OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to gather an international consensus group to propose a global definition and diagnostic approach of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) to guide primary care and specialist physicians in the management of LPR. METHODS: Forty-eight international experts (otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, surgeons, and physiologists) were included in a modified Delphi process to revise 48 statements about definition, clinical presentation, and diagnostic approaches to LPR. Three voting rounds determined a consensus statement to be acceptable when 80% of experts agreed with a rating of at least 8/10. Votes were anonymous and the analyses of voting rounds were performed by an independent statistician. RESULTS: After the third round, 79.2% of statements (N = 38/48) were approved. LPR was defined as a disease of the upper aerodigestive tract resulting from the direct and/or indirect effects of gastroduodenal content reflux, inducing morphological and/or neurological changes in the upper aerodigestive tract. LPR is associated with recognized non-specific laryngeal and extra-laryngeal symptoms and signs that can be evaluated with validated patient-reported outcome questionnaires and clinical instruments. The hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH testing can suggest the diagnosis of LPR when there is >1 acid, weakly acid or nonacid hypopharyngeal reflux event in 24 h. CONCLUSION: A global consensus definition for LPR is presented to improve detection and diagnosis of the disease for otolaryngologists, pulmonologists, gastroenterologists, surgeons, and primary care practitioners. The approved statements are offered to improve collaborative research by adopting common and validated diagnostic approaches to LPR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 Laryngoscope, 134:1614-1624, 2024.
- MeSH
- elektrická impedance MeSH
- laryngofaryngeální reflux * diagnóza MeSH
- larynx * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování jícnového pH MeSH
- otorinolaryngologové MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Mulberry-like changes of the posterior inferior nasal turbinate (MPINT) can lead to nasal obstruction. Extraesophageal reflux (EER) characterized by lower pH causes mucosal inflammation and therefore can contribute to sinonasal pathologies. No prior studies have objectively examined the possible association between acidic pH and MPINT formation. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the 24-h pharyngeal pH value in patients with MPINT. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case-control multi-center study. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with chronic EER symptoms were included in the study. They filled in questionnaires aimed at reflux and sinonasal symptoms (RSI®, SNOT-22) and underwent video endoscopy evaluating the laryngeal findings (RFS®) and the presence or absence of the MPINT. And, 24-h oropharyngeal pH monitoring was used to detect the acidic pH environment in the pharynx. RESULTS: Out of the 55 analyzed patients, 38 had the MPINT (group 1), and in 17 patients, the MPINT was absent (group 2). Based on the pathological RYAN Score, in 29 (52.7%) patients, severe acidic pH drops were detected. In group 1, the acidic pH drops were diagnosed significantly more often (68.4%) compared with those in group 2 (p = 0.001). Moreover, in group 1, a significantly higher median total percentage of time spent below pH 5.5 (p = 0.005), as well as a higher median number of events lasting more than 5 min (p = 0.006), and higher median total number of events with pH drops (p = 0.017) were observed. CONCLUSION: In this study, the MPINT was significantly more often present in patients with acidic pH events detected by 24-h oropharyngeal pH monitoring. Acidic pH in the pharynx might lead to MPINT formation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:62-68, 2024.
- MeSH
- farynx MeSH
- gastroezofageální reflux * diagnóza MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Morus * MeSH
- nosní skořepy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Dysfagie (porucha polykání) se může vyskytovat v různých fázích života. V některých případech může být jen dočasná, zatímco v jiných případech může přetrvávat od dětského věku až do dospělosti. Považujeme proto za důležité, aby s danou problematikou byli obeznámeni jak praktičtí lékaři pro děti i dorost, tak i praktičtí lékaři zabezpečující péči u dospělých pacientů a osob ve stáří. Dysfagie vždy znamená závažný stav spojený se značnými riziky komplikací a dopady na zdravotní stav pacientů. Příspěvek prezentuje dělení dysfagie, etiologii potíží, možnosti diagnostiky a terapie v multidisciplinárním týmu. Představuje speciální pomůcky využívané v terapii dysfagie a pro bezpečný příjem stravy a tekutin.
Dysphagia (swallowing disorder) can occur at different stages of life. In some cases it may only be temporary, while in other cases it may persist from childhood into adulthood. Therefore we consider it important that both general practitioners for children and adolescents, as well as general practitioners providing care for adult patients and the elderly, are familiar with this issue. Dysphagia always means a serious condition associated with significant risks of complications and consequences for patients' health. The article presents the division of dysphagia, the etiology of the disorder, the possibilities of diagnosis and therapy in a multidisciplinary team. It presents special aids used in dysphagia therapy and for safe intake of food and fluids.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pomůcky pro sebeobsluhu MeSH
- poruchy polykání * diagnóza klasifikace terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The interplay between dysphagia, cancer, and mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) has not been carefully studied. The aim of this study was to investigate possible effect modification of cancer on the association between dysphagia and mortality in early IIM. METHODS: A multi-center cohort of 230 adult IIM patients with dysphagia assessment within 6 months of disease onset was assembled. Crude mortality rates in IIM patients exposed or not to dysphagia were estimated for the 5-year period following cohort entry. To explore possible effect modification of cancer on the association between dysphagia and mortality, adjusted Cox models stratified on cancer status were performed as well as an interaction model. RESULTS: Mortality rates per 100 person-years for IIM patients exposed to dysphagia were 2.3 (95 %CI 1.0 to 4.5) in those without cancer compared to 33.3 (95 %CI 16.6 to 59.5) in those with cancer. In stratified Cox models, the main effect of dysphagia was HR 0.5 (95 %CI 0.2 to 1.5) in non-cancer and 3.1 (95 %CI 1.0 to 10.2) in cancer patients. In the interaction model, the combination of dysphagia and cancer yielded a HR of 6.4 (1.2 to 35.1). CONCLUSION: In this IIM cohort, dysphagia in non-cancer patients was not associated with increased mortality, while it was in presence of cancer, supporting effect modification of cancer on the association between dysphagia and mortality. This suggests that IIM patients with and without cancer differ and separate analyses for the two groups should be conducted when the outcome of interest is mortality.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myozitida * komplikace MeSH
- nádory * komplikace MeSH
- poruchy polykání * komplikace MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Geriatric syndromes involving instability are associated with a higher risk of further complications in patients with trauma requiring subsequent surgery. Acute stroke symptoms require prompt recognition and initiation of reperfusion treatment. This case study describes the patient's stroke symptoms in a timeline and explores the benefit of objective assessment using screening tests and their importance in the differential diagnosis in nursing. Dysphagia is one of the stroke symptoms that can lead to aspiration pneumonia and increase the risk of mortality. This article aims to inform general nurses about the importance of early recognition of dysphagia and other stroke symptoms using adequate screening tests to ensure quality care. Geriatric syndromes encompass instability, resulting in a higher risk of complications, especially in trauma patients. This case study describes a patient with acute ischemic stroke with vague and unrecognized symptoms of dysphagia and explores the rationale for objective screening tests in nursing care.
BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis (MS), dysphagia is an important and common clinical symptom. Although often overlooked and underdiagnosed, it can have a significant impact on a patient's life, including social integration, and it can lead to malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and suffocation, i.e., life-threatening complications. Early detection of dysphagia is essential to prevent these risks. However, the optimal screening method and the inter-relationship between different methods used for dysphagia screening are not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of a simple question about swallowing problems, the DYsphagia in MUltiple Sclerosis (DYMUS) swallowing questionnaire, and the Timed Water Swallowing Test (TWST) to detect dysphagia in people with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS: Patients with MS were asked about subjective swallowing difficulties and, regardless of their response, completed the DYMUS questionnaire and underwent the TWST at their routine follow-up visit. Patients with at least one positive screening method were offered an objective assessment of swallowing function using the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). The results were statistically analyzed and correlated with demographic and MS-related parameters. RESULTS: Of the 304 people with RRMS enrolled in the study, 46 (15.1 %) reported having subjective difficulty swallowing when asked a simple question. The DYMUS questionnaire was positive in 59 (19.4 %) of the 304 patients; 51 (16.8 %) had an abnormality on the TWST. A clear correlation (r = 0.351, p < 0.01) was found between the DYMUS and TWST results, but a significant proportion of patients (about half) had an abnormality on only one of these tests. The positivity of at least one of the screening methods used (DYMUS or TWST) had a better chance of identifying a patient with dysphagia than a simple question (p < 0.001). Of the patients with a positive result for difficulty swallowing, 37 underwent FEES, which confirmed dysphagia in 94.6% of this subgroup. Patients with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, female gender, and older age were at higher risk of developing dysphagia. CONCLUSION: The DYMUS questionnaire and TWST had a confirmed potential to identify more patients with dysphagia than a simple question about swallowing problems. However, our study found only a partial overlap between DYMUS and TWST; a combination of these two methods was more sensitive in identifying patients with MS at risk of dysphagia. Furthermore, the screening showed excellent specificity: almost 95 % of the positively screened patients had dysphagia confirmed by objective methods. Age, female gender, and a higher EDSS score appear to be potential risk factors for dysphagia in patients with MS.
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie je jazyková adaptácia diagnostického nástroja s názvom Úroveň narušenia prehĺtania na dynamickom zobrazení (DIGEST), ktorá slúži na jednotné hodnotenie flexibilného endoskopického vyšetrenia prehĺtania (FEES) u nechirurgicky liečených pacientov s tumorom hlavy a krku. Materiál a metodika: Jazyková adaptácia originálnej anglickej verzie DIGEST-FEES bola realizovaná na základe odporúčaní Svetovej zdravotníckej organizácie. Adaptácia pozostávala z prekladu nástroja do cieľového jazyka, odborného panela hodnotiaceho kultúrnu, jazykovú a lingvistickú správnosť prekladu a spätného prekladu do pôvodného jazyka. Výsledky: Na základe validného prekladu bola vytvorená slovenská verzia DIGEST-FEES sk, ktorá je kultúrne, lingvisticky a štrukturálne prispôsobená slovenským podmienkam. Záver: Nový diagnostický nástroj DIGEST-FEES sk verzia 1.1. umožňuje jednotné referovanie deficitov v prehĺtaní u nechirurgicky liečených pacientov s tumorom hlavy a krku a kvantifikované sledovanie zmien prehĺtania v čase.
Objective: The objective of the study is the language adaptation of the diagnostic tool Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST), which aims at the uniform assessment of flexible endoscopic swallowing examination (FEES) in non-surgically treated patients with head and neck tumours. Material and methods: The language adaptation of the original English version of DIGEST-FEES was carried out based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The language adaptation consisted of the translation of the tool into the target language, an expert panel evaluating the cultural and linguistic correctness of the translation and back-translation into the original language. Results: Based on a valid translation, a Slovak version of DIGEST-FEES sk was created, which is culturally, linguistically and structurally adapted to Slovak conditions. Conclusion: New diagnostic tool DIGEST-FEES en version 1.1. enables uniform reporting of swallowing deficits in non-surgically treated head and neck tumour patients, and quantified follow-up of swallowing changes over time.
- Klíčová slova
- digestivní endoskopie, DIGEST-FEES,
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky gastrointestinální klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku komplikace patologie MeSH
- poruchy polykání * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
With technical progress of gastrointestinal functional testing, there has been a demand for more comprehensive examination of esophageal physiology and pathophysiology beyond high-resolution manometry. A new interventional technology based on impedance planimetry, the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP), enables intraluminal measurement of distensibility and compliance of hollow organs. EndoFLIP uses balloon catheters to measure diameter and distension pressure to calculate cross-sectional area and distensibility in different organs (mostly esophagus, stomach, anorectal region) and can be used in wide variety of indications (diagnostics, pre- and post-treatment evaluation) and currently serves as a helpful adjunctive tool in ambiguous clinical cases. EsoFLIP is a therapeutic variation that uses a stiffer balloon catheter allowing for dilation. The trend to simplify the clinical process from diagnosis to treatment tends to a one-session procedure combining diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. In specified conditions like e.g. achalasia or gastroparesis, a combination of EndoFLIP and EsoFLIP procedures may therefore be useful. The aim of this narrative review is to introduce the clinical use of FLIP and its potential benefit in combined diagnostic-therapeutic procedures.
- MeSH
- achalázie jícnu * diagnóza MeSH
- gastrointestinální endoskopie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manometrie metody MeSH
- žaludek MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
