The analyses of molecular data represent an effective tool for increasing the credibility of taxonomy and facilitate the description of species. Nevertheless, in haemoprotozoa, the growing amount of available sequential data is not matched by the still limited number of well-defined species. We identified four protistan haemoparasites in North Iranian reptiles: two Hepatozoon and two Schellackia species. Hepatozoon colubri and Hepatozoon ophisauri were morphologically identified in their type hosts, their partial 18S rDNA was analyzed, and thorough literature data were included in their redescription. The scarce data on the detected Schellackia spp. did not allow for their formal species description. Using an integrative approach, including morphological and geographical features, host specificity, molecular data, and the data published thus far, we face the following main difficulties hindering reliable diagnosis. (1) The lack of molecular data on well-described and named species. (2) The insufficiency of using only morphological and biological features, or only sequential data without morphology, to perform an absolutely reliable species diagnosis. (3) Typical morphological features are more substantial than metric means. (4) High risk of synonymy is present in taxonomy of blood Protista. (5) Artefacts caused by blood smear processing further complicate the correct morphological determination.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Eucoccidiida klasifikace genetika MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie MeSH
- plazi parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Írán MeSH
Over the last two decades my colleagues and I have assembled the literature on a good percentage of most of the coccidians (Conoidasida) known, to date, to parasitise: Amphibia, four major lineages of Reptilia (Amphisbaenia, Chelonia, Crocodylia, Serpentes), and seven major orders in the Mammalia (Carnivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Insectivora, Marsupialia, Primates, Scandentia). These vertebrates, combined, comprise about 15,225 species; only about 899 (5.8%) of them have been surveyed for coccidia and 1,946 apicomplexan valid species names or other forms are recorded in the literature. Based on these compilations and other factors, I extrapolated that there yet may be an additional 31,381 new apicomplexans still to be discovered in just these 12 vertebrate groups. Extending the concept to all of the other extant vertebrates on Earth; i.e. lizards (6,300 spp.), rodents plus 12 minor orders of mammals (3,180 spp.), birds (10,000 spp.), and fishes (33,000 spp.) and, conservatively assuming only two unique apicomplexan species per each vertebrate host species, I extrapolate and extend my prediction that we may eventually find 135,000 new apicomplexans that still need discovery and to be described in and from those vertebrates that have not yet been examined for them! Even doubling that number is a significant underestimation in my opinion.
- MeSH
- Apicomplexa izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- klasifikace MeSH
- obojživelníci parazitologie MeSH
- obratlovci parazitologie MeSH
- plazi parazitologie MeSH
- ptáci parazitologie MeSH
- ryby parazitologie MeSH
- savci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Reptiles are reservoirs of a wide range of pathogens, including many protozoa, helminths, pentastomids, and arthropod parasitic species, some of which may be of public health concern. In this review we discuss the zoonotic risks associated with human-reptile interactions. Increased urbanization and introduction of exotic species of reptile may act as drivers for the transmission of zoonotic parasites through the environment. In addition, being a part of human diet, reptiles can be a source of life-threatening parasitoses, such as pentastomiasis or sparganosis. Finally, reptiles kept as pets may represent a risk to owners given the possibility of parasites transmitted by direct contact or fecal contamination. Awareness of reptile-borne zoonotic parasitoses is important to advocate control, prevention, and surveillance of these neglected diseases.
- MeSH
- domácí zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parazitární nemoci parazitologie prevence a kontrola přenos MeSH
- paraziti MeSH
- plazi parazitologie MeSH
- potravinářská parazitologie MeSH
- zoonózy parazitologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Tissue samples from wildlife from South Africa were opportunistically collected and screened for haemoprotozoan parasites using nonspecific PCR primers. Samples of 127 individuals were tested, comprising over 50 different species. Haemogregarines were the most commonly identified parasites, but sarcocystids and piroplasmids were also detected. Phylogenetic analyses estimated from the 18S rDNA marker highlighted the occurrence of several novel parasite forms and the detection of parasites in novel hosts. Phylogenetic relationships, which have been recently reviewed, appear to be much more complex than previously considered. Our study highlights the high diversity of parasites circulating in wildlife in this biodiverse region, and the need for further studies to resolve taxonomic issues.
- MeSH
- Apicomplexa klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- plazi parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální DNA analýza MeSH
- protozoální infekce zvířat parazitologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S analýza MeSH
- savci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jihoafrická republika MeSH
Problems with parasitic infections and their interspecies transmissions are common in zoological gardens and could pose serious health damage to captive animals. This study presents results of eight-year monitoring of intestinal parasites in animals from Zoo Ljubljana, Slovenia. A total of 741 faecal samples from 40 animal species were collected two to four times per year and examined microscopically. Intestinal parasites were detected in 45% of samples, with detection of helminths (Cestoda, Nematoda - Ascaridida, Enoplida, Strongylida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida and Trichurida) and protists (Apicomplexa and Ciliophora) in 25% and 13% of samples, respectively; mixed infection was found in 7% of samples. The mostly infected were ungulates (61%), followed by reptiles (44%), ratites (29%), primates (22%) and carnivores (7%). During the observation period, the number of infected animal species increased from 8 to 25. This is the first long-term monitoring study of intestinal parasites in zoo animals from Slovenia. Routine monitoring of parasitic infection and regular deworming and hygienic measures are necessary to prevent gastrointestinal infections in captive animals.
- MeSH
- Carnivora parazitologie MeSH
- cizopasní červi izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- helmintózy zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Palaeognathae MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- plazi parazitologie MeSH
- primáti parazitologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- savci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata v ZOO MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The examination of the type series of Ophiotaenia gallardi (Johnston, 1911) (syn. Proteocephalus gallardi Johnston, 1911) revealed that it is a mixture of two species of different genera. Lectotype of Ophiotaenia gallardi is designated and the species is redescribed on the basis of it, conspecific paralectotypes and additional materials. The remaining part of the type series belongs to Vandiermenia gen. n. (Acanthotaeniinae), with V. beveridgei sp. n. as the type- and only species. The new genus differs from all other acanthotaeniine genera, i.e. Rostellotaenia Freze, 1963, Acanthotaenia von Linstow, 1903 and Kapsulotaenia Freze, 1963, by the presence of cortical uterine stem and paramuscular vitelline follicles, particular structure of the internal longitudinal musculature (absent laterally and more developed than in the three above-mentioned genera) and testes limited in two fields separated medially. Type series of Ophiotaenia mjobergi (Nybelin, 1917) (syn. Crepidobothrium mjobergi Nybelin, 1917), O. amphiboluri (Nybelin, 1917) (syn. Crepidobothrium amphiboluri Nybelin, 1917), O. striata (Johnston, 1914) (syn. Acanthotaenia striata Johnston, 1914) and O. longmani Johnston, 1916 are revised and compared with Ophiotaenia gallardi. Australotaenia hylae (Johnston, 1912) comb. n. is proposed for Ophiotaenia hylae Johnston, 1912. Australotaenia gen. n. differs from the remaining genera of the subfamily Acanthotaeniinae by (1) the Type 2 of the formation of the uterus (sensu de Chambrier et al. 2004) (all the other acanthotaeniines have the Type 1 of uterine development), (2) the cortical position of the uterine stem (all the other genera have medullary uterine stem) and (3) the morphology of the internal longitudinal musculature, which is composed of few well-developed bundles of fibres (in contrast to the other genera). The new genus also differs from Vandiermenia by eggs not in clusters, the presence of two testicular fields (versus one in Vandiermenia) and the structure of the longitudinal internal musculature with only 8–10 bundles (versus formed by numerous bundles and with the presence of secondary muscles in Vandiermenia). Ophiotaenia sp. sensu de Chambrier (2004), a parasite of Litoria moorei, is described as Australotaenia grobeli sp. n., which can be distinguished from Australotaenia hylae by the smaller number of testes (46–76 versus 74–106), greater cirrus-sac length/width of proglottis ratio (27–33% versus 17–19%) and the smaller ovary width / proglottis width ratio (55–63% versus 68–71%). Keywords: Proteocephalidea, Ophiotaenia gallardi, Vandiermenia beveridgei
- MeSH
- Cestoda izolace a purifikace klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- cestodózy epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- obojživelníci parazitologie MeSH
- plazi parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
A new delimitation of genera within the nematode family Capillariidae is proposed on the basis of revaluation of the features used in the taxonomy of these nematodes. The following genera are recognized as valid: Schulmanela Ivashkin, 1964 (subgenera Schulmanela Ivashkin, 1964, Piscicapillaria subgen. n. and Amphibiocapillaria subgen. n.), Paracapillaria Mendonça, 1963, Capillostrongyloides Freitas et Lent, 1935, Pseudocapillaria Freitas, 1959 (subgenera Pseudocapillaria Freitas, 1959 and Ichthyocapillaria subgen. n.). Freitascapillaria gen. n., Baruscapillaria gen. n., Liniscus Dujardin, 1845, Pearsonema Freitas et Mendonça, 1960, Capillaria Zeder, 1800, Echinocoleus López-Neyra, 1947, Eucoleus Dujardin, 1845, Pterothominx Freitas, 1959, Aonchotheca López-Neyra, 1947 and Calodium Dujardin, 1845; previously established genera are newly defined. The systematic status of the genera Gessyella Freitas, 1959 and Skrjabinocapillaria Skarbilovich, 1946 has not been so far elucidated. The author newly synonymizes the genera Ritaklossia Freitas, 1959 (= Eucoleus), Armocapillaria Gagarin et Nazarova, 1966 [= Pterothominx) and Hepaticola Hall, 1916 (=Calodium) and the species Hepaticola bakeri Mueller et Van Cleave, 1932 (=Pseudocapillaria catostomi (Pearse, 1924)) and Pseudocapillaria nuda Mendonça, 1963 (= Freitascapillaria maxillosa (Vaz et Pereira, 1934)); many new combinations of specific names are given. A key to the genera and subgenera of the family Capillariidae is provided.
- MeSH
- Capillaria anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- hlístice anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- obojživelníci parazitologie MeSH
- plazi parazitologie MeSH
- ptáci parazitologie MeSH
- ryby parazitologie MeSH
- savci parazitologie MeSH
- Trichinelloidea klasifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
