BACKGROUND: Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue (TPE) is the causative agent of human and nonhuman primate (NHP) yaws infection. The discovery of yaws bacterium in wild populations of NHPs opened the question of transmission mechanisms within NHPs, and this work aims to take a closer look at the transmission of the disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our study determined eleven whole TPE genomes from NHP isolates collected from three national parks in Tanzania: Lake Manyara National Park (NP), Serengeti NP, and Ruaha NP. The bacteria were isolated from four species of NHPs: Chlorocebus pygerythrus (vervet monkey), Cercopithecus mitis (blue monkey), Papio anubis (olive baboon), and Papio cynocephalus (yellow baboon). Combined with previously generated genomes of TPE originating from NHPs in Tanzania (n = 11), 22 whole-genome TPE sequences have now been analyzed. Out of 231 possible combinations of genome-to-genome comparisons, five revealed an unexpectedly high degree of genetic similarity in samples collected from different NHP species, consistent with inter-species transmission of TPE among NHPs. We estimated a substitution rate of TPE of NHP origin, ranging between 1.77 × 10-7 and 3.43 × 10-7 per genomic site per year. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The model estimations predicted that the inter-species transmission happened recently, within decades, roughly in an order of magnitude shorter time compared to time needed for the natural diversification of all tested TPE of Tanzanian NHP origin. Moreover, the geographical separation of the sampling sites (NPs) does not preclude TPE transmission between and within NHP species.
- MeSH
- Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
- Cercopithecus mikrobiologie MeSH
- frambézie * mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genom bakteriální MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci opic mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- Papio anubis mikrobiologie MeSH
- Papio cynocephalus mikrobiologie genetika MeSH
- primáti mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu * MeSH
- Treponema pallidum genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- Treponema MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Tanzanie MeSH
In our most recent study, we found that in Tanzania infection with Treponema pallidum (TP) subsp. pertenue (TPE) is present in four different monkey species. In order to gain information on the diversity and epidemiological spread of the infection in Tanzanian nonhuman primates (NHP), we identified two suitable candidate genes for multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). We demonstrate the functionality of the MLST system in invasively and non-invasively collected samples. While we were not able to demonstrate frequent interspecies transmission of TPE in Tanzanian monkeys, our results show a clustering of TPE strains according to geography and not host species, which is suggestive for rare transmission events between different NHP species. In addition to the geographic stability, we describe the relative temporal stability of the strains infecting NHPs and identified multi-strain infection. Differences between TPE strains of NHP and human origin are highlighted. Our results show that antibiotic resistance does not occur in Tanzanian TPE strains of NHP origin.
- MeSH
- Cercopithecus aethiops mikrobiologie MeSH
- Cercopithecus mikrobiologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genetické asociační studie MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla mikrobiologie MeSH
- hostitelská specificita * MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Treponema epidemiologie mikrobiologie přenos veterinární MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- nemoci opic epidemiologie mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- Papio anubis mikrobiologie MeSH
- Papio cynocephalus mikrobiologie MeSH
- Treponema klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kongo MeSH
- Tanzanie MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Toxic effects of the yew have been known since ancient times. Yew toxicity is due to the content of cyanogenic glycosides and a mixture of alkaloids known as taxines. Taxine B is probably responsible for the most part of adverse effects in poisoned organisms. This particular taxoid is common in body fluids of the yew-poisoned. The present study is engaged with laboratory examination to confirm substances that lead to fatality of a pair of olive baboons (Papio anubis) following ingestion of yew seeds. When both cage mates (male and female) died suddenly, poisoning was suspected because many berries had fallen into the cage from a nearby fruiting yew tree (Taxus baccata) during the windy night before. METHODS: The analysis was performed using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A flow injection analysis/mass spectrometry setting was prepared for this purpose. RESULTS: The above mentioned mass spectrometry analysis of taxoids confirmed poisoning by taxanes. The presence of taxin B/isotaxin B was confirmed in all investigated samples. Apparently in urine and bile there were concentrations ranging 150-220 ng.mL-1 and in blood serum concentrations 25-30 ng.mL-1. CONCLUSION: It follows from the results obtained that we confirmed that baboons were deadly intoxicated by yew fruits.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy analýza MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve veterinární MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
- nemoci opic diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- nemoci přenášené potravou diagnóza veterinární MeSH
- Papio anubis * krev moč MeSH
- taxoidy analýza MeSH
- tis otrava MeSH
- žluč chemie MeSH
- zvířata v ZOO * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
