigated the effects of basketball-specific 2vs2, 3vs3 and 4vs4 SSG on psychological and technical responses. Methods: Eighteen young female basketball players with an age of 15.6 ± 0.7 years, a height of 175.0 ± 4.9 cm, a basketball experience of 5.6 ± 0.7 years, and a body mass index of 20.8 ± 1.1 kg/m2 participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test 1 were conducted. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment of physical activity (PACES-S), mental fatigue and emotion responses of the players were assessed after each bout in basketball-specific 2vs2, 3vs3 and 4vs4 SSG. Results: Significant differences in RPE, PACES-S and emotional responses were found for 2vs2, 3vs3 and 4vs4 games (p < .05). In addition to these results, 2vs2 and 3vs3 formats revealed significant differences in rebounding, successful shots, unsuccessful shots and successful passes in the technical responses (p < .05). Conclusions: The findings show that changing game forms can improve player experiences and encourage higher levels of physical activity, enjoyment, emotional responses, and technical ability. Further research could explore additional variables, such as tactical decision-making, cognitive load, and long-term effects of using different game forms.
- MeSH
- basketbal * MeSH
- cvičení psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- motorické dovednosti MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- psychická odolnost * MeSH
- sportovní výkon MeSH
- týmové sporty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of scaled equipment on the playing performance of young tennis players. Nonetheless, there is a need for further research to explore the impact of scaled equipment on the skill development of beginner adult tennis players. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of ball compression and scale court sizes on the learning of tennis skills of beginner adult tennis players. Methods: Twenty-four beginner players (age 20.9 ± 1.2 years) were randomly divided into a regular ball group (RB, n = 12) and a low-compression ball group (LCB, n = 12) on-court training twice per week for six weeks. The RB played with standard yellow tennis balls, while the LCB used low-compression balls (red, orange, and green) during the intervention. Pre and post-tests included the Tennis-Specific Skills Test (TSST) and the International Tennis Number test (ITN). Results: The results demonstrated that the LCB showed higher technical characteristics after training (p < .05, ηp2 between .18 and .36) except for the mobility assessment (p > .05, ηp2 = .02) and the TSST scores in terms of forehand, backhand, and rally length (p < .05, ηp2 = .16-.19). Conclusions: This study indicates that the LCB might be more suitable equipment to improve technical skills and hitting performances. Practitioners can use the LCB to design an effective training plan, especially for young and adult beginner tennis players.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- raketové sporty MeSH
- sportovní vybavení * klasifikace MeSH
- sportovní výkon MeSH
- tenis MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
Background: Several studies have compared the physical, physiological and anthropometric characteristics according to age and playing position in soccer. However, no studies have researched the comparison of emotional intelligence (EI) levels of soccer players. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the EI levels of soccer players in their age and playing position. Methods: A total of 550 male soccer players were divided into four groups according to their age: under-17 (n = 135), under-19 (n = 131), under-21 (n = 144) and 22+ (n = 140) and playing position: goalkeeper (n = 101), defender (n = 159), midfielder (n = 148) and forward (n = 142). EI levels of soccer were evaluated through the Emotional Intelligence Inventory in Sport. Results: Players in the lowest age category showed significantly (p < .001) higher EI level. Moreover, midfielders have also significantly (p = .039) higher EI level than other players. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that the level of EI varies according to players' age and playing position. These findings might be used for the evaluation of psychological and physiological responses required for soccer-specific performance.
