BACKGROUND: Patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) are at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, biannual surveillance is recommended. This large-scale multicenter study aimed to stratify the risk of HCC development in ACLD. METHODS: From 3016 patients with ACLD screened in 17 European and Chinese centers, 2340 patients with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) determined using different techniques (two-dimensional shear-wave elastography [2D-SWE], transient elastography, and point shear-wave elastography) and with different disease severities were included. Cox regression was used to explore risk factors for HCC. We used these data to create an algorithm, named PLEASE, but referred to in this manuscript as "the algorithm"; the algorithm was validated in internal and two external cohorts across elastography techniques. RESULTS: HCC developed in 127 (5.4%) patients during follow-up. LSM by 2D-SWE (hazard ratio: 2.28) was found to be associated with developing HCC, alongside age, sex, etiology, and platelet count (C-index: 0.8428). We thus established the algorithm with applicable cutoffs, assigning a maximum of six points: platelet count less than 150×109/l, LSM greater than or equal to 15 kPa, age greater than or equal to 50 years, male sex, controlled/uncontrolled viral hepatitis, or presence of steatotic liver diseases. Within 2 years, with a median follow-up of 13.7 months, patients in the high-risk group (≥4 points) had an HCC incidence of 15.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1% to 18.7%) compared with the low-risk group, at 1.7% (95% CI, 0.9% to 2.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Our algorithm stratified patients into two groups: those at higher risk of developing HCC and those at lower risk. Our data provide equipoise to test the prospective utility of the algorithm with respect to clinical decisions about screening patients with ACLD for incident HCC. (Funded by the German Research Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03389152.).
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elastografie * MeSH
- hepatocelulární karcinom * epidemiologie diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory jater * epidemiologie diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- nemoci jater epidemiologie diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Early identification of those with NAFLD activity score ≥ 4 and significant fibrosis (≥F2) or at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a priority as these patients are at increased risk for disease progression and may benefit from therapies. We developed and validated a highly specific metabolomics-driven score to identify at-risk MASH. METHODS: We included derivation (n = 790) and validation (n = 565) cohorts from international tertiary centers. Patients underwent laboratory assessment and liver biopsy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Based on 12 lipids, body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, the MASEF score was developed to identify at-risk MASH and compared to the FibroScan-AST (FAST) score. We further compared the performance of a FIB-4 + MASEF algorithm to that of FIB-4 + liver stiffness measurements (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). RESULTS: The diagnostic performance of the MASEF score showed an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 0.76 (95% CI 0.72-0.79), 0.69, 0.74, 0.53, and 0.85 in the derivation cohort, and 0.79 (95% CI 0.75-0.83), 0.78, 0.65, 0.48, and 0.88 in the validation cohort, while FibroScan-AST performance in the validation cohort was 0.74 (95% CI 0.68-0.79; p = 0.064), 0.58, 0.79, 0.67, and 0.73, respectively. FIB-4+MASEF showed similar overall performance compared with FIB-4 + LSM by VCTE ( p = 0.69) to identify at-risk MASH. CONCLUSION: MASEF is a promising diagnostic tool for the assessment of at-risk MASH. It could be used alternatively to LSM by VCTE in the algorithm that is currently recommended by several guidance publications.
Background and objectives: Recently, rapid progress has been made in the development of noninvasive methods for liver fibrosis assessment. The study aimed to assess the correlation between LSM and serum fibrosis markers to identify patients with advanced liver fibrosis in daily clinical practice. Methods: Between 2017 and 2019, 89 patients with chronic liver disease of various etiology, 58 males and 31 females, were enrolled in the study and underwent ultrasound examination, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI score), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, and enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test. Results: The diagnoses were as follows: NAFLD (30.3%), HCV (24.3%), HBV (13.1%), ALD (10.1%), other (7.8%). Their median age was 49 (21-79), and their median BMI was 27.5 (18.4-39.5). The median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was 6.7 kPa (2.9-54.2 kPa), the median of the ELF test was 9.0 (7.3-12.6), and the median APRI was 0.40 (0.13-3.13). Advanced fibrosis assessed by LSM was present in 18/89 (20.2%) patients. The LSM values correlated with the ELF test results (r2 = 0.31, p < 0.0001), with the APRI score (r2 = 0.23, p < 0.0001), the age of the patients (r2 = 0.14, p < 0.001), and with the FIB-4 values (r2 = 0.58, p < 0.0001). The ELF test values correlated with the APRI score (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001), the age (r2 = 0.38, p < 0.0001), and the FIB-4 (r2 = 0.34, p < 0.0001). By determining the confidence intervals of the linear model, we proved that patients younger than 38.1 years have a 95% probability of absence of advanced liver fibrosis when assessed by VCTE. Conclusions: We identified APRI and FIB-4 as simple tools for screening liver disease in primary care in an unselected population of patients. The results also showed that individuals younger than 38.1 years had a negligible risk of advanced liver fibrosis.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- biopsie metody MeSH
- elastografie * škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- fibróza MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza diagnostické zobrazování etiologie MeSH
- játra patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- elastografie * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- játra diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci jater diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- radiografie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- ultrasonografie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Úvod: Skupina neuroendokrinných tumorov vychádzajúca z buniek pankreasu sa nazýva pankreatické neuroendokrinné tumory (PNET). Kombinácia EUS a elastografie (EG) rozširuje diagnostické a zobrazovacie možnosti. Ciele: Cieľom našej práce bolo zistiť zastúpenie obrazov B-módu pre PNET, vyhodnotenie typického EG obrazu PNET, využitie „strain ratio“ (SR) a „strain histogram“ (SH) v diferenciálnej diagnostike PNET, stanovenie „cut off“ hodnoty SR a SH pre PNET a porovnanie štandardizovaných meraní s literatúrou. Metódy: Do štúdie boli zaradení pacienti vyšetrovaní na Internej klinike gastroenterologickej. Celkovo bolo vyšetrených 31 pacientov. Do súboru bolo zaradených 25 pacientov (8 mužov, 17 žien). Priemerný vek bol 52,76 roka (14–74). Všetkým zaradeným pacientom bolo realizované neinvazívne vyšetrenie endoskopická ultrasonografia. Po lokalizácii ložiska ultrasonograficky bol prvý záznam realizovaný po zmrazení obrazu v B-móde s vykonaním merania jeho veľkosti. Následne bolo realizované „strain“ elastografické meranie. V sledovanej skupine sme zaznamenali priemernú veľkosť 12,75 mm. Výsledky: Charakteristiky obrazu v B-móde pre PNET boli v 68 % hypoechogénne, v 12 % hyperechogénne, v 12 % izoechogénne a v 8 % zmiešanej echogenity. PNET boli v B-móde v 80 % ostro ohraničené a v 20 % neostro ohraničené. Presnosť priradenia elastografickej hodnoty typickej pre malígne nádory pankreasu bola pre PNET 96 % s použitím 5-stupňovej klasifikácie a 88 % s použitím 4-stupňovej klasifikácie. Senzitivita zaradenia PNET medzi malígne nádory bola pri „cut off“ SR > 3,2 80 % a SH < 50 100 %. Diskusia: Vzhľadom na priemerné veľkosti nádorov pozorované v našej štúdii, EUS prináša vysokú senzitivitu v diagnostike PNET v čase, kedy je u nich ešte možné aj miniinvazívne odstránenie. Okrem typického obrazu hypoechogenity a menej často popisovaných obrazov hyperechogenity a izoechogenity pre PNET, sme pozorovali aj echogenitu zmiešanú. Elastografický kvalitatívny obraz „strain“ hodnotený štvor- a päť- stupňovou klasifikáciou sa ukázal ako spoľahlivý pri odlíšení PNET a GNET od benígnych nádorov. V kvantitatívnej elastografii sú hodnoty SR a SH na pomedzí malígnych a benígnych ložísk pankreasu, jedným z dôvodou takýchto výsledkov môže byť rôznorodosť tejto skupiny nádorov pri rôznej mitotickej aktivite – „grade“. Záver: Konzistentnosť nami publikovaných výsledkov ukazuje použiteľnosť tejto metódy v prípade rozhodovania o definitívnej diagnóze, ak histológia nádoru nie je a nemôže byť dostupná.
Introduction: The group of neuroendocrine tumors derived from pancreatic cells is called pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). The combination of EUS and elastography (EG) expands diagnostic and imaging capabilities. Aim: The aim of our work was to determine the representative images of B-mode for PNET, evaluation of a typical EG image of PNETs, use of strain ratio (SR) and “strain histogram” (SH) in differential diagnosis of PNETs, determination of SR and SH cut off value for PNETs and comparison of standardized measurements with literature. Methods: Patients examined at the Internal Gastroenterology Clinic were included in the cohort. A total of 31 patients were examined. The group included 25 patients (8 men, 17 women). The mean age in group was 52.76 years (14–74). Non-invasive examination by endoscopic ultrasonography was performed on all patients. After locating the lesion by ultrasound, the first recording was made after freezing the image in B-mode and performing size measurement. Subsequently, a Strain elastography measurement was performed. In the monitored group we recorded an average size of 12.75 mm. Results: The characteristics of the image in B-mode were as follows for PNETs 68% hypoechogenic, 12% hyperechogenic, 12% isoechogenic and 8% mixed echogenicity. 80% of PNETs in B-mode were sharply demarcated and 20% with blurred borders. The accuracy of the value assignment typical of pancreatic malignancies using elastography was 96% for PNET in 5-degree classification system and 88% for a 4-degree classification, for SR cut off >3.2 with a sensitivity of 80% and SH cut off <50 100%. Discussion: Given the average tumor sizes observed in our study, EUS provides high sensitivity in PNET diagnostics and allows diagnostics at a time when minimally invasive removal is still possible. In addition to the typical picture of hypoechogenicity and the less frequently described pictures of hyperechogenicity and isoechogenicity for PNET, we also observed mixed echogenicity. The elastographic qualitative strain image evaluated by the four- and five- -degree classification proved to be reliable in distinguishing PNET from benign tumors. In quantitative elastography, the values of SR are between malignant and benign deposits of the pancreas, one of the reasons for such values may be the diversity of this group of diseases with different mitotic activity – grade of the tumor. Conclusion: Consistency of the results published by us, shows the applicability of this method in deciding on a definitive diagnosis if tumor histology is not and cannot be available.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elastografie * MeSH
- endosonografie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- neuroendokrinní nádory * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pankreas anatomie a histologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Elastografie jater je zcela neinvazivní metoda sloužící k vyšetřování tuhosti jaterní tkáně. Je celosvětově rozšířená a zcela zásadní, protože díky ní je možné zhodnotit přítomnost a pokročilost jaterní fibrózy. V klinické praxi dnes hrají dominantní roli na ultrazvuku založené elastografické metody – tranzientní elastografie (TE) a shear wave elastografie (SWE). Rychlé vyšetření u lůžka, snadná reprodukovatelnost naměřených hodnot, dostupnost a možnost opakovaných měření vedly v posledních letech k významnému snížení počtu prováděných jaterních biopsií. Neinvazivní hodnocení přítomnosti portální hypertenze u pacientů s jaterní cirhózou a predikci jejích komplikací umožňuje právě elastografie. Ta v současnosti představuje etablovanou vyšetřovací metodou, která změnila klinickou hepatologickou praxi.
Liver elastography is a completely non-invasive method for examination of a stiffness of a liver parenchyma. It has been used worldwide and plays an essential role in detection and assessment of severity of liver fibrosis. Ultrasound based elastography methods – transient elastography (TE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) are the most widely used methods in clinical practice. Quick bedside examination, high reproducibility of results, availability and repeatability in time are among the benefits which led to a significant decrease in number of liver biopsies performed in last years. Elastography methods are also capable to evaluate presence of portal hypertension and risk of related complications in patients with liver cirrhosis noninvasively. Liver elastography represents an established diagnostic tool that has changed clinical practice in hepatology.
- MeSH
- elastografie * metody MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- játra * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- portální hypertenze diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
AIM: To compare the elasticity of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles in patients with cervicogenic headache and in healthy volunteers. METHODS: The medical history of 23 patients with cervicogenic headache was taken with a focus on pain characteristics. Elasticity of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles was measured by using shear wave elastography. Results were then compared with 23 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The sternocleidomastoid muscle was significantly stiffer in patients with cervicogenic headache compared to healthy volunteers. The stiffness increased gradually from the parasternal area, where it was negligible, to the area near the mastoid process where it reached over 20 kPa. There was no difference in the stiffness of the trapezius muscle. The stiffness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle does show a significant dependence on headache characteristics (e.g., laterality, severity, or frequency). CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study show that patients with cervicogenic headache have a higher stiffness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle than healthy volunteers. These findings suggest that elastography could be used as a diagnostic tool in cervicogenic headache.
OBJECTIVE: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) is a tool used to screen for significant fibrosis and portal hypertension. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to develop an easy tool using LSM for clinical outcomes in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) patients. DESIGN: This international multicentre cohort study included a derivation ACLD patient cohort with valid two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) results. Clinical and laboratory parameters at baseline and during follow-up were recorded. LSM by transient elastography (TE) was also recorded if available. The primary outcome was overall mortality. The secondary outcome was the development of first/further decompensation. RESULTS: After screening 2148 patients (16 centres), 1827 patients (55 years, 62.4% men) were included in the 2D-SWE cohort, with median liver SWE (L-SWE) 11.8 kPa and a model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score of 8. Combination of MELD score and L-SWE predict independently of mortality (AUC 0.8). L-SWE cut-off at ≥20 kPa combined with MELD ≥10 could stratify the risk of mortality and first/further decompensation in ACLD patients. The 2-year mortality and decompensation rates were 36.9% and 61.8%, respectively, in the 305 (18.3%) high-risk patients (with L-SWE ≥20 kPa and MELD ≥10), while in the 944 (56.6%) low-risk patients, these were 1.1% and 3.5%, respectively. Importantly, this M10LS20 algorithm was validated by TE-based LSM and in an additional cohort of 119 patients with valid point shear SWE-LSM. CONCLUSION: The M10LS20 algorithm allows risk stratification of patients with ACLD. Patients with L-SWE ≥20 kPa and MELD ≥10 should be followed closely and receive intensified care, while patients with low risk may be managed at longer intervals.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elastografie * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nemoci jater diagnóza etiologie mortalita MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- ROC křivka MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- elastografie klasifikace metody MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza * diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
Nestr.
The grade of portal hypertension, expressed as portohepatic gradient (HVPG), determines the risk of severe complications in cirrhosis and represents an important factor in decision-making in variceal bleeding. We are able to reliably assess the degree of portal hypertension only by hepatic veins cathetrisation. The data published so far show a linear correlation between liver stiffness assessed by shear-wave elastography (SWE) and HVPG lower than 10 mm Hg. We presume that the correlation between liver stiffness and HVPG >12 mm Hg is not linear and that, with liver stiffness measurement and blood fibrosis markers assessment, we would be able to find a correlation also in HVPG > 12 mm Hg. The aim of the study is to find an easy and rapid algorithm to distinguish patients with severe portal hypertension (HVPG >12 mm Hg). The study will be performed in 100 patients with advanced cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. They will be examined by SWE, HVPG will be measured and blood fibrosis markers will be assessed. The collagen content will be assessed in the explanted liver.
Úroveň portální hypertenze vyjádřená portohepatálním gradientem (HVPG) determinuje výši rizika závažných komplikací u cirhotiků a je důležitým faktorem při rozhodování o léčbě při variceálním krvácení. Spolehlivě lze stupeň portální hypertenze změřit jen invazivně katetrizací jaterních žil. Dosud publikované práce ukazují na lineární korelaci mezi tuhostí jater změřenou shear-wave elestografií (SWE) a HVPG pouze do výše 10 mm Hg. Předpokládáme, že korelace mezi tuhostí jater a HVPG nad 12 mm Hg není lineární a že kombinací SWE a sérových markerů fibrózy bude možno nalézt korelaci i s vyššími hodnotami HVPG. Cílem je navrhnout algoritmus, kterým by bylo možno rychle a neinvazivně odlišit pacienty s významnou portální hypertenzí (HVPG 12 mm Hg a více). Studie bude provedena na 100 pacientech s pokročilou jaterní cirhózou čekajících na transplantaci jater. Před transplantací jim bude prováděna SWE, invazivní měření HVPG a vyšetření krevních markerů fibrózy. V explantovaných játrech bude stanoven obsah kolagenu.
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- elastografie MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza diagnostické zobrazování komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- portální hypertenze diagnostické zobrazování komplikace MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- transplantace jater MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- hepatologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR