The absence of high-affinity potassium uptake in Candida glabrata, the consequence of the deletion of the TRK1 gene encoding the sole potassium-specific transporter, has a pleiotropic effect. Here, we show that in addition to changes in basic physiological parameters (e.g., membrane potential and intracellular pH) and decreased tolerance to various cell stresses, the loss of high affinity potassium uptake also alters cell-surface properties, such as an increased hydrophobicity and adherence capacity. The loss of an efficient potassium uptake system results in diminished virulence as assessed by two insect host models, Drosophila melanogaster and Galleria mellonella, and experiments with macrophages. Macrophages kill trk1Δ cells more effectively than wild type cells. Consistently, macrophages accrue less damage when co-cultured with trk1Δ mutant cells compared to wild-type cells. We further show that low levels of potassium in the environment increase the adherence of C. glabrata cells to polystyrene and the propensity of C. glabrata cells to form biofilms.
- MeSH
- biofilmy růst a vývoj MeSH
- buněčná adheze fyziologie MeSH
- buněčná membrána metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- Candida glabrata genetika metabolismus patogenita MeSH
- draslík metabolismus MeSH
- draslíko-vodíkové antiportéry genetika MeSH
- Drosophila melanogaster mikrobiologie MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
- iontový transport MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy imunologie MeSH
- membránové potenciály fyziologie MeSH
- můry mikrobiologie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- proteiny přenášející kationty genetika MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u hub genetika MeSH
- THP-1 buňky MeSH
- virulence genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The roles of intracellular GTPase Arl1 and organellar cation/H(+) antiporters (Kha1 and Nhx1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerance to various stress factors were investigated and interesting new phenotypes of strains devoid of these proteins were found. The role of Arl1 GTPase in their tolerance to various cations is not caused by an altered plasma-membrane potential. Besides the known sensitivity of arl1 mutants to high temperature, we discovered their sensitivity to low temperature. We found for the first time that in the absence of Arl1p, Kha1p increases potassium, sodium and lithium tolerance, and can thus be categorized as an antiporter with broad substrate specificity. Kha1p also participates in the detoxification of undesired chemical compounds, pH regulation and growth at nonoptimal temperatures. Cells with the combined deletions of all three genes have considerable difficulty growing under nonoptimal conditions. We conclude that Arl1p, Kha1p and Nhx1p collaborate in survival strategies at nonoptimal pH, temperatures and cation concentrations, but work independent of each other.
- MeSH
- delece genu MeSH
- draslíko-vodíkové antiportéry metabolismus MeSH
- homeostáza MeSH
- kationty metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kovy metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita MeSH
- monomerní proteiny vázající GTP nedostatek metabolismus MeSH
- Na(+)-H(+) antiport metabolismus MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae - proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae účinky léků genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- vezikulární transportní proteiny nedostatek metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
