Intramurálna disekcia pažeráka je zriedkavé ochorenie, ktoré svojimi dramatickými príznakmi môže imitovať perforáciu pažeráka. Na rozdiel od nej je intramurálna disekcia pažeráka charakteristická benígnym priebehom s priaznivou prognózou a nízkou mortalitou. V terapii intramurálnej disekcie dominuje konzervatívna liečba. Indikáciou na operačnú revíziu sú komplikácie tohto ochorenia a perzistencia obtiaží napriek konzervatívnej liečbe. Radikálne riešenie vo forme ezofagektómie je indikované hlavne u pacientov s komplikáciami perforácie pažeráka. Kolektív autorov predstavuje kazuistiky dvoch pacientiek, pri ktorých napriek nepotvrdenej perforácii pažeráka považoval ezofagektómiu za indikovanú.

The intramural esophageal dissection is a rare condition with benign course, good prognosis and low mortality. It is difficult to differentiate it from an esophageal perforation at the presentation time. The conservative therapy should be considered as the treatment of choice in most cases. Complications such as esophageal perforation, massive bleeding or persistence of the symptoms are well accepted indications for surgical procedure. Radical treatment in the form of esophagectomy is extremely rare and it is usually indicated only for patients with complicated esophageal perforation. The authors offer two cases with female patients suffering from the intramural esophageal dissection who were indicated for esophagectomy without any proven esophageal perforation.

• Klíčová slova
• intramurální disekcie jícnu,
• MeSH
• chybná diagnóza MeSH
• ezofagektomie MeSH
• ezofágoskopie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci jícnu * diagnóza   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• perforace jícnu * diagnóza   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• poruchy polykání MeSH
• stenóza jícnu * diagnóza   chirurgie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

V práci sa autori zaoberajú klinickými prejavmi, diagnostikou, liečbou a prognózou zriedkavého ochorenia - spontánneho mediastína. Poukazujú na nejednotné názory jednotlivých pracovísk na jeho diagnostiku a liečbu, čo je dané predovšetkým jeho zriedkavým výskytom. Prezentujú aj vlastné skúsenosti s piatimi pacientmi s týmto ochorením.

The paper is a review of clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, as well as prognosis of a rare condition - spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Due to its low incidence, the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches may vary significantly throughout different centers. The authors discuss the necessity of adequate diagnostic and therapeutic measures and present five cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mediastinální emfyzém etiologie   radiografie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Inflammation and immunity belong to the main factors influencing tumor growth. In this study, we attempted to identify a profile of biomarkers associated with gliomas. We found decreased serum levels of sTREM-1 (soluble triggering receptor expressed on myelocytes) and increased levels of IL-10 in all grades of glioma patients in comparison with healthy controls (sTREM-1: grade II: p=0.0051, grade III: p=0.02, grade IV: p=0.01; IL-10: grade II: p=0.0017, grade III: p=0.03, grade IV: p=0.007). However, we did not find any combination of tested markers with good sensitivity and specificity in grades II and III of glioma patients to discriminate them from healthy controls. In grade IV glioma patients, two sets of markers showed promising results in distinguishing patients from healthy people. For the first set consisting of four selected markers, sTREM-1, sHLA-G, BDNF, and IL-13, the ROC curves indicate a good discriminatory capability for glioblastoma patients (AUC=0.9510). The best discriminatory capability for glioblastoma patients (AUC=0.9534) was found for the second set consisting of three selected markers sTREM-1, sHLA-G, and BDNF with 79.2% sensitivity and 94.1% specificity.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• glioblastom * MeSH
• gliom * MeSH
• interleukin-10 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozkový neurotrofický faktor MeSH
• receptor TREM-1 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

HLA-G is an immune checkpoint molecule with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities, and its expression and level of its soluble form (sHLA-G) may play an important role in tumor prognosis. The HLA-G 14bp ins/del polymorphism and the plasma level of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) were investigated by a polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively, in 59 glioma patients. A significantly higher proportion of glioma patients had the 14 nt insert in both homozygous and heterozygous states compared to the control group. Glioma patients also had higher plasma levels of sHLA-G. Patients with methylated MGMT promoters had lower levels of sHLA-G than those with unmethylated MGMT promoters. The level of sHLA-G negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients. Glioblastoma patients who survived more than one year after diagnosis had lower levels of sHLA-G than those surviving less than one year. Patients with sHLA-G levels below the cut-off value of 40 U/mL survived significantly longer than patients with sHLA-G levels above 40 U/mL. The levels of sHLA-G were also negatively correlated with the level of IL-6 (p = 0.0004) and positively with IL-10/IL-6 (p = 0.046). Conclusion: The presence of the 14 nt insert in both homozygous and heterozygous states of the HLA-G 14bp ins/del polymorphism is more frequent in glioma patients and the elevated plasma levels of sHLA-G are negatively associated with their survival.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH