CO2 capture
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Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is considered as one of the options for reducing CO2 emissions. CCS can be applied to large point sources of CO2, such as power plants and in large industrial processes. The CO2 capture is to produce a concentrated stream of highpressure CO2. The capture systems typically employ absorption of CO2 from flue gases with CO2 concentration up to 15 %. The oxygen-fuel systems use oxygen instead of air for fuel combustion to produce mainly water vapour and CO2 (more than 80 %); the water vapour is easily removed by cooling. In precombustion capture, the fuel is converted to CO2 (15-60 %) and H2 at high pressure; then CO2 is separated by adsorption or absorption. The emerging capture technologies require development of largescale membrane separation processes, novel absorption solvents and sorbents, membrane-absorbent systems, hightemperature oxygen transport membranes for oxygen production, oxyfuelling via chemical looping, combined reaction/ separation systems and new high-temperature materials.
Úvod: Hypertrofické jizvy jsou nechtěným a mutilujícím následkem hlubokých popálenin, dále vystupňovány jsou u rozsáhlých popáleninových úrazů. Frakční CO2 laserová terapie je jednou z metod komplexní léčby hypertrofických jizev a používá se od roku 2007. Přestože její účinnost byla v klinické praxi objektivně prokázána, nebyly stanoveny optimální parametry nastavení. Pro hodnocení účinku laserové terapie se používají dříve navržené hodnotící nástroje, které dobře postihují kvalitu jizev, ale nedokáží postihnout specifické změny pro provedené laserové terapii. Materiál a metody: Frakční CO2 laserová terapie hypertrofických jizev je na Oddělení plastické a estetické chirurgie FN Olomouc prováděna od roku 2017; systematická studie účinků probíhala v letech 2019–2020. Celkem bylo léčeno 25 hypertrofických jizev u 13 pacientů, každá z jizev byla frakční CO2 laser terapií ošetřena více než jednou. Výsledky: Statistickou analýzou dat bylo detekováno statisticky významné zlepšení textury jizev a zlepšení celkového funkčního a estetického výsledku. U jizev, jejichž výška byla před zahájením laserové terapie vyšší než 2 mm, došlo k signifikantní redukci výšky pod 2 mm (62,5 % jizev). Korelační analýzou byla detekována statisticky signifikantní pozitivní korelace mezi energií laserového paprsku a redukcí rozsahu jizev prominujících nad nivó zdravého okolí. Frakční CO2 laserová terapie ukázala statisticky významnou účinnost při redukci rizik spojených s plnoformátovou CO2 laserovou terapií. Frakční ošetření bylo pacienty velmi dobře tolerováno, topická anestezie 5% gelem lidokainu byla dostatečná u 24 z 25 pacientů. Následné hojení probíhalo u všech pacientů bez komplikací. Závěr: Frakční CO2 laserovou terapií bylo dosaženo statisticky významného zlepšení textury a redukce výšky hypertrofických jizev a zlepšení celkového funkčního i estetického výsledku.
Introduction: Hypertrophic scars are an unwanted and mutilating consequence of deep burns, and are further exacerbated by extensive burn injuries. Fractional CO2 laser therapy is one of the methods for complex treatment of hypertrophic scars, it has been used since 2007 [1]. Although its effectiveness has been objectively proven in clinical practice, the optimal settings parameters have not been determined. To evaluate the effect of laser therapy, previously designed evaluation tools are used, which evaluate the quality of scars well, but fail to capture specific changes for the performed laser therapy. Material and methods: Fractional CO2 laser therapy of hypertrophic scars is performed at the Department of Plastic and Esthetic Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, since 2017 and the systematic study took place in 2019–2020. In common, 25 hypertrophic scars were treated in 13 patients; each scar was treated by fractional CO2 laser therapy more than once. Results: Statistical analysis detected statistically significant improvement of the texture of the scars and the improvement of overall functional and esthetic result. We found significant reduction of the height under 2 mm (62,5% of scars) in scars with the height > 2 mm before the initiation of laser therapy. Correlation analysis detected a statistically significant positive correlation between the energy of laser beam and the reduction volume of the scar protruding above the niveau of healthy surrounding tissue. Fractional CO2 laser therapy showed statistically significant efficacy in the reduction of the risks associated with full-format CO2 laser-therapy. Fractional treatment was very well tolerated by the patients. Topical 5% lidocaine gel was effective in 24 out of 25 patients. Further healing was without complications in all patients. Conclusion: Fractional CO2 laser therapy has achieved statistically significant improvement of the texture and reduction of hypertrophic scars and overall improvement of functional and esthetic result in our study.
High-pressure phase behavior of systems containing water, carbon dioxide and organics has been important in several environment- and energy-related fields including carbon capture and storage, CO2 sequestration and CO2-assisted enhanced oil recovery. Here, partition coefficients (K-factors) of organic solutes between water and supercritical carbon dioxide have been correlated with extended linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs). In addition to the Abraham molecular descriptors of the solutes, the explanatory variables also include the logarithm of solute vapor pressure, the solubility parameters of carbon dioxide and water, and the internal pressure of water. This is the first attempt to include also the properties of water as explanatory variables in LSER correlations of K-factor data in CO2-water-organic systems. Increasing values of the solute hydrogen bond acidity, the solute hydrogen bond basicity, the solute dipolarity/polarizability, the internal pressure of water and the solubility parameter of water all tend to reduce the K-factor, that is, to favor the solute partitioning to the water-rich phase. On the contrary, increasing values of the solute characteristic volume, the solute vapor pressure and the solubility parameter of CO2 tend to raise the K-factor, that is, to favor the solute partitioning to the CO2-rich phase.
- MeSH
- oxid uhličitý * MeSH
- rozpouštědla chemie MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- roztoky MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- vodíková vazba MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Mosquito collections with CDC light traps using dry ice and pigeon-baited traps were carried out in south Moravia (Czech Republic) from April to October in 2007 and 2008 at two study sites. In 2007, 11 two-day captures were carried out in two-week intervals, and 1,490 female mosquitoes of nine species were caught. In 2008, 15 two-day trappings of mosquitoes were carried out: 6,778 females of 22 species of mosquitoes were trapped. The results showed marked differences in abundance and species composition of mosquitoes between both study sites and between the trapping methods. In the floodplain forest ecosystem of the Soutok study area, Aedes vexans predominated. The species composition in the Nesyt study site was more varied and the most common species was Culex pipiens. At the latter study site, Anopheles hyrcanus (var. pseudopictus) and Uranotaenia unguiculata, mosquito species with largely southern Eurasian distribution, were repeatedly demonstrated. The largest capture of mosquitoes was in traps with CO2 placed at a height 1 m above the ground. The capture of mosquitoes in the pigeon-baited traps as well as in the traps with CO2 placed in the canopy of trees was markedly lower in both study sites, with the predominant species being Culex pipiens.
Plant growth is affected by light availability, light capture, and the efficiency of light energy utilisation within the photosynthetic uptake processes. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) of four even-aged, fully stocked mature Norway spruce stands along a temperature, precipitation, and altitudinal gradient of the Czech Republic was investigated. A new straightforward, methodological approach involving an analysis of digital hemispherical photographs for RUE estimation was applied. The highest annual RUE value (0.72 g MJ-1) was observed in the stand characterised by the lowest mean annual air temperature, the highest annual amount of precipitation, located at the highest altitude, and with the lowest site index reflecting site fertility. From the viewpoint of global climate change mitigation, this stand fixed 4.14 Mg ha-1 and 13.93 Mg ha-1 of carbon units and CO2 molecules into above-ground biomass, respectively. The lowest RUE value (0.21 g MJ-1) within the studied growing season was found in the stand located at the lowest altitude representing the site with the highest mean air temperature and the lowest amount of precipitation where 1.27 Mg ha-1 and 4.28 Mg ha-1 of carbon units and CO2 molecules, respectively, were fixed. From the tested meteorological variables (mean air temperature, the monthly sums of temperature, precipitation, and air humidity), RUE was only significantly dependent on air temperature. Therefore, global warming can lead to diminishing RUE and carbon sequestration in Norway spruce stands, especially at low altitudes.
- MeSH
- klimatické změny * MeSH
- smrk * MeSH
- stromy MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- transpirace rostlin MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Norsko MeSH
Nanolive je příkladem rozvíjející se technologie v oblasti nanoskopie, která kombinuje holografii a tomografii (Tomografická difrakční mikroskopie, TDM). Tato technologie nepoužívá žádné značení, proto můžeme pozorovat buňky v jejich přirozeném prostředí, aniž bychom je jakkoliv modifikovali nebo měnili pomocí chemických značek. Můžeme tak zaznamenat všechny důležité životní buněčné pochody a tímto unikátním způsobem lépe pochopit chování buněk. Digitální holografický tomograf 3D Cell Explorer vytváří kolekci 96 vrstev v ose Z, kdy každá vrstva je vlastně detailní mapou indexů lomu (Refractive Index, RI) intracelulárních struktur. Tato inovativní technologie dokáže rekonstruovat ve vysokém rozlišení (x, y:200nm; z:400nm; t:1.7sec) kvalitní trojrozměrný obraz transparentních neznačených vzorků. Buňky je možné umístit do malého inkubátoru, a tak lze monitorovat chování buněk v kontrolovaném prostředí (teplota, CO2, 02, vlhkost) po dobu hodin, dnů i týdnů. Díky fyzikální podstatě zaznamenávání indexů lomu, je možné provádět následnou kvantitativní analýzu dat. 3D Cell Explorer -fluo obohacuje tomografická data o možnost kombinace s fluorescenčními značkami a umožňuje tak přesnou identifikaci organel, proteinů nebo dalších látek značených flourescenčně.Tato neinvazivní inovativní technika otevírá možnosti pro nové fascinující aplikace pro studium buněčného cyklu/smrti, studium infekce uvnitř buněk, lokalizaci nanočástic a imuno -onkologii.
Nanolive technology is an example of emerging smart nanoscopic technique by combining holography with tomography (Tomographic Diffractive Microscopy, TDM). This technology is 100 label free, so we can observe cells in their real environment without any behaviour modifications nor alterations due to chemical markers and capture important events all along cells life time and understanding in an unique way how cells behave. Digital Holographic Tomograph, called 3D Cell Explorer, creates a collection of 96 Z -stacked layers, each layer being a detailed Refractive Index (RI) map of the cells observed. This innovation technique guarantees three -dimensional high spatio -temporal resolution imaging (x, y:200nm; z:400nm; t:1.7sec) of transparent unlabeled specimens. Cells can be cultured and monitored under controlled environment conditions in continuous time -lapse for days/weeks using on -stage incubator. Based on the quantitative nature of the refractive index measurements, the system enables for quantitative data analysis for single cells and tissues. Moreover, 3D -Cell Explorer‑fluo enriches high quality tomographic data with fluorescent markers and enables also precise intracellular detection of organels, proteins or drugs based on fluorescence staining. This not invasive and quantitative imaging technique permits new intriguing applications in the cell death/cell cycle analysis, intracellular infection, intracellular nanoparticles localization and immuno -oncology.
The ISWI family protein SMARCA5 contains the ATP-binding pocket that coordinates the catalytic Mg2+ ion and water molecules for ATP hydrolysis. In this study, we demonstrate that SMARCA5 can also possess an alternative metal-binding ability. First, we isolated SMARCA5 on the cobalt column (IMAC) to near homogeneity. Examination of the interactions of SMARCA5 with metal-chelating supports showed that, apart from Co2+, it binds to Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+. The efficiency of the binding to the last-listed metal was influenced by the chelating ligand, resulting in a strong preference for Ni-NTA over the Ni-CM-Asp equivalent. To gain insight in the preferential affinity for the Ni-NTA ligand, QM calculations were performed on model systems and metal-ligand complexes with a limited protein fragment of SMARCA5 containing the double-histidine (dHis) motif. The calculations correlated the observed affinity with the relative stability of the d-block metals to tetradentate ligand coordination over tridentate, as well as their overall octahedral coordination capacity. Likewise, binding free energies derived from model imidazole complexes mirrored the observed Ni-NTA/Ni-CM-Asp preferential affinity. Finally, similar calculations on complexes with a SMARCA5 peptide fragment derived from the AlphaFold structural prediction, captured almost accurately the expected relative stability of the TM complexes, and produced a large energetic separation (~10 kcal∙mol-1) between Ni-NTA and Ni-CM-Asp in favour of the former.
- MeSH
- adenosintrifosfatasy MeSH
- chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové metabolismus chemie MeSH
- kovy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- kvantová teorie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligandy MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- restrukturace chromatinu MeSH
- vazba proteinů * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
... Acetyl CoA in Mitochondria 81 The Citric Acid Cycle Generates NADH by Oxidizing Acetyl -- Groups to CO2 ... ... PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- Chloroplasts Resemble Mitochondria But Have a Separate Thylakoid Compartment -- Chloroplasts Capture ...
Sixth edition xxxiv, 1430 stran v různém stránkování : ilustrace (převážně barevné) ; 29 cm
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- molekulární biologie, molekulární medicína
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
