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... Leading Indicator 49 -- The Leading Indicator 49 -- Stationary and Nonstationary Series 49 -- Differencing ... ... Series 57 -- Exponential Smoothing 58 -- ARIMA Models: An Overview 59 -- Autoregression 60 -- Differencing ... ... Plotting the Residuals 82 -- An ARIMA Model for Stock Prices 83 -- Identifying the Model 83 -- Differencing ... ... -- Diagnosis 149 -- Assessing the Intervention 150 -- Alternative Methods 150 -- Predictors in Differenced ...
[1st ed.] xi, 356 s.
Úvod: Přestože se jedná o rutinní výkon, nejsou k dispozici jasné údaje o tom, je-li před hrudní punkcí zapotřebí provést lokální anestezii. Proto jsme realizovali dotazníkovou prospektivní studii, hodnotící bolestivost pleurální punkce, lokální anestezie před punkcí a srovnali ji s jinými typy bolesti, tak jak si je pacienti pamatovali. Metodika: Prospektivní dotazníkové šetření. Soubor pacientů: U 74 nemocných bylo provedeno 81 hrudních punkcí, 45× bez lokální anestezie, 36× s lokálním znecitlivěním. Stran faktorů ovlivňujících bolestivost, nebyl mezi skupinami nalezen rozdíl. Výsledky: Na škále 0–100 bodů byla průměrná hodnota bolestivosti hrudní punkce bez anestezie 17 bodů (SD 11,66, 95% CI 13,52–20,53), bolest samotné lokální anestezie byla hodnocena 15 body (SD 10,32, 95% CI 11,04–18,02). Stran vzpomínek pacientů na jiné typy bolesti: bolest nitrosvalové injekce byla průměrně hodnocena 16 body (SD 11,74, 95% CI 13,19–18,44), bolest při ošetření zubního kazu byla průměrně 51 (SD 24,14, 95% CI 45,65–56,73), bolest při lokální anestezii v dutině ústní byla 30 (SD 20,01, 95% CI 25,07–34,99). Nezdařilo se prokázat, že lokální anestezie před hrudní punkcí je méně bolestivá než hrudní punkce samotná (p = 0,137), bolestivost hrudní punkce vnímají pacienti jako významně menší (p < 0,05) než ošetření zubního kazu či než injekci spojenou s lokální anestezií v dutině ústní. Závěr: Provedení hrudní punkce bez lokální anestezie je dle našich výsledků výkonem lege artis, jedná se ve srovnání s některými jinými rutinně prováděnými výkony o málo bolestivou proceduru. Podání lokální anestezie před hrudní punkcí je ale nutné posoudit individuálně.
Introduction: Although thoracentesis is a routine procedure, there is no clear data as to whether it should be preceded by local anesthesia. Therefore, a prospective questionnaire study was conducted to assess pains asso- ciated with a pleural tap and local anesthesia before it and to compare them with other types of pain as remem- bered by patients. Methods: Prospective questionnaire survey. Patients: In 74 patients, a total of 81 pleural taps were performed (45 without and 36 with local anesthesia). There were no differenced in factors affecting between the groups. Results: On a 0–100 point scale, the mean pain scores were 17 points (SD 11.66, 95% CI 13.52–20.53) for tho- racentesis without anesthesia and 15 points (SD 10.32, 95% CI 11.04–18.02) for local anesthesia itself. The mean pain scores for other types of pain recalled were 16 points (SD 11.74, 95% CI 13.19–18.44) for intramuscular in- jection, 51 points (SD 24.14, 95% CI 45.65–56.73) for dental caries treatment and 30 points (SD 20.01, 95% CI 25.07–34.99) for local anesthesia in the mouth. Thus, local anesthesia before thoracentesis was not less painful than the pleural tap itself (p = 0.137). Patients perceived pain caused by thoracentesis as significantly less intense (p < 0.05) than pains associated with dental caries treatment or local anesthetics injected into the mouth. Conclusion: The result suggest that compared to some other routine procedures, thoracentesis without local anesthesia is little painful. However, the administration of a local anesthetic prior to a pleural tap must be consi- dered individually.
- MeSH
- hrudník MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální anestezie MeSH
- měření bolesti * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pleurální výpotek chirurgie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- punkce * metody škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
The US crack cocaine „epidemic“ can be understood as a moral panic. Unlike prior drug waves, it featured a large proportion of pregnant and mothering women. Central to this period was the image of the „crack baby“ - a physically and emotionally damaged being brought into the world by an irresponsible even reprehensible woman. Currently meth- amphetamine (MA) is the most common drug used by pregnant women admitted into treat- ment in the US accounting for over 25% of all admission. In terms of total numbers, MA use among pregnant women today roughly equals the rate of crack use two decades ago. Unlike crack, there appears to be no moral panic concerning MA in pregnancy. There are no „ice babies“, no federal hearings on perinatal drug use, and no overblown media reports. What accounts for this silence? Is this development „positive“? For example, there is not the unjust removal of „exposé“ newborns with notification child protective services that was part of the crack panic. Or is it „negative“? For example, without public attention are the needs of pregnant MA users going unmet? Have we learned from the mistakes of crack, or is a moral panic needed for policy change? We propose a discussion that will include: 1) what constitutes a moral panic, 2) an analysis of policy formation, 3) popular and scientific literature on both cocaine and MA in order to explore the current absence of a panic surrounding MA use. Mishka Terplan is an OB/Gyn on faculty at the University of Chicago. He has a background in anthropology and a MPH in Epidemiology from the University of North Carolina. His research interests are in drug use in women in general, in pregnancy in particular. His research methods fall into two general categories: 1) systematic reviews and meta-analyses (he has authored the only Cochrane reviews on the efficacy of various treatment interventions for pregnant women in drug and alcohol treatment), and 2) se- condary data analyses of pre-existing, often publically available data bases. Currently he is investigating gendered differences in drug use and treatment patterns. Most of what is known about addiction is derived from research on men. Gendered differenc- es exist for all substances but may be more pronounced with methamphetamine, a drug that historically was given preferentially to women.