In the first days of life, the newborns' intestinal microbiota develops simultaneously with the intestinal gut barrier and follows intestinal immunity. The mode of delivery shows significant impact on microbial development and, thus, the initiation of the tryptophan catabolism pathway. Further antibiotics (ATB) treatment of mothers before or during delivery affects the microbial and tryptophan metabolite composition of stool of the caesarean- and vaginal-delivered newborns. The determination of microbiome and levels of tryptophan microbial metabolites in meconium and stool can characterize intestinal colonization of a newborn. From 134 samples from the Central European Longitudinal Studies of Parents and Children: The Next Generation (CELSPAC: TNG) cohort study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed, and microbial tryptophan metabolites were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Microbial diversity and concentrations of tryptophan metabolites were significantly higher in stool compared to meconium. Treatment of mothers with ATB before or during delivery affects metabolite composition and microbial diversity in stool of vaginal- and caesarean-delivered newborns. Correlation of microbial and metabolite composition shows significant positive correlations of indol-3-lactic acid, N-acetyl-tryptophan and indol-3-acetic acid with Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Peptoclostridium. The positive effect of vaginal delivery on newborns' microbiome development is degraded when mother is treated with ATB before or during delivery. KEY POINTS: • Antibiotic treatment diminishes the positive effects of vaginal delivery. • Antibiotic treatment affects metabolite and microbial composition in newborns. • Bifidobacterium and Peptoclostridium could be the producer of indole-lactic acid.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * MeSH
- Bifidobacterium metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- feces * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- indoly metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mekonium * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * účinky léků MeSH
- tryptofan * metabolismus MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A wide range of articles describe the role of different probiotics in the prevention or treatment of various diseases. However, currently, the focus is shifting from whole microorganisms to their easier-to-define components that can confer similar or stronger benefits on the host. Here, we aimed to describe polysaccharide B.PAT, which is a surface antigen isolated from Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. animalis CCDM 218 and to understand the relationship between its structure and function. For this reason, we determined its glycerol phosphate-substituted structure, which consists of glucose, galactose, and rhamnose residues creating the following repeating unit: To fully understand the role of glycerol phosphate substitution on the B.PAT function, we prepared the dephosphorylated counterpart (B.MAT) and tested their immunomodulatory properties. The results showed that the loss of glycerol phosphate increased the production of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α in bone marrow dendritic cells alone and after treatment with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Further studies indicated that dephosphorylation can enhance B.PAT properties to suppress IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. Thus, we suggest that further investigation of B.PAT and B.MAT may reveal distinct functionalities that can be exploited in the treatment of various diseases and may constitute an alternative to probiotics.
- MeSH
- bakteriální polysacharidy farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Bifidobacterium animalis * chemie MeSH
- buňky HT-29 MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus MeSH
- dendritické buňky účinky léků imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- fosforylace účinky léků MeSH
- imunologické faktory farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- probiotika farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Bifidobacteria as a strictly anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, is widely distributed in the intestine, vagina and oral cavity, and is one of the first gut flora to colonize the early stages of life. Intestinal flora is closely related to health, and dysbiosis of intestinal flora, especially Bifidobacteria, has been found in a variety of diseases. Numerous studies have shown that in addition to maintaining intestinal homeostasis, Bifidobacteria may be involved in diseases covering all parts of the body, including the nervous system, respiratory system, genitourinary system and so on. This review collects evidence for the variation of Bifidobacteria in typical diseases among various systems, provides mild and effective therapeutic options for those diseases that are difficult to cure, and moves Bifidobacteria from basic research to further clinical applications.
- MeSH
- Bifidobacterium * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prsty nohy MeSH
- střeva * mikrobiologie MeSH
- vagina mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This study investigated the therapeutic potential of probiotic bifidobacteria, isolated from Iranian fermented dairy products, in a hyperlipidemic animal model. Bifidobacterium strains were extracted from traditional dairy samples and screened using physiological and phenotypic examinations, 16S rRNA analysis, and probiotic properties such as tolerance to gastrointestinal juice, antimicrobial activity, and antibiotic susceptibility. The ability of the screened bifidobacteria to reduce serum and liver lipids in vivo was tested using male Wistar rats. Six strains of bifidobacteria were isolated from traditional Iranian fermented dairy. These strains showed promising in vitro activity in lowering triglyceride and cholesterol, tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal juice, the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells, acceptable antibiotic susceptibility, and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The diet supplemented with isolated bifidobacteria significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver tissue lipid levels, and hepatic enzymes in animals when compared to a high-fat diet without strains (p < 0.01). Additionally, the potential probiotic-supplemented diet significantly increased bile acid excretion in the feces and upregulated hepatic CYP7A1 expression levels (p < 0.05), while NPC1L1, ACAT2, and MTP gene expressions in small intestinal cells were downregulated (p < 0.05). Bifidobacteria isolated from Iranian traditional dairy showed potential for use in the production of fermented foods that have hypolipemic activity in the host.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Bifidobacterium * genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- cholesterol-7-alfa-hydroxylasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cholesterol krev metabolismus MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- hyperlipidemie * MeSH
- játra metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléčné výrobky mikrobiologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- potkani Wistar * MeSH
- probiotika * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- triglyceridy krev metabolismus MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Írán MeSH
Idiopatické střevní záněty (IBD) jsou typicky doprovázeny průjmem a často malabsorpcí, které jsou predisponujícími faktory pro tvorbu močových kamenů. U pacientů bez resekce střeva se prevalence urolitiázy pohybuje od 1,5 do 5 %, po resekčních výkonech se může prevalence zvýšit až na 16 %. Častou komplikací je enterická hyperoxalurie, především u nemocných s ileocékální resekcí, ileostomií, kolostomií a po resekčních bariatrických výkonech následovaná rozvojem oxalátové nefrolitiázy a nefrokalcinózy. Významně přispívá i změna ve střevním mikrobiomu se sníženou střevní metabolizací oxalátu. Přebytek nemetabolizovaného oxalátu je primárně vylučován ledvinami a hyperoxalurie s přesycením šťavelanem vápenatým v moči vede k agregaci krystalů, urolitiáze a/nebo nefrokalcinóze. Často je současně snížené vylučování citrátu. Prevence oxalátové litiázy zahrnuje vyšší příjem tekutin, nutričně vyrovnanou nízkooxalátovou nízkotučnou dietu, podávání perorálního citrátu a hořčíku, doplněk vápníku a omezení kuchyňské soli v dietě. Významnou roli hraje úprava střevního mikrobiomu s cílem ovlivnění metabolizmu oxalátu ve střevě. U IBD pacientů s urolitiázou jsou časté závažné infekce močových cest, které mohou probíhat asymptomaticky a mohou vést až k chronické renální insuficienci a selhání ledvin. Nové léčebné přístupy s dlouhodobým podáváním biologické léčby významně zlepšily průběh IBD s úbytkem nezbytných resekčních výkonů. Lze proto předpokládat i snížení výskytu rizikových faktorů pro vznik močových kamenů.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are typically accompanied by diarrhoea and frequently by malabsorption, both of which are predisposing factors for the formation of renal calculi. In patients who have not undergone bowel surgery the prevalence of urolithiasis has ranged from 1.5 to 5%, but after surgery, stone prevalence can increase to up to 16%. Enteric hyperoxaluria is a frequent complication of inflammatory bowel diseases after ileal-coecal resection, ileostomy, colostomy resection and bariatric surgery. The excess of oxalate is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Increased urinary excretion of oxalate results in urinary calcium oxalate supersaturation, leading to crystal aggregation, urolithiasis, and/or nephrocalcinosis. Prevention of oxalate lithiasis includes high fluid intake, nutritionally balanced low-oxalate, low-fat, low-salt diet, prescription of oral citrate and magnesium, calcium supplement, and also biological manipulation of intestinal flora (microbiota). In IBD patients, urolithiasis can be associated with serious urinary tract infection – in some cases asymptomatic – which can lead to chronic renal insufficiency and failure. New therapeutic approaches to patients with inflammatory bowel diseases have completely changed the natural history of these diseases with reduced number of bowel surgery. Whether this has changed the prevalence and risk factors for urinary calculi in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases is still unknown.
- MeSH
- Bifidobacterium MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- hyperoxalurie diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * chirurgie komplikace patologie MeSH
- infekce močového ústrojí etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Lactobacillus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxaláty metabolismus moč MeSH
- Oxalobacter formigenes MeSH
- probiotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- renální insuficience etiologie terapie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- urolitiáza diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Lactulose is commonly used in pharmacy for constipation and hepatic encephalopathy treatment. The prebiotic effect of lactulose is also often mentioned. However, its cryoprotective effect in combination with lecithin on the main representatives of probiotics has not been tested yet. The 12 taxa of bifidobacteria and Lactobacillaceae members were used for the purpose. These were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 with lactulose + lecithin (finally 5.0% and 1.25%, respectively; LL). The 25% glycerol (G+) solution and cultures themselves were applied as positive and negative controls, respectively. Bacterial suspensions were stored at a mild freezing temperature (-20°C) until the end of the experiment (210th day). The LL solution had a comparable (insignificant difference at the P-value = 0.05) cryoprotective effect as the positive control in five of six bifidobacteria and in three of six representatives of Lactobacillaceae. The better cryoprotective effect was revealed in other Lactobacillaceae. At the end of the experiment, the generally accepted therapeutic minimum (>107 Colony Forming Units/mL) was determined in LL solution in five bifidobacteria and four Lactobacillaceae strains. The presented results improve knowledge about long-term mild cryopreservation of the most commonly used probiotics and could contribute to developing new forms of (nutri)synbiotics.
Live biotherapeutic products constitute an emerging therapeutic approach to prevent or treat inflammatory bowel diseases. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a constituent of the human microbiota with probiotic potential, that is illustrated by improvement of intestinal inflammation and antimicrobial activity against several pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of the L. acidophilus strain BIO5768 at steady state and upon acute inflammation. Supplementation of naïve mice with BIO5768 heightened the transcript level of some IL-17 target genes encoding for protein with microbicidal activity independently of NOD2 signaling. Of these, the BIO5768-induced expression of Angiogenin-4 was blunted in monocolonized mice that are deficient for the receptor of IL-17 (but not for NOD2). Interestingly, priming of bone marrow derived dendritic cells by BIO5768 enhanced their ability to support the secretion of IL-17 by CD4+ T cells. Equally of importance, the production of IL-22 by type 3 innate lymphoid cells is concomitantly heightened in response to BIO5768. When administered alone or in combination with Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis BIO5764 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri, BIO5768 was able to alleviate at least partially intestinal inflammation induced by Citrobacter rodentium infection. Furthermore, BIO5768 was also able to improve colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). In conclusion, we identify a new potential probiotic strain for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases, and provide some insights into its IL-17-dependent and independent mode of action.
- MeSH
- Bifidobacterium animalis MeSH
- enterobakteriální infekce terapie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * terapie MeSH
- interleukin-17 MeSH
- kolitida * chemicky indukované terapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- kyselina trinitrobenzensulfonová škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Lactobacillus acidophilus * MeSH
- lymfocyty MeSH
- myši MeSH
- přirozená imunita * MeSH
- probiotika * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The human microbiome influences human health in both negative and positive ways. Studies on the transportomes of these organisms yield information that may be utilized for various purposes, including the identification of novel drug targets and the manufacture of improved probiotic strains. Moreover, these genomic analyses help to improve our understanding of the physiology and metabolic capabilities of these organisms. The present study is a continuation of our studies on the transport proteins of the major gut microbes. Bifidobacterium species are essential members of the human gut microbiome, and they initiate colonization of the gut at birth, providing health benefits that last a lifetime. In this study we analyze the transportomes of nine bifidobacterial species: B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. dentium, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. longum subsp. longum, and B. pseudocatenulatum. All of these species have proven probiotic characteristics and exert beneficial effects on human health. Surprisingly, we found that all nine of these species have similar pore-forming toxins and drug exporters that may play roles in pathogenesis. These species have transporters for amino acids, carbohydrates, and proteins, essential for their organismal lifestyles and adaption to their respective ecological niches. The strictly probiotic species, B. bifidum, however, contains fewer such transporters, thus indicative of limited interactions with host cells and other gut microbial counterparts. The results of this study were compared with those of our previous studies on the transportomes of multiple species of Bacteroides, Escherichia coli/Salmonella, and Lactobacillus. Overall, bifidobacteria have larger transportomes (based on percentages of total proteins) than the previously examined groups of bacterial species, with a preference for primary active transport systems over secondary carriers. Taken together, these results provide useful information about the physiologies and pathogenic potentials of these probiotic organisms as reflected by their transportomes.
- MeSH
- Bifidobacterium bifidum * MeSH
- Bifidobacterium genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- probiotika * MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * genetika MeSH
- transportní proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Enzymatic synthesis is an elegant biocompatible approach to complex compounds such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). These compounds are vital for healthy neonatal development with a positive impact on the immune system. Although HMOs may be prepared by glycosyltransferases, this pathway is often complicated by the high price of sugar nucleotides, stringent substrate specificity, and low enzyme stability. Engineered glycosidases (EC 3.2.1) represent a good synthetic alternative, especially if variations in the substrate structure are desired. Site-directed mutagenesis can improve the synthetic process with higher yields and/or increased reaction selectivity. So far, the synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides by glycosidases has mostly been limited to analytical reactions with mass spectrometry detection. The present work reveals the potential of a library of engineered glycosidases in the preparative synthesis of three tetrasaccharides derived from lacto-N-tetraose (Galβ4GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glc), employing sequential cascade reactions catalyzed by β3-N-acetylhexosaminidase BbhI from Bifidobacterium bifidum, β4-galactosidase BgaD-B from Bacillus circulans, β4-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus, and β3-galactosynthase BgaC from B. circulans. The reaction products were isolated and structurally characterized. This work expands the insight into the multi-step catalysis by glycosidases and shows the path to modified derivatives of complex carbohydrates that cannot be prepared by standard glycosyltransferase methods.
- MeSH
- Bifidobacterium bifidum * metabolismus MeSH
- glykosidhydrolasy metabolismus MeSH
- glykosyltransferasy metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko * metabolismus MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- oligosacharidy chemie MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Bifidobacteria, which commonly inhabit the primate gut, are beneficial contributors to host wellbeing. Anatomical differences and natural habitat allow an arrangement of primates into two main parvorders; New World monkeys (NWM) and Old World monkeys (OWM). The number of newly described bifidobacterial species is clearly elevated in NWM. This corresponds to our finding that bifidobacteria were the dominant group of cultivated gut anaerobes in NWM, while their numbers halved in OWM and were often replaced by Clostridiaceae with sarcina morphology. We examined an extended MALDI-TOF MS database as a potential identification tool for rapid screening of bifidobacterial distribution in captive primates. Bifidobacterial isolates of NWM were assigned mainly to species of primate origin, while OWM possessed typically multi-host bifidobacteria. Moreover, bifidobacterial counts reflected the feed specialization of captive primates decreasing from frugivore-insectivores, gummivore-insectivores, frugivore-folivores to frugivore-omnivores. Amplicon sequencing analysis supported this trend with regards to the inverse ratio of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. In addition, a significantly higher diversity of the bacterial population in OWM was found. The evolution specialization of primates seems to be responsible for Bifidobacterium abundance and species occurrence. Balanced microbiota of captive primates could be supported by optimized prebiotic and probiotic stimulation based on the primate host.
- MeSH
- Bifidobacterium genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- primáti mikrobiologie MeSH
- probiotika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
