INTRODUCTION: Lyme borreliosis (LB), an infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe. To further characterize the LB burden in the Czech Republic, we conducted a seroprevalence study and estimated the incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections. METHODS: Anti-Bbsl IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in sera collected from the adult population in 2011 -2012 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot tests at the National Reference Laboratory. The incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections was estimated from the seroprevalence results and the symptomatic proportion and duration of persistence of anti-Bbsl IgG antibodies in Bbsl-infected individuals. Surveillance under-detection of symptomatic Bbsl infections was estimated by comparing surveillance-reported and seroprevalence-based incidence. RESULTS: Samples from 1996 adults were tested; the median age (range) was 45 (18 -87) years; 1037 (52.0 %) were female. The prevalence (with 95 % confidence interval) of anti-Bbsl IgG, and IgM and/or IgG (IgM/IgG) antibodies was 6.3 % (5.3 -7.5 %), and 9.5 % (8.3 -10.9 %), respectively. The IgM/IgG prevalence was 7.8 % (6.5 -9.2 %) in Bohemia and 15.3 % (12.2 -19.0 %) in Moravia. There were an estimated 30,563 (26,550 -34,962) symptomatic incident Bbsl infections in adults in the Czech Republic in 2012, for an incidence of 352.2 (306.0 -402.9) symptomatic Bbsl infections per 100,000 adults per year. There were an estimated 11 (10 -13) symptomatic Bbsl infections for each surveillance-reported LB case in the Czech Republic in 2012. CONCLUSIONS: There is high incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections in the Czech Republic, particularly in Moravia. Interventions are needed to address the substantial burden of LB in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex * imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ELISA * MeSH
- imunoglobulin G * krev MeSH
- imunoglobulin M * krev MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc * epidemiologie mikrobiologie krev MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální * krev MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), the most common tick-borne diseases of the central nervous system in Central Europe, are frequently associated with pareses. The aim of this study was to characterise paretic complications in patients with TBE and LNB, including their severity, persistence and impact on the patients' quality of life. Our retrospective observational study included patients with aseptic CNS infection due to TBE virus or Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Paretic complications were evaluated in the acute phase and the patients were followed up until complete regression or long-term stabilisation of any neurological deficit. The severity of the neurological deficit was graded according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A total of 823 patients (582 with TBE, 241 with LNB) was included. Paretic complications were diagnosed in 63 TBE patients (10.8 %) and in 147 LNB patients (61.0 %). In TBE, the most common neurological deficit was brachial plexus paresis in 21 patients (33 %) and bulbar symptoms in 18 patients (29 %). In LNB patients, facial nerve palsy was the most frequent neurological deficit (117patients; 79.6 %), followed by lower limb paresis in 23 patients (15.6 %). Forty-nine TBE patients and 134 LNB paretic patients completed follow-up. Paresis resolved within 3 weeks in 16 TBE patients (33 %) and 53 LNB patients (39.5 %), but the proportion of patients with paresis persisting for more than 12 months was significantly higher in TBE (34.7 vs. 3.7 %, p < 0.001). The mean mRS was significantly higher in TBE paretic patients compared to LNB (p < 0.001). Paretic complications are significantly more common in LNB than in TBE but pareses associated with TBE last longer than in LNB and considerably reduce the quality of life of patients. Prevention remains the only way to influence the long-term motor deficits of TBE.
- MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * komplikace epidemiologie diagnóza MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymská neuroborelióza * komplikace epidemiologie diagnóza MeSH
- paréza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cíl: Cílem této studie bylo analyzovat klinické aspekty diagnostiky a léčby léze lícního nervu (LLN) u dětí v terciálním centru. Zaměřuje se na demografii, etiologii, diagnostický a terapeutický proces, míru úpravy po terapii a rozsah relapsů. Materiál a metodika: Retrospektivní studie, 572 pacientů (0–18 let), léčených ve fakultní nemocnici s diagnózou LLN v průběhu 10 let (2011–2021). Data byla získávaná z pacientské dokumentace. Analyzovány byly následující parametry: věk, pohlaví, strana léze, etiologie, diagnostický proces zahrnující radiologické vyšetření, léčebný proces, úprava léze po terapii a míra relapsu. Výsledky: LLN se vyskytla v 554 případech jako unilaterální, v 18 jako bilaterální bez signifikantní stranové diference. Dívky byly postiženy v 301 (52,6 %) a chlapci v 271 (47,4 %) případech. Medián věku byl stanoven na 9,4 ± 4,7 roku. Průměrné House-Brackmann (HB) skóre bylo 3,6 ± 1,0. Jako dvě nejčastější příčiny jsme prokázali infekční 264 (46,2 %) a idiopatickou 255 (44,6 %). Borelióza byla nejčastěji zastoupenou infekční příčinou u 216 (81,8 %) případů. Třetí nejčastější příčina byla neoplastická u 15 (2,6 %) případů. Následovaly traumatická, kongenitální a další. Nekompletní paréza byla detekována u 556 (97,2 %) případů a kompletní u 16 (2,8 %). Kortikosteroidy byly podány u 360 pacientů, antibiotika/antivirotika u 311 pacientů. Chirurgický výkon podstoupilo 26 pacientů. Úpravu po terapii jsme zaznamenali u 94,7 % pacientů, nezaznamenali u 5,3 %, u 1 % je údaj neznámý. U infekční příčiny prokázalo úpravu po terapii 99,2 %, u idiopatické 98 % pacientů. Pacienti s infekční, idiopatickou a traumatickou příčinou měli vyšší míru úpravy po terapii než pacienti s neoplastickou příčinou. Závěr: LLN je relativně častá akutní diagnóza v dětském věku. Bylo popsáno velké množství různých příčin, nejčastěji se vyskytuje příčina infekční a idiopatická. Pro správnou diagnózu je důležitá detailní anamnéza a klinické vyšetřeni. V léčbě převažuje terapie kortikosteroidy a antibiotiky. Názory na léčbu jsou kontroverzní. Prognóza LLN u děti je zpravidla dobrá.
Aim: This study aimed to analyze the different characteristics of FNLs in children focusing on demographics, etiology, diagnostic and therapeutic process, improvement after therapy, and relapse rate in a tertiary center. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 572 children (0 to 18 years) who were admitted to the University Hospital with facial nerve lesion (FNL) during a 10-year period (2011–2021). The data were gathered from patients´ medical files to analyze age, sex, side of FNL, etiology, the diagnostic process including radiological examinations, treatment methods, improvement after therapy, and relapse rate. Results: There were 554 unilateral and 18 bilateral cases without significant laterality differences. Girls were affected in 301 (52.6%) cases and boys in 271 (47.4%) cases. The median age was 9.4 ± 4.7 years. The mean House-Brackmann (HB) score was 3.6 ± 1.0. Two main causes whose representation was balanced were detected. Infectious causes occurred in 264 (46.2%) cases and idiopathic causes occurred in 255 (44.6%) cases. Borreliosis was the most common infectious cause in 216 (81.8%) cases. The third most common cause was of neoplastic origin in 15 (2.6%) cases. The following causes were traumatic, congenital, and others. Incomplete FNL was detected in 556 (97.2%) cases and complete FNL was found in 16 (2.8%) cases. Corticosteroids were administered in 360 patients, and antibiotics/ antivirals were given to 311 patients. Surgery was performed in 26 patients. 94.7 % of patients showed improvement after therapy while 5.3% did not, and 1.0% had an unknown outcome. For the infectious causes, improvement after therapy was seen in 99.2% of patients and idiopathic causes saw improvement in 98% of patients. Patients with infectious, idiopathic, and traumatic causes of paresis had a higher percentage of recovery compared to patients with neoplastic causes. Conclusions: FNL in children is a relatively common acute condition in pediatric care. Many different causes of FNL were described, the most common being infectious and idiopathic. A detailed clinical history and clinical examination are mandatory. Corticosteroids and antibiotics are most commonly prescribed medicaments. Opinions on the treatment remain controversial. The prognosis of FNL in children is usually favorable.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymská neuroborelióza komplikace MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- motorické neurony patologie MeSH
- nemoci lícního nervu * epidemiologie etiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Lyme disease, a tick-borne illness caused by Borrelia spirochetes, poses a significant threat to public health. While acaricides effectively control ticks on pets and livestock, their impact on pathogen transmission is often unclear. This study investigated the acaricidal efficacy of fipronil against Ixodes ricinus ticks and its potential to block Borrelia afzelii transmission. Initially, we employed the ex vivo membrane blood-feeding system to assess the dose–response acaricidal activity of ivermectin, fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone, when supplemented in the blood meal throughout tick feeding. To obtain the temporal resolution of their acaricidal activity, ticks were allowed to initiate blood feeding on an artificial membrane before being exposed to a 1-time topical application of these acaricides. Fipronil demonstrated superior speed of acaricidal activity, with onset of tick moribundity within a few hours, prompting its selection for further in vivo testing with Borrelia-infected ticks. The I. ricinus nymphs infected with B. afzelii were topically treated with fipronil shortly after attachment to mice. Four weeks post-feeding, the skin and internal organs were examined for the presence of Borrelia. No spirochetes were detected in any organ of mice exposed to fipronil-treated ticks, while 9 out of 10 control mice, exposed to non-treated infectious ticks, displayed Borrelia infection. The in vitro co-culture experiments confirmed that fipronil had no direct effect on Borrelia viability, indicating a tick-directed effect. Overall, these results underline the potential of fipronil as a valuable tool for tick control strategies and suggest a concept for acaricide-mediated Borrelia-transmission blockers.
- MeSH
- akaricidy * farmakologie MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- klíště * mikrobiologie účinky léků MeSH
- lymeská nemoc * prevence a kontrola přenos mikrobiologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nymfa mikrobiologie účinky léků MeSH
- pyrazoly * farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- amoxicilin terapeutické užití MeSH
- dermatózy ruky * diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- edém etiologie MeSH
- erytém etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postboreliový syndrom * diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to analyse the risks of Lyme borreliosis (LB) among 1,070 forestry workers, the influence of responsible behaviour (use of repellents, skin self-inspection) on Borrelia screening result status, and the occurrence of immediate and mid-term symptoms after tick bites and LB positive serological screening test. METHODS: The questionnaire was conducted as well as blood tests for LB disease by one-stage serological screening procedure using ELISA for specific B. burgdorferi IgM and IgG antibodies (EuroImmun AG company, Germany). RESULTS: While 39.6% of foresters were LB positive among bitten foresters, as many as 27.0% were LB positive among those, who did not recall any tick attacks at all. Individuals with known history of tick bites had significantly higher odds (1.770×) of being LB positive (p < 0.05), while the use of repellents or skin self-inspection after visiting woods had no influence on LB results. The odds of skin discolouration after tick bites was significantly lower (0.682×) in case of LB positive test compared to LB negative test (p < 0.05), which can be explained by the fact that foresters could be unaware about erythema migrans appearance and timing, considering tick bite and developed later rash as completely separate events. Moreover, 69.1% of the bitten foresters with LB positive result developed no secondary symptoms (excluding those related to the skin), and the most frequent clinical symptoms were arthralgia (24.9%), followed by myalgia (7.6%), headache (5.7%), and damage to facial nerve (2.7%), which are non-specific and can be present in other illnesses. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the recommendations proposed would be the regular laboratory testing for LB of sensitive and at-risk population, who visits endemic woody areas, irrespective of all other factors involved.
- MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- klíště * MeSH
- kousnutí klíštětem * MeSH
- lesnictví MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc * epidemiologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Německo MeSH
UNLABELLED: Lyme disease, caused by spirochetes in the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato clade within the Borrelia genus, is transmitted by Ixodes ticks and is currently the most prevalent and rapidly expanding tick-borne disease in Europe and North America. We report complete genome sequences of 47 isolates that encompass all established species in this clade while highlighting the diversity of the widespread human pathogenic species B. burgdorferi. A similar set of plasmids has been maintained throughout Borrelia divergence, indicating that they are a key adaptive feature of this genus. Phylogenetic reconstruction of all sequenced Borrelia genomes revealed the original divergence of Eurasian and North American lineages and subsequent dispersals that introduced B. garinii, B. bavariensis, B. lusitaniae, B. valaisiana, and B. afzelii from East Asia to Europe and B. burgdorferi and B. finlandensis from North America to Europe. Molecular phylogenies of the universally present core replicons (chromosome and cp26 and lp54 plasmids) are highly consistent, revealing a strong clonal structure. Nonetheless, numerous inconsistencies between the genome and gene phylogenies indicate species dispersal, genetic exchanges, and rapid sequence evolution at plasmid-borne loci, including key host-interacting lipoprotein genes. While localized recombination occurs uniformly on the main chromosome at a rate comparable to mutation, lipoprotein-encoding loci are recombination hotspots on the plasmids, suggesting adaptive maintenance of recombinant alleles at loci directly interacting with the host. We conclude that within- and between-species recombination facilitates adaptive sequence evolution of host-interacting lipoprotein loci and contributes to human virulence despite a genome-wide clonal structure of its natural populations. IMPORTANCE: Lyme disease (also called Lyme borreliosis in Europe), a condition caused by spirochete bacteria of the genus Borrelia, transmitted by hard-bodied Ixodes ticks, is currently the most prevalent and rapidly expanding tick-borne disease in the United States and Europe. Borrelia interspecies and intraspecies genome comparisons of Lyme disease-related bacteria are essential to reconstruct their evolutionary origins, track epidemiological spread, identify molecular mechanisms of human pathogenicity, and design molecular and ecological approaches to disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. These Lyme disease-associated bacteria harbor complex genomes that encode many genes that do not have homologs in other organisms and are distributed across multiple linear and circular plasmids. The functional significance of most of the plasmid-borne genes and the multipartite genome organization itself remains unknown. Here we sequenced, assembled, and analyzed whole genomes of 47 Borrelia isolates from around the world, including multiple isolates of the human pathogenic species. Our analysis elucidates the evolutionary origins, historical migration, and sources of genomic variability of these clinically important pathogens. We have developed web-based software tools (BorreliaBase.org) to facilitate dissemination and continued comparative analysis of Borrelia genomes to identify determinants of human pathogenicity.
- MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex genetika klasifikace MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi genetika klasifikace MeSH
- Borrelia genetika klasifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genom bakteriální * MeSH
- interakce mikroorganismu a hostitele genetika MeSH
- klíště mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipoproteiny * genetika MeSH
- lymeská nemoc * mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- rekombinace genetická * MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- selekce (genetika) * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Severní Amerika MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex MeSH
- imunoanalýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc * diagnóza epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lymská neuroborelióza diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- ceftriaxon farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- doxycyklin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- erythema chronicum migrans diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lymská neuroborelióza diagnóza komplikace mikrobiologie MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální analýza klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
