Objective.Understanding how the retina converts a natural image or an electrically stimulated one into neural firing patterns is the focus of on-going research activities.Ex vivo, the retina can be readily investigated using multi electrode arrays (MEAs). However, MEA recording and stimulation from an intact retina (in the eye) has been so far insufficient.Approach.In the present study, we report new soft carbon electrode arrays suitable for recording and stimulating neural activity in an intact retina. Screen-printing of carbon ink on 20μm polyurethane (PU) film was used to realize electrode arrays with electrodes as small as 40μm in diameter. Passivation was achieved with a holey membrane, realized using laser drilling in a thin (50μm) PU film. Plasma polymerized 3.4-ethylenedioxythiophene was used to coat the electrode array to improve the electrode specific capacitance. Chick retinas, embryonic stage day 13, both explanted and intact inside an enucleated eye, were used.Main results.A novel fabrication process based on printed carbon electrodes was developed and yielded high capacitance electrodes on a soft substrate.Ex vivoelectrical recording of retina activity with carbon electrodes is demonstrated. With the addition of organic photo-capacitors, simultaneous photo-electrical stimulation and electrical recording was achieved. Finally, electrical activity recordings from an intact chick retina (inside enucleated eyes) were demonstrated. Both photosensitive retinal ganglion cell responses and spontaneous retina waves were recorded and their features analyzed.Significance.Results of this study demonstrated soft electrode arrays with unique properties, suitable for simultaneous recording and photo-electrical stimulation of the retina at high fidelity. This novel electrode technology opens up new frontiers in the study of neural tissuein vivo.
- MeSH
- Electric Stimulation methods MeSH
- Microelectrodes MeSH
- Retina * physiology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
An electrochemical immunoassay for neopterin was developed using recently produced specific antibodies immobilized to protein A-coated magnetic beads in combination with differential pulse voltammetry and screen-printed array of electrodes. Neopterin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate was used as label in a competitive assay format. Multiplexed analysis of neopterin was demonstrated by replacing the traditional ELISA with electrochemical detection and the traditional plastic wells with screen-printed array of electrodes. The optimized electrochemical method, based on polyclonal antibodies, reached a limit of detection of 0.008 ng/mL with an average RSD %=10. Serum samples collected from patients with sepsis, healthy volunteers and other patients without a confirmed clinical diagnosis were also analyzed. The obtained results, compared with those of a commercial ELISA kit, had a significant correlation, showing the possibility to distinguish among the serum samples from ill or healthy subjects.
- MeSH
- Biomarkers MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques * MeSH
- Electrochemical Techniques MeSH
- Electrodes MeSH
- Immobilized Proteins immunology MeSH
- Immunoassay MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neopterin analysis blood immunology MeSH
- Antibodies immunology MeSH
- Sepsis blood MeSH
- Inflammation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
... XII -- Contents -- 1.6 Immunosensors Design 23 -- 1.6.1 Immobilization Procedures 23 -- 1.7 Sensor Arrays ... ... Co-Immobilization Techniques for the -- Design of the Glucose Biosensors 132 -- 6.56.16 Utilization of Screen-Printed ... ... Sensor Arrays in Bioanalysis 210 -- 11.2.1 Ion-Selective Electrode Arrays 210 -- 11.2.2 Gas Sensor Arrays ... ... 211 -- 11.2.3 ISFET Arrays 212 -- 11.2.4 Biosensor Arrays 213 -- 11.2.5 Electronic Noses 215 -- 11.2.6 ... ... Microelectrode Arrays 218 -- 11.3 The Selection of the Optimum Sensor Array 221 -- References 222 -- ...
288 s.
... Molecules, 45 Genetic Structures, 45 Cells and Biological Structures, 45 Composite Detectors and Arrays ... ... , 45 Linear Detector Arrays, 45 Area Arrays, 45 Volume Detectors Arrays, 46 Electronic Portal Dosimetry ... ... Media, 66 Scatter as Unwanted Background, 66 Antiscatter Grid, 66 Planar Imaging, 67 -- Film and Screen ... ... for Imaging, 81 Derivation of an Ultrasound Image, 82 Brightness Mode Ultrasound Imaging, 82 Linear Array ... ... Patient Immobilisation, 153 Thermoplastic Shells, 153 Patient Head Shells, 154 Three Dimensional Printing ...
Eighth edition xxiii, 615 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- Neoplasms radiotherapy MeSH
- Nuclear Medicine methods MeSH
- Radiotherapy methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Textbook MeSH
- Conspectus
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NML Fields
- radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
- onkologie
- NML Publication type
- kolektivní monografie
... 2 stands Are Associated with Many Genes in Mammals : - : ^printing Is Based on DNA Methylation ¦fr: - ... ... -- Classical Genetics Begins by Disrupting a Cell Process by -- Random Mutagenesis 485 -- Genetic Screens ... ... Filament Dynamics Severing Proteins Regulate Actin Filament Depolymerization Higher-Order Actin Filament Arrays ...
Sixth edition xxxiv, 1430 stran v různém stránkování : ilustrace (převážně barevné) ; 29 cm
- MeSH
- Cells * MeSH
- Molecular Biology MeSH
- Conspectus
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NML Fields
- molekulární biologie, molekulární medicína
- NML Publication type
- učebnice vysokých škol
