The asymmetrical distribution of the cellular organelles inside the cell is maintained by a group of cell polarity proteins. The maintenance of polarity is one of the vital host defense mechanisms against pathogens, and the loss of it contributes to infection facilitation and cancer progression. Studies have suggested that infection of viruses and bacteria alters cell polarity. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus are group I carcinogens involved in the progression of multiple clinical conditions besides gastric cancer (GC) and Burkitt's lymphoma, respectively. Moreover, the coinfection of both these pathogens contributes to a highly aggressive form of GC. H. pylori and EBV target the host cell polarity complexes for their pathogenesis. H. pylori-associated proteins like CagA, VacA OipA, and urease were shown to imbalance the cellular homeostasis by altering the cell polarity. Similarly, EBV-associated genes LMP1, LMP2A, LMP2B, EBNA3C, and EBNA1 also contribute to altered cell asymmetry. This review summarized all the possible mechanisms involved in cell polarity deformation in H. pylori and EBV-infected epithelial cells. We have also discussed deregulated molecular pathways like NF-κB, TGF-β/SMAD, and β-catenin in H. pylori, EBV, and their coinfection that further modulate PAR, SCRIB, or CRB polarity complexes in epithelial cells.

• MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori * genetika   MeSH
• infekce virem Epsteina-Barrové * mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koinfekce * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory žaludku * genetika   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• polarita buněk MeSH
• virové proteiny MeSH
• virus Epsteinův-Barrové genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Cancer, an intricate and multifaceted disease, is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can lead to serious health complications and ultimately death. Conventional therapeutic strategies mainly target rapidly dividing cancer cells, but often indiscriminately harm healthy cells in the process. As a result, there is a growing interest in exploring novel therapies that are both effective and less toxic to normal cells. Herbs have long been used as natural remedies for various diseases and conditions. Some herbal compounds exhibit potent anti-cancer properties, making them potential candidates for nutraceutical-based treatments. However, despite their promising efficacy, there are considerable limitations in utilizing herbal preparations due to their poor solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism and excretion, as well as potential interference with other medications. Nanotechnology offers a unique platform to overcome these challenges by encapsulating herbal compounds within nanoparticles. This approach not only increases solubility and stability but also enhances the cellular uptake of nutraceuticals, allowing for controlled and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents directly at tumor sites. By harnessing the power of nanotechnology-enabled therapy, this new frontier in cancer treatment presents an opportunity to minimize toxicity while maximizing efficacy. In conclusion, this manuscript provides compelling evidence for integrating nanotechnology with nutraceuticals derived from herbal sources to optimize cancer therapy outcomes. We explore the roadblocks associated with traditional herbal treatments and demonstrate how nanotechnology can help circumvent these issues, paving the way for safer and more effective cancer interventions in future oncological practice.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Thiosemicarbazones are known for their biological and pharmacological activities. In this study, we have synthesized and characterized 3-Methoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-MBTSc) and 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (4-NBTSc) using IR, 1HNMR and 13C NMR. The compound's in vitro anticancer activities against different cell lines were evaluated. Molecular docking, Insilco ADMET, and drug-likeness prediction were also done. The test compounds showed a comparative IC50 and growth inhibition with the standard drug Doxorubicin. The IC50 ranges from 2.82 µg/mL to 14.25 µg/mL in 3-MBTSc and 2.80 µg/mL to 7.59 µg/mL in 4-NBTSc treated cells. The MTT assay result revealed, 3-MBTSc inhibits 50.42 and 50.31 percent of cell growth in B16-F0 and EAC cell lines, respectively. The gene expression showed that tumor suppressor genes such as PTEN and BRCA1 are significantly upregulated in 7.42 and 5.33 folds, and oncogenes, PKC, and RAS are downregulated -7.96 and -7.64 folds, respectively in treated cells. The molecular docking performed on the four targeted proteins (PARP, VEGFR-1, TGF-β1, and BRAFV600E) indicated that both 4-NBTSc and 3-MBTSc potentially bind to TGF-β1 with the best binding energy of -42.34 Kcal/mol and -32.13 Kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, the test compound possesses desirable ADMET and drug-likeness properties. Overall, both 3-MBTSc and 4-NBTSc have the potential to be multitargeting drug candidates for further study. Moreover, 3-MBTSc showed better activity than 4-NBTSc.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The detection of HPV infection and microbial colonization in cervical lesions is currently done through PCR-based viral or bacterial DNA amplification. Our objective was to develop a methodology to expand the metaproteomic landscape of cervical disease and determine if protein biomarkers from both human and microbes could be detected in distinct cervical samples. This would lead to the development of multi-species proteomics, which includes protein-based lateral flow diagnostics that can define patterns of microbes and/or human proteins relevant to disease status. In this study, we collected both non-frozen tissue biopsy and exfoliative non-fixed cytology samples to assess the consistency of detecting human proteomic signatures between the cytology and biopsy samples. Our results show that proteomics using biopsies or cytologies can detect both human and microbial organisms. Across patients, Lumican and Galectin-1 were most highly expressed human proteins in the tissue biopsy, whilst IL-36 and IL-1RA were most highly expressed human proteins in the cytology. We also used mass spectrometry to assess microbial proteomes known to reside based on prior 16S rRNA gene signatures. Lactobacillus spp. was the most highly expressed proteome in patient samples and specific abundant Lactobacillus proteins were identified. These methodological approaches can be used in future metaproteomic clinical studies to interrogate the vaginal human and microbiome structure and metabolic diversity in cytologies or biopsies from the same patients who have pre-invasive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive cervical cancer, as well as in healthy controls to assess how human and pathogenic proteins may correlate with disease presence and severity.

• MeSH
• biologické markery * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• cervix uteri * mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• galektin 1 metabolismus   analýza   genetika   MeSH
• Lactobacillus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lumican MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku patologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• proteomika * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH