PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a simple, robust, and easy-to-use calibration procedure for correcting misalignments in rosette MRI k-space sampling, with the objective of producing images with minimal artifacts. METHODS: Quick automatic calibration scans were proposed for the beginning of the measurement to collect information on the time course of the rosette acquisition trajectory. A two-parameter model was devised to match the measured time-varying readout gradient delays and approximate the actual rosette sampling trajectory. The proposed calibration approach was implemented, and performance assessment was conducted on both phantoms and human subjects. RESULTS: The fidelity of phantom and in vivo images exhibited significant improvement compared with uncorrected rosette data. The two-parameter calibration approach also demonstrated enhanced precision and reliability, as evidenced by quantitative T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ relaxometry analyses. CONCLUSION: Adequate correction of data sampling is a crucial step in rosette MRI. The presented experimental results underscore the robustness, ease of implementation, and suitability for routine experimental use of the proposed two-parameter rosette trajectory calibration approach.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• artefakty * MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické * MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody   MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Dual velocity encoding PC-MRI can produce spurious artifacts when using high ratios of velocity encoding values (VENCs), limiting its ability to generate high-quality images across a wide range of encoding velocities. This study aims to propose and compare dual-VENC correction methods for such artifacts. THEORY AND METHODS: Two denoising approaches based on spatiotemporal regularization are proposed and compared with a state-of-the-art method based on sign correction. Accuracy is assessed using simulated data from an aorta and brain aneurysm, as well as 8 two-dimensional (2D) PC-MRI ascending aorta datasets. Two temporal resolutions (30,60) ms and noise levels (9,12) dB are considered, with noise added to the complex magnetization. The error is evaluated with respect to the noise-free measurement in the synthetic case and to the unwrapped image without additional noise in the volunteer datasets. RESULTS: In all studied cases, the proposed methods are more accurate than the Sign Correction technique. Using simulated 2D+T data from the aorta (60 ms, 9 dB), the Dual-VENC (DV) error 0.82±0.07$$ 0.82\pm 0.07 $$ is reduced to: 0.66±0.04$$ 0.66\pm 0.04 $$ (Sign Correction); 0.34±0.04$$ 0.34\pm 0.04 $$ and 0.32±0.04$$ 0.32\pm 0.04 $$ (proposed techniques). The methods are found to be significantly different (p-value <0.05$$ <0.05 $$ ). Importantly, brain aneurysm data revealed that the Sign Correction method is not suitable, as it increases error when the flow is not unidirectional. All three methods improve the accuracy of in vivo data. CONCLUSION: The newly proposed methods outperform the Sign Correction method in improving dual-VENC PC-MRI images. Among them, the approach based on temporal differences has shown the highest accuracy.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• aorta * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• artefakty * MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
• interpretace obrazu počítačem metody   MeSH
• intrakraniální aneurysma diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody   MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * metody   MeSH
• poměr signál - šum * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Investigation determines the beneficial effect of bergaptol against gestational diabetes (GD). Gestational diabetes was induced in female rats and treated them with bergaptol 20 and 40 mg/kg for eighteen days. Effect of bergaptol was assessed on blood glucose and insulin level in GD rat. Inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress parameters were also assessed in GD rats. Moreover, mRNA expression of INSR, NF-kappaB, Akt and GSK-3beta were assessed in the GD rats by qRT-PCR method. In silico network pharmacology study was performed, along with gene ontology and egg pathway to assessed the targets of bergaptol, molecular docking study was also performed for the confirmation of possible pathway involved in the management of GD. Blood glucose and insulin level was significantly reduces in the blood bergaptol treated group than GD group of rats. Treatment with bergaptol ameliorates the altered level of mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress parameters in GD rats. There was significant reduction in the mRNA expression of NF-kappaB and GSK-3beta and increase in expression of INSR and Akt in the tissue homogenate of bergaptol treated GD rats. Docking study shows effective binding strength of bergaptol individually with INSR, NF-kappaB, Akt and GSK-3beta-protein targets. In conclusion, data of investigation suggest that bergaptol improves the sensitivity of insulin receptor in GD, as it reduces parameters of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators by regulating INSR/NF-kappaB/Akt/GSK-3beta pathway. Key words Gestational diabetes, Bergaptol, Insulin resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative stress.

• MeSH
• experimentální diabetes mellitus * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• gestační diabetes * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * fyziologie   MeSH
• kinasa glykogensynthasy 3beta metabolismus   MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptor inzulinu metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zánět farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The utilization of 3D printing- digital light processing (DLP) technique, for the direct fabrication of microneedles encounters the problem of drug solubility in printing resin, especially if it is predominantly composed of water. The possible solution how to ensure ideal belonging of drug and water-based printing resin is its pre-formulation in nanosuspension such as nanocrystals. This study investigates the feasibility of this approach on a resin containing nanocrystals of imiquimod (IMQ), an active used in (pre)cancerous skin conditions, well known for its problematic solubility and bioavailability. The resin blend of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate as a photoinitiator, was used, mixed with IMQ nanocrystals in water. The final microneedle-patches had 36 cylindrical microneedles arranged in a square grid, measuring approximately 600 μm in height and 500 μm in diameter. They contained 5wt% IMQ, which is equivalent to a commercially available cream. The homogeneity of IMQ distribution in the matrix was higher for nanocrystals compared to usual crystalline form. The release of IMQ from the patches was determined ex vivo in natural skin and revealed a 48% increase in efficacy for nanocrystal formulations compared to the crystalline form of IMQ.

• MeSH
• 3D tisk * MeSH
• aplikace kožní MeSH
• imichimod * chemie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• jehly * MeSH
• kožní absorpce MeSH
• kůže metabolismus   MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• mikroinjekce přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• nanočástice * chemie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly chemie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• povidon chemie   MeSH
• rozpustnost * MeSH
• uvolňování léčiv MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Příručka, která se zaměřuje na psychologii a komunikaci mezi rodiči a dětmi a na vztah k a interakce v online prostoru. Určeno široké veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• chování dětí MeSH
• chování mladistvých MeSH
• dětská psychologie MeSH
• internet MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• kyberšikana MeSH
• netholismus * MeSH
• psychologie adolescentů MeSH
• vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Sociální interakce
• NLK Obory
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• sociologie

Súhrn Detská chirurgia je lekárska špecializácia, ktorá sa zameriava na diagnostiku, liečbu a pooperačnú starostlivosť o deti s vrodenými a získanými anomáliami a chorobami. Cieľom detských chirurgov je zabezpečiť, aby deti dostali najlepšiu možnú starostlivosť a aby sa minimalizovali riziká a komplikácie spojené s chirurgickými zákrokmi. Súčasní detskí chirurgovia čelia mnohým výzvam, vrátane malému počtu detí s vrodenými vývojovými chybami; ekonomické tlaky a snaha o zvýšenie efektivity vedú k znižovaniu času stráveného na jednotlivých operáciách, čo môže obmedzovať možnosť dôkladného tréningu mladých chirurgov. Tieto výzvy vyžadujú inovatívne prístupy a neustále zlepšovanie vzdelávacích a tréningových metód. Minimálne invazívna chirurgia sa stala významnou súčasťou detskej chirurgie, prinášajúc benefity ako rýchlejšie zotavenie, menšie operačné rany a nižšie riziko infekcie. Avšak, minimálne invazívna detská chirurgia je technicky náročná a vyžaduje excelentnú technickú zručnosť. Potreba udržiavať a zlepšovať chirurgické zručnosti vyžaduje neustály tréning. Súčasné vzdelávacie metódy sa čoraz viac spoliehajú na simulačné technológie, aby sa zlepšila kvalita a bezpečnosť tréningu s čo najnižším rizikom pre pacientov. Integrácia technológie 3D tlače a obrazových dát z CT a MR skenov priniesla nové možnosti na tvorbu vysoko realistických simulačných modelov pre minimálne invazívnu chirurgiu. Tieto modely presne replikujú prostredie, s ktorým sa stretávame napr. pri novorodeneckej chirurgii. V tomto článku uvádzame vlastné skúsenosti s vývojom a tvorbou 3D tlačených syntetických modelov určených na tréning torakoskopickej operácie atrézie pažeráka s tracheoezofageálnou fistulou. Cieľom tohto súhrnného článku je poskytnúť aktuálny prehľad literatúry venujúcej sa syntetickým 3D tlačeným modelom určeným pre tréning minimálne invazívnej detskej chirurgie.

Summary Pediatric surgery is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative care of children with congenital and acquired anomalies and diseases. The goal of pediatric surgeons is to ensure that children receive the best possible care while minimizing the risks and complications associated with surgical procedures. Contemporary pediatric surgeons face many challenges, including a decline in the number of children with congenital developmental defects, economic pressures, and efforts to increase efficiency, leading to reduced time spent on individual surgeries. This can limit the opportunity for thorough training of young surgeons. These challenges require innovative approaches and continuous improvement in educational and training methods. Minimally invasive surgery has become a significant part of pediatric surgery, offering benefits such as faster recovery, smaller surgical wounds, and lower risk of infection. However, minimally invasive pediatric surgery is technically demanding and requires excellent technical skills. The need to maintain and improve surgical skills demands ongoing training. Current educational methods increasingly rely on simulation technologies to enhance the quality and safety of training without risk to patients. The integration of 3D printing technology and imaging data from CT and MRI scans has opened new possibilities for creating highly realistic simulation models for minimally invasive surgery. These models accurately replicate the environment encountered in procedures like neonatal surgery. In this article, we present our experience with the development and creation of 3D-printed synthetic models designed for training thoracoscopic surgery of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. The aim of this review article is to provide an up-to-date overview of the literature on synthetic 3D-printed models designed for training in minimally invasive pediatric surgery.

• MeSH
• anatomické modely MeSH
• atrézie jícnu chirurgie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony * výchova   MeSH
• simulace přesné reality pro potřeby výcviku MeSH
• tréninková simulace * MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH

Arterial compliance (AC) is an important cardiovascular parameter characterizing mechanical properties of arteries. AC is significantly influenced by arterial wall structure and vasomotion, and it markedly influences cardiac load. A new method, based on a two-element Windkessel model, has been recently proposed for estimating AC as the ratio of the time constant T of the diastolic blood pressure decay and peripheral vascular resistance derived from clinically available stroke volume measurements and selected peripheral blood pressure parameters which are less prone to peripheral distortions. The aim of this study was to validate AC estimation using a virtual population generated by in silico model of the systemic arterial tree. In the second part of study, we analysed causal coupling between AC oscillations and variability of its potential determinants - systolic blood pressure and heart rate in healthy young human subjects. The pool of virtual subjects (n=3818) represented an extensive AC distribution. AC was estimated from the peripheral blood pressure curve and by the standard method from the aortic blood pressure curve. The proposed method slightly overestimated AC set in the model but both ACs were strongly correlated (r=0.94, p<0.001). In real data, we observed that AC dynamics was coupled with basic cardiovascular parameters variability independently of the autonomic nervous system state. In silico analysis suggests that AC can be reliably estimated by noninvasive method. The analysis of short-term AC variability together with its determinants could improve our understanding of factors involved in AC dynamics potentially improving assessment of AC changes associated with atherosclerosis process. Key words Arterial compliance, Cardiovascular model, Arterial blood pressure, Causal analysis, Volume-clamp photoplethysmography.

• MeSH
• arterie * fyziologie   MeSH
• cévní rezistence fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• krevní tlak * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• modely kardiovaskulární * MeSH
• počítačová simulace * MeSH
• poddajnost MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• tuhost cévní stěny fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins (FPOP) is a promising technique for studying protein structure and dynamics. The quality of insight provided by FPOP depends on the reliability of the determination of the modification site. This study investigates the performance of two search engines, Mascot and PEAKS, for the data processing of FPOP analyses. Comparison of Mascot and PEAKS of the hemoglobin--haptoglobin Bruker timsTOF data set (PXD021621) revealed greater consistency in the Mascot identification of modified peptides, with around 26% of the IDs being mutual for all three replicates, compared to approximately 22% for PEAKS. The intersection between Mascot and PEAKS results revealed a limited number (31%) of shared modified peptides. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the peptide-spectrum match (PSM) score, site probability, and peptide intensity was applied to evaluate the results, and the analyses revealed distinct clusters of modified peptides. Mascot showed the ability to assess confident site determination, even with lower PSM scores. However, high PSM scores from PEAKS did not guarantee a reliable determination of the modification site. Fragmentation coverage of the modification position played a crucial role in Mascot assignments, while the AScore localizations from PEAKS often become ambiguous because the software employs MS/MS merging.

• MeSH
• peptidy * analýza   MeSH
• proteiny analýza   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• software MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Endometrial biopsies are important in the diagnostic workup of women who present with abnormal uterine bleeding or hereditary risk of endometrial cancer. In general, approximately 10% of all endometrial biopsies demonstrate endometrial (pre)malignancy that requires specific treatment. As the diagnostic evaluation of mostly benign cases results in a substantial workload for pathologists, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted preselection of biopsies could optimize the workflow. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of AI-assisted diagnosis for endometrial biopsies (endometrial Pipelle biopsy computer-aided diagnosis), trained on daily-practice whole-slide images instead of highly selected images. Endometrial biopsies were classified into 6 clinically relevant categories defined as follows: nonrepresentative, normal, nonneoplastic, hyperplasia without atypia, hyperplasia with atypia, and malignant. The agreement among 15 pathologists, within these classifications, was evaluated in 91 endometrial biopsies. Next, an algorithm (trained on a total of 2819 endometrial biopsies) rated the same 91 cases, and we compared its performance using the pathologist's classification as the reference standard. The interrater reliability among pathologists was moderate with a mean Cohen's kappa of 0.51, whereas for a binary classification into benign vs (pre)malignant, the agreement was substantial with a mean Cohen's kappa of 0.66. The AI algorithm performed slightly worse for the 6 categories with a moderate Cohen's kappa of 0.43 but was comparable for the binary classification with a substantial Cohen's kappa of 0.65. AI-assisted diagnosis of endometrial biopsies was demonstrated to be feasible in discriminating between benign and (pre)malignant endometrial tissues, even when trained on unselected cases. Endometrial premalignancies remain challenging for both pathologists and AI algorithms. Future steps to improve reliability of the diagnosis are needed to achieve a more refined AI-assisted diagnostic solution for endometrial biopsies that covers both premalignant and malignant diagnoses.

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• hyperplazie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítače * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• umělá inteligence * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Allelic variability in the adaptive immune receptor loci, which harbor the gene segments that encode B cell and T cell receptors (BCR/TCR), is of critical importance for immune responses to pathogens and vaccines. Adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) has become widespread in immunology research making it the most readily available source of information about allelic diversity in immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) loci. Here, we present a novel algorithm for extrasensitive and specific variable (V) and joining (J) gene allele inference, allowing the reconstruction of individual high-quality gene segment libraries. The approach can be applied for inferring allelic variants from peripheral blood lymphocyte BCR and TCR repertoire sequencing data, including hypermutated isotype-switched BCR sequences, thus allowing high-throughput novel allele discovery from a wide variety of existing data sets. The developed algorithm is a part of the MiXCR software. We demonstrate the accuracy of this approach using AIRR-seq paired with long-read genomic sequencing data, comparing it to a widely used algorithm, TIgGER. We applied the algorithm to a large set of IG heavy chain (IGH) AIRR-seq data from 450 donors of ancestrally diverse population groups, and to the largest reported full-length TCR alpha and beta chain (TRA and TRB) AIRR-seq data set, representing 134 individuals. This allowed us to assess the genetic diversity within the IGH, TRA, and TRB loci in different populations and to establish a database of alleles of V and J genes inferred from AIRR-seq data and their population frequencies with free public access through VDJ.online database.

• MeSH
• alely * MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• receptory antigenů B-buněk genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• receptory antigenů T-buněk genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA metody   MeSH
• software * MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH