... TV: 1 17 I VET -- Jindřich Vobořil uF -- DUŠEVNÍ ZDRAVÍ -- DWv/ -- JAKO DŮLEŽITÁ SOUČÁST -- INERAST RUKTURY ...
Limitovaná edícia 242 stran : ilustrace ; 27 cm
Sborník obsahuje rozhovory s českými a slovenskými osobnosti z různých oborů, které se vyjadřují k tématu psychedelických halucinogenních drog. Určeno odborné i široké veřejnosti.; Rozhovory s významnými osobnostmi vědy, terapie, aktivismu, legislativy, kultury a komunity o psychedelikách, jejich terapeutickém potenciálu, využití v medicíně, duševním zdraví a seberozvoji, a také o společnosti a kultuře spojené s jejich užíváním.
- MeSH
- Mental Health MeSH
- Drug Therapy MeSH
- Hallucinogens MeSH
- Perception MeSH
- Attitude MeSH
- Recreational Drug Use MeSH
- Consciousness MeSH
- Famous Persons MeSH
- Publication type
- Interview MeSH
- Collected Work MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Slovakia MeSH
- Conspectus
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NML Fields
- psychofarmakologie
The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor transmits and triggers viral infections that have deleterious effects on honey bee colonies worldwide. We performed a manipulative experiment in which worker bees collected at emergence were exposed to Varroa for 72 h, and their proteomes were compared with those of untreated control bees. Label-free quantitative proteomics identified 77 differentially expressed A. mellifera proteins (DEPs). In addition, viral proteins were identified by orthogonal analysis, and most importantly, Deformed wing virus (DWV) was found at high levels/intensity in Varroa-exposed bees. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the main pathways affected included peroxisomal metabolism, cyto-/exoskeleton reorganization, and cuticular proteins. Detailed examination of individual DEPs revealed that additional changes in DEPs were associated with peroxisomal function. In addition, the proteome data support the importance of TGF-β signaling in Varroa-DWV interaction and the involvement of the mTORC1 and Hippo pathways. These results suggest that the effect of DWV on bees associated with Varroa feeding results in aberrant autophagy. In particular, autophagy is selectively modulated by peroxisomes, to which the observed proteome changes strongly corresponded. This study complements previous research with different study designs and suggests the importance of the peroxisome, which plays a key role in viral infections.
- MeSH
- Insect Proteins metabolism MeSH
- Host-Parasite Interactions MeSH
- Peroxisomes * metabolism virology MeSH
- Proteome metabolism analysis MeSH
- Proteomics methods MeSH
- RNA Viruses * physiology MeSH
- Signal Transduction MeSH
- Varroidae * virology MeSH
- Bees virology parasitology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Honeybee workers undergo metamorphosis in capped cells for approximately 13 days before adult emergence. During the same period, Varroa mites prick the defenseless host many times. We sought to identify proteome differences between emerging Varroa-parasitized and parasite-free honeybees showing the presence or absence of clinical signs of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the capped cells. A label-free proteomic analysis utilizing nanoLC coupled with an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer provided a quantitative comparison of 2316 protein hits. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the combination of Varroa parasitism and DWV clinical signs caused proteome changes that occurred in the same direction as those of Varroa alone and were approximately two-fold higher. Furthermore, proteome changes associated with DWV signs alone were positioned above Varroa in the RDA. Multiple markers indicate that Varroa activates TGF-β-induced pathways to suppress wound healing and the immune response and that the collective action of stressors intensifies these effects. Furthermore, we indicate JAK/STAT hyperactivation, p53-BCL-6 feedback loop disruption, Wnt pathway activation, Wnt/Hippo crosstalk disruption, and NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling conflict in the Varroa-honeybee-DWV interaction. These results illustrate the higher effect of Varroa than of DWV at the time of emergence. Markers for future research are provided.
- MeSH
- Biomarkers MeSH
- Models, Biological MeSH
- Histones metabolism MeSH
- Janus Kinases metabolism MeSH
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism MeSH
- Wnt Proteins metabolism MeSH
- Proteome * MeSH
- Proteomics * MeSH
- Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism MeSH
- RNA Viruses * MeSH
- Signal Transduction MeSH
- Symbiosis * MeSH
- Transforming Growth Factor beta * MeSH
- STAT Transcription Factors metabolism MeSH
- Varroidae * MeSH
- Bees metabolism parasitology virology MeSH
- Computational Biology methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Instrumental insemination of Apis mellifera L. queens is a widely employed technique used in honeybee breeding that enables the effective control of mating. However, drone semen represents a potential source of honeybee viruses. In this study, 43 semen doses collected from apparently healthy drones, and consequently used in instrumental insemination, were analysed using PCR or RT-PCR to detect the presence of viral genome of 11 honeybee viruses. In 91% of samples, viral infection was detected. The survey revealed genomes of five viruses, namely Deformed wing virus (DWV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Sacbrood virus (SBV), and A. mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) in 84%, 19%, 14%, 2%, and 67% of samples, respectively. Single infection (30% of samples) as well as multiple infection (61% of samples) of two, three or four pathogens were also evaluated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the presence of the BQCV and SBV genome sequence in drone ejaculate. Phylogenetic analysis of BQCV partial helicase gene sequence revealed the high similarity of nucleotide sequence of described Czech strains, which varied from 91.4% to 99.6%. The findings of our study indicate the possibility of venereal transmission of BQCV and SBV.
- MeSH
- Biodiversity * MeSH
- Breeding methods MeSH
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- Semen virology MeSH
- Bees virology MeSH
- Viruses classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The worldwide population of western honey bees (Apis mellifera) is under pressure from habitat loss, environmental stress, and pathogens, particularly viruses that cause lethal epidemics. Deformed wing virus (DWV) from the family Iflaviridae, together with its vector, the mite Varroa destructor, is likely the major threat to the world's honey bees. However, lack of knowledge of the atomic structures of iflaviruses has hindered the development of effective treatments against them. Here, we present the virion structures of DWV determined to a resolution of 3.1 Å using cryo-electron microscopy and 3.8 Å by X-ray crystallography. The C-terminal extension of capsid protein VP3 folds into a globular protruding (P) domain, exposed on the virion surface. The P domain contains an Asp-His-Ser catalytic triad that is, together with five residues that are spatially close, conserved among iflaviruses. These residues may participate in receptor binding or provide the protease, lipase, or esterase activity required for entry of the virus into a host cell. Furthermore, nucleotides of the DWV RNA genome interact with VP3 subunits. The capsid protein residues involved in the RNA binding are conserved among honey bee iflaviruses, suggesting a putative role of the genome in stabilizing the virion or facilitating capsid assembly. Identifying the RNA-binding and putative catalytic sites within the DWV virion structure enables future analyses of how DWV and other iflaviruses infect insect cells and also opens up possibilities for the development of antiviral treatments.
- MeSH
- Cryoelectron Microscopy MeSH
- Capsid ultrastructure MeSH
- Protein Conformation MeSH
- Models, Molecular MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Protein Domains MeSH
- RNA Viruses ultrastructure MeSH
- Amino Acid Sequence MeSH
- Bees virology MeSH
- Virion ultrastructure MeSH
- Capsid Proteins chemistry ultrastructure MeSH
- Insect Viruses ultrastructure MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
We investigated pathogens in the parasitic honeybee mite Varroa destructor using nanoLC-MS/MS (TripleTOF) and 2D-E-MS/MS proteomics approaches supplemented with affinity-chromatography to concentrate trace target proteins. Peptides were detected from the currently uncharacterized Varroa destructor Macula-like virus (VdMLV), the deformed wing virus (DWV)-complex and the acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV). Peptide alignments revealed detection of complete structural DWV-complex block VP2-VP1-VP3, VDV-1 helicase and single-amino-acid substitution A/K/Q in VP1, the ABPV structural block VP1-VP4-VP2-VP3 including uncleaved VP4/VP2, and VdMLV coat protein. Isoforms of viral structural proteins of highest abundance were localized via 2D-E. The presence of all types of capsid/coat proteins of a particular virus suggested the presence of virions in Varroa. Also, matches between the MWs of viral structural proteins on 2D-E and their theoretical MWs indicated that viruses were not digested. The absence/scarce detection of non-structural proteins compared with high-abundance structural proteins suggest that the viruses did not replicate in the mite; hence, virions accumulate in the Varroa gut via hemolymph feeding. Hemolymph feeding also resulted in the detection of a variety of honeybee proteins. The advantages of MS-based proteomics for pathogen detection, false-positive pathogen detection, virus replication, posttranslational modifications, and the presence of honeybee proteins in Varroa are discussed.
