Q112453035
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The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on oxidative stress indices in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The test was completed after 14 days. The tested concentrations were 50, 100 and 500 µg/L of SMX. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and lipid peroxidation were investigated to determine the effects of SMX on oxidative stress in zebrafish. Lipid peroxidation gradually increased slightly (but non-significantly) at all tested concentrations during the test as compared to the control. The evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers showed no significant changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in any experimental group exposed to SMX as compared to the control. The gradual increase in lipid peroxidation after 3 and 14 days in the SMX treated groups as compared to the control group indicates increasing cell membrane damage.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. They are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. The most used NSAIDs include ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen and ketoprofen. Due to their excessive use and insufficient disposal in wastewater treatment plants, through which the active substances of medicinal products, their degradation products and metabolites can pass, surface water pollution occurs. This fact may have a negative impact on aquatic organisms. It was found that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can in increased concentration cause oxidative stress, damage to the liver, gills and kidneys and cause reproductive disorders in fish. They also negatively affect aquatic invertebrates, representatives of producers (phytoplankton) and destruents (bacteria), in which they have an inhibitory effect on growth and reproduction. The present review summarizes the existing knowledge regarding the occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the aquatic environment and their effects on aquatic organisms.
Due to the fact that plastic pollution is a global environmental problem of modern age, studies on the impact of these synthetic materials on aquatic, and especially fish organisms, are an important part of the ecosystem and human nutrition. In our study, the toxicity of pristine polyethylene (PE) microparticles (approx. 50 μm) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was tested in three different dietary concentrations - 0.5%, 2% and 5%. After six weeks of exposure, various health indices were evaluated. Electron microscopy of the intestine revealed the disintegration of PE particles to <5 μm in size, and thus we concluded that microplastics are able to reach tissues. The haematological profile revealed changes in total red blood cells count and haematocrit (5% PE) which could be associated with spleen congestion observed histologically. The marker of lipid peroxidation was increased in gills suggesting the disruption of balance in antioxidant enzymes capacity and histopathological imaging revealed inflammation in higher PE concentrations. In addition, ammonia was decreased and calcium elevated in biochemical profile, confirming the gill damage. Electron microscopy of the gills showed lesions of lamellae and visible rings around the mucinous cell opening indicating their higher activity. Another injured was the liver tissue, as confirmed by hepatodystrophies and increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes in 2% PE. Impaired innate immunity was confirmed by an increased presence of mucinous cells and a decrease in leukocytes. Kidney damage manifested itself by higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathology. The damage in gills, liver and kidney together correlated with the increased antioxidant capacity of plasma. In conclusion, PE microparticles are able to affect health indices of O. mykiss. The potential problem for aquatic ecosystems and even human consumption should be considered.
In the present study, the effect of polycyclic musk compound tonalide (AHTN) in two concentrations was studied in male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). A feeding trial was conducted with AHTN incorporated into feed granules. One concentration was environmentally relevant (854 µg/kg); the second one was 10× higher (8699 µg/kg). The fish were fed twice a day with the amount of feed at 1 % of their body weight. After an acclimatization period, the experimental phase in duration of six weeks followed. At the end of the experiment, fish were sampled and the biometrical data were recorded. Subsequently, hematological and biochemical tests, histopathological examination, analysis of oxidative stress markers and evaluation of endocrine disruption using plasma vitellogenin were performed. In conclusion, an increase of hematocrit for both AHTN concentrations was found, but no significant changes were observed in biochemical profile. Moreover, AHTN caused lipid peroxidation in caudal kidney tissue, which was confirmed by histopathological images. The long-lasting AHTN exposure could thus be harmful for maintaining homeostasis in the rainbow trout organism. However, the vitellogenin concentration seemed not to be affected by AHTN.
- MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory toxicita MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné mononenasycené toxicita MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- Oncorhynchus mykiss krev metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- rybí proteiny krev MeSH
- tetrahydronaftaleny toxicita MeSH
- vitelogeniny krev MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- žábry účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
