Wine grape marcs Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The main by-product of wine-making is grape marc. With proper treatment, grape marc may return to the vineyard as a fertiliser. This study deals with the vermicomposting of grape marc in a continuous feeding system in outdoor conditions for more than 12 months. The N-NH4+, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and N-NH4+/N-NO3- contents were greater in the top layers. The pH value was about 8 in all the layers. The electrical conductivity was the greatest in the bottom layer. The ion-exchange capacity did not modify significantly during vermicomposting. The microbial biomass was the greatest in the upper layer, as well as the number and the biomass of the earthworms. The process of vermicomposting seems to be an ideal way of processing residues from the winemaking industry. This vermicompost has very good properties for use as a fertiliser, and for returning the nutrients and organic matter to the soil, for example, in a vineyard.
A microscale discontinuous fermenter was used for anaerobic digestion of wine waste - a hardly gasifiable feedstock material. Efficiency of biogas production, i.e. changes in content of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and methane in gas phase, was monitored by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography/high resolution tandem mass spectrometry in combination with principal component analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structures was used to reveal main chemical differences of gasified wine waste mixture from commonly used ones in agricultural biogas plants. Compounds with particular polyphenolic structures appeared among the most distinctive markers. Analysis of samples collected during acidogenic phase and unstabilized methanogenesis indicates formation of certain dihydro-flavonoids in early stages of the process and their consequent degradation. Due to formerly described higher toxicity of some dihydroflavonoids (e.g. taxifolin) compared to their more common counterparts (e.g. quercetin, malvidin etc.), unstabilized digestate would represent a potential environmental risk when used as a fertilizer deserving a proper control.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- biopaliva analýza MeSH
- bioreaktory MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody MeSH
- dusík analýza MeSH
- methan analýza MeSH
- odpadky - odstraňování metody MeSH
- polyfenoly chemie metabolismus MeSH
- potravinářský průmysl MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva analýza MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- Vitis chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
