Working memory is a cognitive process that involves short-term active maintenance, flexible updating, and processing of goal- or task-relevant information. All frequency bands are involved in working memory. The activities of the theta and gamma frequency bands in the frontoparietal network are highly involved in working memory processes; theta oscillations play a role in the temporal organization of working memory items, and gamma oscillations influence the maintenance of information in working memory. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) results in frequency-specific modulation of endogenous oscillations and has shown promising results in cognitive neuroscience. The electrophysiological and behavioral changes induced by the modulation of endogenous gamma frequency in the prefrontal cortex using tACS have not been extensively studied in the context of working memory. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of frontal gamma-tACS on working memory outcomes. We hypothesized that a 10-min gamma tACS administered over the frontal cortex would significantly improve working memory outcomes. Young healthy participants performed Luck-Vogel cognitive behavioral tasks with simultaneous pre- and post-intervention EEG recording (Sham versus 40 Hz tACS). Data from forty-one participants: sham (15 participants) and tACS (26 participants), were used for the statistical and behavioral analysis. The relative changes in behavioral outcomes and EEG due to the intervention were analyzed. The results show that tACS caused an increase in the power spectral density in the high beta and low gamma EEG bands and a decrease in left-right coherence. On the other hand, tACS had no significant effect on success rates and response times. Conclusion: 10 min of frontal 40 Hz tACS was not sufficient to produce detectable behavioral effects on working memory, whereas electrophysiological changes were evident. The limitations of the current stimulation protocol and future directions are discussed in detail in the following sections.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The lack of medical facilities in isolated areas makes many patients remain aloof from quick and timely diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, leading to high mortality rates. A deep learning based method for automatic diagnosis of multiple cardiac diseases from Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals is proposed in this paper. METHODS: The proposed system is a combination of deep learning based convolutional neural network (CNN) and power spectrogram Cardi-Net, which can extract deep discriminating features of PCG signals from the power spectrogram to identify the diseases. The choice of Power Spectral Density (PSD) makes the model extract highly discriminatory features significant for the multi-classification of four common cardiac disorders. RESULTS: Data augmentation techniques are applied to make the model robust, and the model undergoes 10-fold cross-validation to yield an overall accuracy of 98.879% on the test dataset to diagnose multi heart diseases from PCG signals. CONCLUSION: The proposed model is completely automatic, where signal pre-processing and feature engineering are not required. The conversion time of power spectrogram from PCG signals is very low range from 0.10 s to 0.11 s. This reduces the complexity of the model, making it highly reliable and robust for real-time applications. The proposed architecture can be deployed on cloud and a low cost processor, desktop, android app leading to proper access to the dispensaries in remote areas.

• MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci srdce * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• neuronové sítě MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• fyzika, biofyzika

Ionizing γ-irradiation and solvent-assisted spiking are frequently applied to eliminate microbial activity and to induce hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) into soil, respectively, when studying the accumulation of chemicals in terrestrial organisms. However, the side-effects that may arise from these treatments on soil-HOC interaction and, subsequently, the kinetics and extents of bioaccumulation are not thoroughly understood. To this end, the accumulation of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)etylene (p,p'-DDE) by Eisenia andrei was studied in sterilized or unsterilized and freshly spiked (FS) or historically contaminated (HC) soils in parallel with an analysis of aliphatic and hydrophilic soil organic matter (SOM) moieties using mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFT-S). Irradiation did not impart significant changes on spectral SOM descriptors. In contrast, earthworm inhabitation increased the relative presence of aliphatic moieties to a greater extent than hydrophilic ones, reaching or exceeding pre-treatment levels. Overall, effects on SOM chemistry can be ranked as earthworms > spiking > irradiation. Corresponding changes at the bioaccumulation level were observed for the FS soil (i.e., a 27% reduction in bioaccumulation upon sterilization) but not for the HC soil. This implies that in contrast to the interactions between aged p,p'-DDE and sterilized HC soil, the interactions established between freshly added p,p'-DDE and sterilized FS soil were altered by γ-irradiation-induced secondary effects alone or in combination with earthworm inhabitation. Thus, although the soil treatment processes studied here should not drastically impact compound bioaccumulation, they should be considered in mechanistic studies where the qualitative and quantitative aspects of compound-soil (organic matter)-earthworm interactions are at the centre of attention.

• MeSH
• dichlordifenyldichlorethylen analýza   MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• Oligochaeta metabolismus   MeSH
• organické látky izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rozpouštědla izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sterilizace metody   MeSH
• záření gama MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The fate of organic chemicals and their metabolites in soils is often investigated in model matrices having undergone various pre-treatment steps that may qualitatively or quantitatively interfere with the results. Presently, effects associated with soil sterilization by γ-irradiation and soil spiking using an organic solvent were studied in one freshly spiked soil (sterilization prior to contamination) and its field-contaminated (sterilization after contamination) counterpart for the model organic compound 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (p,p'-DDE). Changes in the sorption and potential bioavailability of spiked and native p,p'-DDE were measured by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), XAD-assisted extraction (XAD), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and linked to qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry measured by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Reduced sorption of p,p´-DDE detected with XAD and SPME was associated more clearly with spiking than with sterilization, but SFE showed a negligible impact. Spiking resulted in an increase of the DRIFT-derived hydrophobicity index, but irradiation did not. Spectral peak height ratio descriptors indicated increasing hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity in pristine soil following sterilization, and a greater reduction of hydrophobic over hydrophilic groups as a consequence of spiking. In parallel, reduced sorption of p,p´-DDE upon spiking was observed. Based on the present samples, γ-irradiation appears to alter soil sorptive properties to a lesser extent when compared to common laboratory processes such as spiking with organic solvents.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• dichlordifenyldichlorethylen chemie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu chemie   MeSH
• mikroextrakce na pevné fázi MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rozpouštědla chemie   MeSH
• záření gama * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   diagnostické užití   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• techniky diagnostické zobrazovací

• MeSH
• lasery MeSH
• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Optika
• NLK Obory
• fyzika, biofyzika
• technika

Cieľom práce bolo nájsť spôsob na komplexnú charakterizáciu a definíciu zložitých zmesí. Pre tentoúčel má najviac predností technika spektrálneho fingerprintu, ktorú sme aplikovali na definíciuveľmi podobných bylinných prípravkov proti kašľu s výťažkom skorocelu kopijovitého. Synchrónnefluorescenčné spektrum Dl = 15 nm), na rozdiel od klasického emisného spektra, rozlíši jednotlivéprípravky. Avšak úplnú charakteristiku prípravku poskytuje až metóda špeciálneho fluorescenčné-ho fingerprintu, ktorá vznikla spojením techniky snímania synchrónnych spektier s programovomeniteľným rozdielom Dl a počítačovým spracovaním grafických záznamov vo forme vrstevnicovýchmáp. Táto kombinácia umožňuje graficky definovať a charakterizovať komplikované zmesi, ktorýchpresné zloženie často ani nie je známe. Postup sa dá využiť pri analýze farmaceutických, potravi-nárskych, kozmetických a iných výrobkov, pri kontrole kvality, dodržania technologického procesu,pri porovnaní rovnakých výrobkov od rôznych výrobcov, ale aj pri odhaľovaní falzifikátov značko-vých výrobkov. Spektrálne fluorescenčné fingerprinty – vrstevnicové fluorescenčné mapy sa môžuuchovávať v databáze a majú rovnakú výpovednú hodnotu ako odtlačky prstov v kriminalistike.

The present paper aims to find a method of comprehensive characterisation and definition ofcomplex mixtures. For this purpose the technique of spectral fingerprint shows most advantages.It has been applied to the definition of very similar herbal antitussic preparations containing anextract from the plantain plant (Plantago lanceolata). The synchronous fluorescent spectrum (Dl =15 nm), in contrast to the classic emission spectrum, can resolve the individual preparations. Thecomplete characteristic of the preparation is, however, provided only by the method of a specialfluorescent fingerprint, which developed from a combination of the technique of recording synchro-nous spectra with a programmably changeable difference in Dl and the computer processing ofgraphic records in the form of contour maps. The combination makes it possible to graphically defineand characterise complex mixtures, the exact composition of which may not be even known. Themethod can be used in the analysis of pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other products, in thecontrol of their quality, observance of the technological process, in the comparison of identicalproducts by different manufacturers as well as in revealing counterfeit brand products. Spectralfluorescent fingerprints – contour fluorescent maps can be stored in a database and they posses thesame informational value as fingerprints in criminological practice.

• MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
• melasa MeSH
• řízení kvality metody   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty normy   MeSH

• MeSH
• krevní oběh fyziologie   MeSH
• spektrální analýza MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• vnitřní lékařství
• kardiologie
• chemie, klinická chemie
• angiologie