gut-pancreas axis
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... Cycle 34 -- Fertilization 38 -- Cleavage 42 -- Blastocyst Formation 43 -- Epiblast, Hypoblast, and Axis ... ... Mesodermal Germ Layer 80 Derivatives of the Endoderm al Germ Layer 87 -- Patterning of the Anteroposterior Axis ... ... Regulation by Homeobox Genes 89 External Appearance during the Second Month 90 Summary 93 -- Chapter 7 • The Gut ... ... Tube 230 Molecular Regulation of Gut Tube Development 231 Mesentery 232 Foregut 233 -- Molecular Regulation ... ... of Liver Induction 242 -- Pancreas 244 -- Midgut 244 -- Hindgut 248 -- Summary 254 -- Chapter 16 • Urogenital ...
International edition
Fourteenth edition xxii, 432 stran : ilustrace ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- embryologie MeSH
- embryonální vývoj * MeSH
- vrozené vady MeSH
- vývoj plodu MeSH
- vývojová biologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
- NLK Obory
- embryologie a teratologie
Pancreatic cancer (PC), particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is a significant global health issue with high mortality rates. PDAC, though only 3 % of cancer diagnoses, causes 7 % of cancer deaths due to its severity and asymptomatic early stages. Risk factors include lifestyle choices, environmental exposures, and genetic predispositions. Conditions like new-onset type 2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitis also contribute significantly. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD), and obesity. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption increase PC risk, while NAFPD and obesity, particularly central adiposity, contribute through chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Refined sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are also linked to increased PC risk, especially among younger individuals. Hormonal treatments and medications like statins, aspirin, and metformin have mixed results on PC risk, with some showing protective effects. The gut microbiome influences PC through the gut-pancreas axis, with disruptions leading to inflammation and carcinogenesis. Exposure to toxic substances, including heavy metals and chemicals, is associated with increased PC risk. Glycome changes, such as abnormal glycosylation patterns, are significant in PDAC development and offer potential for early diagnosis. Interactions between environmental and genetic factors are crucial in PDAC susceptibility. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to PDAC, but gene-environment interactions remain largely unexplored. Future research should focus on polygenic risk scores (PRS) and large-scale studies to better understand these interactions and their impact on PDAC risk.
- MeSH
- duktální karcinom slinivky břišní * etiologie epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- expozom * MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní * etiologie epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- životní styl * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Pitx2 is a transcription factor responsible for establishment of the right-left axis and development of the gut and pituitary. In mouse embryos, Pitx2 is expressed in the greater curvature of the stomach and midgut. Previously, Pitx2 was studied in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours but not in other NETs. Pitx2 expression was immunohistochemically assessed in whole sections and tissue microarrays in a cohort of 224 neuroendocrine neoplasms, and was analysed in 29 cases. The cohort included 18 cauda equina NETs, 38 paragangliomas, 98 cases of primary visceral NETs from different organs, 23 metastases of visceral NETs and 47 neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Pitx2 expression was observed in 29.5% (29 of 98) NETs and 14.9% (7 of 47) NECs, but was not observed in any paraganglioma or cauda equina NET. Pitx2 was observed only in tumours of midgut-derived organs, including the small intestine (100%, 20 of 20), appendix (88.9%, eight of nine) and large intestine (9.1%, one of 11 - only caecal NET). The NETs of remaining locations were negative. Pitx2 was 96.7% sensitive and 100% specific for NETs of midgut origin. In NECs, Pitx2 positivity was observed in goblet cell adenocarcinoma (75%, three of four), medullary thyroid carcinoma (42.9, three of seven) and one Merkel cell carcinoma (25%, one of four). In metastatic NETs, Pitx2 was observed in all the tumours originating in the small intestine (n = 17) or caecum (n = 1). No positivity was observed in tumours from other locations (four pancreas, one lung). We observed no correlation between immunoreactivity and mRNA expression. Thus, Pitx2 immunohistochemistry can be helpful in assessing the midgut origin of NETs.
... Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone 117 -- Endocrinologie Evaluation of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis ... ... FACP -- Tests of Thyroid Hormones in Blood 227 -- Evaluation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Thyroid Axis ... ... Regulatory Peptides of the Gut -- Gastrin 607 -- Cholecystokinin 608 -- Secretin 609 -- Somatostatin ... ... Endocrine -- Tumors 619 -- Clinical Uses of Gut Peptides 619 -- 18. ... ... Karam, MD -- The Endocrine Pancreas 623 -- Anatomy & Histology 623 -- Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas ...
Lange medical book
Sixth edition xv, 891 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 25 cm
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- endokrinologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
... Correlates, 81 -- Derivatives of the Endodermal Germ Layer, 82 -- Patterning of the Anteroposterior Axis ... ... the Lungs, 205 -- Clinical Correlates, 206 -- CHAPTER 14 Digestive System, 209 -- V Divisions of the Gut ... ... Tube, 209 -- Molecular Regulation of Gut Tube -- Development, 210 -- Mesenteries, 211 -- Foregut, 212 ... ... Clinical Correlates, 218 -- Molecular Regulation of Liver Induction, 221 -- Clinical Correlates, 221 -- Pancreas ...
International edition
Eleventh edition ix, 385 stran : ilustrace ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- embryologie MeSH
- embryonální vývoj MeSH
- vrozené vady MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
- NLK Obory
- embryologie a teratologie
... Pterygoid Fossae -- 24 Mandible -- 25 Temporomandibular Joint -- 26 Cervical Vertebrae: Atlas and Axis ... ... Reflected -- 274 Omental Bursa: Cross Section -- 275 Peritoneum of Posterior Abdominal Wall -- Viscera (Gut ... ... Liver Structure: Schema -- 287 Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Bile Ducts, and Pancreatic Duct -- 288 Pancreas ... ... Arteries of Small Intestine -- 295 Arteries of Large Intestine -- 296 Veins of Stomach, Duodenum, Pancreas ... ... Plexuses of Intestine -- 309 Autonomic Innervation of Liver: Schema -- 310 Autonomic Innervation of Pancreas ...
Seventh edition 535 stran, 9 nečíslovaných stran, I-42 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 29 cm
- MeSH
- anatomie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- atlasy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
- NLK Obory
- anatomie
