Q120584395 Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Passive sampling techniques have been increasingly used to evaluate pollution of various environmental compartments. In many studies, fish and other aquatic biota have been monitored to assess the bioavailable fraction of pollutants. This review discusses the potential of two types of passive sampling devices (SPMD and Chemcatcher), which may serve as an efficient tool for monitoring of environmental pollutants, such as organochlorine pesticides (OCP), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in river waters, sediments and soil. Purification of SPMD extracts was performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). For identification and quantification GC/MS was used. Passive sampling devices are suitable tools for routine monitoring of environmental pollution enabling the examination of environmental matrices without repeated sampling and analyzing high water volumes.
Three alternative procedures were employed for the isolation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 15 of 16 US EPA priority pollutants and benzo[e]pyrene), their methyl-derivatives and sulphur analogues from fish tissue: (1) Soxhlet extraction, (2) batch extraction enhanced by sonication, and (3) saponification of the sample followed by re-extraction of analytes into hexane. Soxhlet extraction using hexane-acetone (1:1, v/v) was the most efficient extraction technique, with analyte recoveries in the range 70-108%. Within optimization of the clean-up step, several types of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) systems were tested: two types of polystyrene divinylbenzene copolymer gels (PSDVB), both 'soft' gel type (Bio-Beads S-X3) and 'rigid' gels type (PL gel and Envirogel) in combination with various mobile phases were compared. Bio-Beads S-X3 and mobile phase chloroform were the most appropriate for purifying of crude extracts before the final determinative step. High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection (HPLC/FLD) was used for identification and quantification of PAHs in purified fish extracts. The uncertainties of PAHs measurements were estimated by employing two alternative approaches. Both provided similar results: the expanded uncertainties obtained for individual PAHs by the 'top-down' approach were in the range 9-53%, their values resulting from application of the 'bottom-up' approach were in the range 16-52%.
- MeSH
- chloroform MeSH
- gelová chromatografie metody MeSH
- indikátory a reagencie MeSH
- karcinogeny životního prostředí analýza MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- mutageny analýza MeSH
- noxy analýza MeSH
- Perciformes MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- polystyreny MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- rybí výrobky analýza MeSH
- vibrace ultrazvukové MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- Cyprinidae MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory MeSH
- fenoly analýza MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- játra enzymologie MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- pyreny analýza MeSH
- řeky MeSH
- rtuť analýza MeSH
- svaly chemie MeSH
- testosteron analogy a deriváty krev MeSH
- vitelogeniny krev MeSH
- žluč MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
