- MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ortodoncie * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radiační expozice statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- rentgendiagnostika panoramatická škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- rentgendiagnostika zubní * škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- pozorovací studie MeSH
Ingestion intakes of (137)Cs of the Czech population were calculated in two different ways - either from the measured activity of (137)Cs in components of food in combination with statistical data about consumption rates or from retention of (137)Cs in the human body obtained by whole body counting or calculated from daily urinary excretion of (137)Cs. Data from the time period since 1986 to 2015 are used. The daily ingestion intake was about 25 Bq d(-1) in 1986 and is around 0.1 Bq d(-1) at present. Both approaches of ingestion intake calculation have their advantages and disadvantages. Ingestion intake calculated from (137)Cs body content was assumed to be the most accurate as it requires fewer assumptions than the calculation from food consumption. However, calculation of (137)Cs intake from food consumption is an important tool for prediction doses after the release of radionuclides into environment. The best agreement exceeding the intakes from urine measurement 5 times at maximum was achieved when intakes calculated from food also included products from the natural environment. Without this, the ingestion intake could be under-predicted seriously up to 6 times, especially in the longer time after the release of (137)Cs into environment. Ingestion intakes up to 11 Bq d(-1) in a group of people with significant consumption of game meat containing elevated activity of (137)Cs activity were included as a special case. Various groups of foodstuffs had varying effects on the total committed effective dose from (137)Cs. Dose estimates for the Czech population from (137)Cs ingestion intake achieved 80 μSv in 1986 and not more than 2 μSv currently and were similar to those incurred by the population of neighbouring countries.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- radiační expozice statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radioaktivní kontaminace potravin analýza statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radioaktivní znečišťující látky analýza MeSH
- radioizotopy cesia analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The article reports results from the largest international dose survey in paediatric computed tomography (CT) in 32 countries and proposes international diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in terms of computed tomography dose index (CTDI vol) and dose length product (DLP). It also assesses whether mean or median values of individual facilities should be used. A total of 6115 individual patient data were recorded among four age groups: <1 y, >1-5 y, >5-10 y and >10-15 y. CTDIw, CTDI vol and DLP from the CT console were recorded in dedicated forms together with patient data and technical parameters. Statistical analysis was performed, and international DRLs were established at rounded 75th percentile values of distribution of median values from all CT facilities. The study presents evidence in favour of using median rather than mean of patient dose indices as the representative of typical local dose in a facility, and for establishing DRLs as third quartile of median values. International DRLs were established for paediatric CT examinations for routine head, chest and abdomen in the four age groups. DRLs for CTDI vol are similar to the reference values from other published reports, with some differences for chest and abdomen CT. Higher variations were observed between DLP values, based on a survey of whole multi-phase exams. It may be noted that other studies in literature were based on single phase only. DRLs reported in this article can be used in countries without sufficient medical physics support to identify non-optimised practice. Recommendations to improve the accuracy and importance of future surveys are provided.
- MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- internacionalita MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- monitorování radiace normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- pediatrie normy MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
- radiační expozice normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
