BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the products of incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of various organic materials. Their ubiquity in the environment leads to measurable levels of exposure. However, the exposure varies strongly between different regions in Europe. Some PAHs with four or more rings are suspected to be human carcinogens. Therefore, the occupational and/or environmental exposure to PAHs may cause a significant health risk. The aim of investigation is to evaluate current levels of PAH exposure in defined groups of workers. METHODS: The industrial sites selected in this survey involved PAHs originating from coal tar pitch, carbon black, bitumen and rubber fumes. Based on the historical data, the sites were expected to exhibit quantifiable levels of exposure to PAHs. The total study population consisted of 139 persons: 108 (85 male and 23 female) workers were occupationally exposed in aluminum production, the production of graphite electrodes, road construction, or the rubber forming industry and 28 control individuals in two groups. RESULTS: The total 8 h time-weighted average (TWA) levels (sum of 16 components according to the EPA list) ranged from 0.2 to 773.7 μg.m(-3) (mean 26.7 μg.m(-3); 95th percentile 123.3 μg.m(-3)). The highest concentrations, as expected, were found in the aluminum production plant and production of graphite electrodes. The lowest concentrations were found in personal air samples of road construction workers. The concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene as a pyrene metabolite in the urine of the exposed group of workers were found in levels between 0.11-1.26 μmol.mol(-1) creatinine before the exposure, and in the levels between 0.12-4.25 μmol.mol(-1) creatinine after the exposure 1-OHP concentrations in post-shift urine samples were highly correlated with the total airborne PAHs concentrations and pyrene concentrations in air. The correlation coefficients (r) between 1-OHP concentration and pyrene or total PAHs in air were 0.710 and 0.752 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This statistical analysis confirmed the effect of the occupational exposure to PAHs and pyrene on the body burden of workers. However, a modifying effect of sex, smoking habits, dietary intake, genetically modified metabolism, and the use of medication on the toxikokinetics of pyrene was not determined as significant.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• pracovní expozice analýza   MeSH
• průmysl MeSH
• pyreny analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is a serious hazard for human health. 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-HOP), a major metabolite of pyrene, is used as a biomarker for the assessment of an exposure to PAH. The article deals with the validation of the HPLC determination of 1-HOP with fluorescence detection. 1-HOP was isolated from urine by solid phase extraction. The detection and quantification limits are 0.08 and 0.26 g l–1, respectively. RSD of precision and accuracy are lower than 9.8 %. The recoveries are 78.8–93.5 %. This method can be used to determine and monitor the urinary 1-HOP in workers exposed to PAH.

• MeSH
• biologické markery * analýza   chemie   MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické MeSH
• fluorescenční mikroskopie metody   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   chemie   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * analýza   metabolismus   moč   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pyreny * analýza   moč   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie * metody   využití   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kožní absorpce MeSH
• kůže MeSH
• permeabilita MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• pyreny analýza   farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• ušní boltec MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Soil organic matter is used to extrapolate the toxicity and bioavailability of organic pollutants between different soils. However, it has been shown that other factors such as microbial activity are crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate if sterilization can reduce differences in the fate and bioavailability of organic pollutants between different soils. Three natural soils with increasing total organic carbon (TOC) content were collected and three artificial soils were prepared to obtain similar TOCs. Soils were sterilized and spiked with (14)C-pyrene and (14)C-lindane. Total (14)C radioactivity, HPCD extractability, and bioaccumulation in Eisenia fetida were measured over 56 days. When compared to non-sterile soils, differences between the natural and artificial soils and the influence of soil-contaminant contact time were generally reduced in the sterile soils (especially with middle TOC). The results indicate the possibility of using sterile soils as "the worst case scenario" in soil ecotoxicity studies.

• MeSH
• hexachlorcyklohexan analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• Oligochaeta metabolismus   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• pyreny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Goeckerman therapy (GT) for psoriasis is based on cutaneous application of crude coal tar [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)] and exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). PAH and UVR are mutagenic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic agents that promote apoptosis. METHODS: We evaluated dermal absorption of PAH as well as the genotoxic and apoptotic effects of GT in 20 patients with psoriasis, by determining numbers of chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral lymphocytes, and levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), p53 protein and soluble FasL (sFasL) in urine and/or blood, before and after GT. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score was used to evaluate clinical efficacy of GT. RESULTS: Compared with pre-treatment levels, there was a significant increase in urine 1-OHP, indicating a high degree of dermal absorption of PAH (P < 0.01). We also found a significant increase in the number of chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes (P < 0.001), suggesting that GT is genotoxic; significantly increased p53 protein in plasma (P < 0.05), an indicator of cell response to DNA damage; and significantly increased sFasL in serum (P < 0.01), an indicator of apoptosis. The PASI score was significantly decreased after GT (P < 0.001), confirming clinical benefit of this treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate high dermal absorption of PAH during GT and provide evidence that GT promotes genotoxicity and apoptosis.

• MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• chromozomální aberace chemicky indukované   MeSH
• dehet uhelný škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kožní absorpce MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligand Fas krev   MeSH
• lymfocyty patologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 krev   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• poškození DNA MeSH
• psoriáza farmakoterapie   radioterapie   terapie   MeSH
• pyreny analýza   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• terapie ultrafialovými paprsky škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Optimum conditions for the determination of carcinogenic 1-nitropyrene (NP) and 1-aminopyrene (AP) by differential pulse voltammetry with a boron-doped diamond film electrode were found ? aqueous-methanolic (3:7) Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 3), scan rate 20 mV s–1, pulse duration 100 ms, pulse amplitude ?50 mV (NP) and 50 mV (AP). The regeneration in NP determination was carried out before analysis by switching fifty-times between the potentials 800 mV and –500 mV every 0.3 s. In determination of AP, no regeneration was needed. The limits of quantification were 8·10–7 and 2·10–7 mol dm?3 for NP and AP, respectively.

• MeSH
• elektrochemie metody   MeSH
• elektrody MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• pyreny analýza   MeSH

A method for the determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine and hexachlorbenzene in water applying the regression triplet in the calibration procedure of chromatographic data has been applied. The detection limit and quantification limit are currently calculated on the basis of the standard deviation of replicate analyses at a single concentration. However, since the standard deviation depends on concentration, these single-concentration techniques result in limits that are directly dependent on spiking concentration. A more rigorous approach requires first careful attention to the three components of the regression triplet (data, model, method), examining (1) the data quality of the proposed model, (2) the model quality and (3) the least-squares method to be used for fulfilment of all least-squares assumptions. For high-performance liquid chromatography determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine and gas chromatography analysis of hexachlorbenzene in water, this paper describes the effects of deviations from five basic assumptions The paper considers the correction of deviations: identifying influential points, namely, outliers, the calibration task depends on the regression model used, and the least-squares method is based on the assumptions of the normality of the errors, homoscedasticity and the independence of errors. Results show that the approach developed provides improved estimates of analytical limits and that the single-concentration approaches currently in wide use are seriously flawed.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• chromatografie plynová metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• elektrochemie MeSH
• elektrony MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hexachlorcyklohexan analýza   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• moč chemie   MeSH
• pyreny analýza   MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• Cyprinidae MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• játra enzymologie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• pyreny analýza   MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• rtuť analýza   MeSH
• svaly chemie   MeSH
• testosteron analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• vitelogeniny krev   MeSH
• žluč MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• chromatografie metody   MeSH
• fenantreny analýza   metabolismus   moč   MeSH
• herbicidy analýza   chemie   MeSH
• hygiena MeSH
• laboratoře MeSH
• pyreny analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• znečištění vody MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• Cyprinidae fyziologie   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• mutageny analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky toxicita   MeSH
• pyreny analýza   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH