OBJECTIVES: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a common causative pathogen of pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of PA ICU pneumonia (PAIP) and to quantify its independent association with PA colonization at different body sites. METHODS: Adult patients on mechanical ventilation at ICU admission were prospectively enrolled across 30 European ICUs. PA colonization in the perianal area and in the lower respiratory tract was assessed within 72 hours after ICU admission and twice weekly until ICU discharge. PAIP development was evaluated daily. Competing risk models with colonization as a time-varying exposure and ICU death and discharge as competing events were fitted and adjusted for confounders to investigate the association between PA carriage and PAIP. RESULTS: A total of 1971 subjects were enrolled. The colonization prevalence with PA in the first 72 hours of ICU admission was 10.4% (179 perianal and 51 respiratory), whereas the acquisition incidence during the ICU stay was 7.0% (158 perianal and 47 respiratory). Of the 43 (1.8%) patients who developed PAIP, 11 (25.6%) were PA colonized on admission and 9 (20.9%) acquired colonization before PAIP onset. Both perianal (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.7-11.6) and respiratory colonization (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio: 4.6, 95% CI, 1.9-11.1) were independently associated with PAIP development. DISCUSSION: PAIP incidence was higher in PA colonized vs. non-colonized patients. Colonization of both the rectum and of the respiratory tract was associated with development of PAIP. The increased risk of PA colonization for subsequent infection provides an opportunity for targeted preventive interventions.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Cross Infection epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Intensive Care Units * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Carrier State epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Pseudomonas Infections * epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa * isolation & purification MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients remains the leading cause of admission to the ICU, with high case fatality. The response to the initial oxygenation strategy may be predictive of outcome. This study aims to assess the response to the evolutionary profiles of oxygenation strategy and the association with survival. DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of EFRAIM study with a nonparametric longitudinal clustering technique (longitudinal K-mean). SETTING AND PATIENTS: Multinational, observational prospective cohort study performed in critically ill immunocompromised patients admitted for an acute respiratory failure. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1547 patients who did not require invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV) at ICU admission were included. Change in ventilatory support was assessed and three clusters of change in oxygenation modality over time were identified. Cluster A: 12.3% iMV requirement and high survival rate, n = 717 patients (46.3%); cluster B: 32.9% need for iMV, 97% ICU mortality, n = 499 patients (32.3%); and cluster C: 37.5% need for iMV, 0.3% ICU mortality, n = 331 patients (21.4%). These clusters demonstrated a high discrimination. After adjustment for confounders, clusters B and C were independently associated with need for iMV (odds ratio [OR], 9.87; 95% CI, 7.26-13.50 and OR, 19.8; 95% CI, 13.7-29.1). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified three distinct highly performing clusters of response to initial oxygenation strategy, which reliably predicted the need for iMV requirement and hospital mortality.
- MeSH
- Hypoxia * therapy mortality MeSH
- Immunocompromised Host * MeSH
- Intensive Care Units statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Critical Illness mortality therapy MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hospital Mortality MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy * methods MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Respiratory Insufficiency * therapy mortality MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial * methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Observational Study MeSH
PURPOSE: Hyperoxemia is common in patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and may increase the risk of mortality. However, the effect of hyperoxemia on functional outcome, specifically related to the timing of exposure to hyperoxemia, remains unclear. METHODS: The secondary analysis of the Target Temperature Management 2 (TTM-2) randomized trial. The primary aim was to identify the best cut-off of partial arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to predict poor functional outcome within the first 24 h from admission, with this period further separated into 'very early' (0-4 h), 'early' (8-24 h), and 'late' (28-72 h) periods. Hyperoxemia was defined as the highest PaO2 recorded during each period. Poor functional outcome was defined as a 6 months modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 4 to 6. RESULTS: A total of 1,631 patients were analysed for the 'very early' and 'early' periods, and 1,591 in the 'late period'. In a multivariate logistic regression model, a PaO2 above 245 mmHg during the very early phase was independently associated with a higher probability of poor functional outcome (Odds Ratio, OR = 1.63, 95 % Confidence Interval, CI 1.08-2.44, p = 0.019). No significant associations were found for the later periods. CONCLUSIONS: Very early hyperoxemia after ICU admission is associated with higher risk of poor functional outcome after OHCA. Avoiding hyperoxia in the initial hours after resuscitation should be considered.
- MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Hyperoxia * complications etiology MeSH
- Intensive Care Units statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation * methods MeSH
- Oxygen blood MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Hypothermia, Induced methods adverse effects MeSH
- Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest * therapy mortality MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of intravenous (IV) fluid restriction on time to resolution of hyperlactatemia in septic shock. Hyperlactatemia in sepsis is associated with worse outcome. Sepsis guidelines suggest targeting lactate clearance to guide fluid therapy despite the complexity of hyperlactatemia and the potential harm of fluid overload. METHODS: We conducted a post hoc analysis of serial plasma lactate concentrations in a sub-cohort of 777 patients from the international multicenter clinical CLASSIC trial (restriction of intravenous fluids in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with septic shock). Adult ICU patients with septic shock had been randomized to restrictive (n = 385) or standard (n = 392) intravenous fluid therapy. The primary outcome, time to resolution of hyperlactatemia, was analyzed with a competing-risks regression model. Death and discharge were competing outcomes, and administrative censoring was imposed 72 h after randomization if hyperlactatemia persisted. The regression analysis was adjusted for the same stratification variables and covariates as in the original CLASSIC trial analysis. RESULTS: The hazard ratios (HRs) for the cumulative probability of resolution of hyperlactatemia, in the restrictive vs the standard group, in the unadjusted analysis, with time split, were 0.94 (confidence interval (CI) 0.78-1.14) at day 1 and 1.21 (0.89-1.65) at day 2-3. The adjusted analyses were consistent with the unadjusted results. CONCLUSION: In this post hoc retrospective analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT), a restrictive intravenous fluid strategy did not seem to affect the time to resolution of hyperlactatemia in adult ICU patients with septic shock.
- MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Hyperlactatemia * etiology MeSH
- Intensive Care Units * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Lactic Acid blood MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Shock, Septic * therapy complications blood mortality MeSH
- Fluid Therapy * methods standards MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
Tato práce analyzuje prostorová uspořádání jednotek intenzivní péče pro dospělé (JIP), které vznikly v České republice v roce 2023 v rámci výzvy REACT 98. Bylo provedeno srovnávací hodnocení 17 JIP, které porovnává konstrukční prvky těchto jednotek s posledními doporučeními Evropské společnosti intenzivní medicíny z roku 2011. Šetření se zaměřuje na klíčové parametry, jako je prostorové uspořádání, kapacita lůžek, plocha vyhrazená kolem lůžka pacienta, přístup k přirozenému světlu, dostupnost toalety pro nemocného, prostor pro rodinné příslušníky. Studie konstatuje, že většina hodnocených projektů ve sledovaných parametrech navrhovaná doporučení nenaplňuje a nelze je vnímat jako příklady ideální praxe či vzorové modely architektonické evoluce. Pro budoucnost je důležité, aby vývoj uspořádání JIP odpovídal současným lékařským poznatkům, respektoval doporučení a pomáhal v dosažení optimálního prostředí JIP, které je klíčové pro zlep šení péče o pacienty.
This paper analyses the spatial layout of adult intensive care units (ICUs) that were built in the Czech Republic in 2023 under the REACT 98 call. A comparative evaluation was performed to compare the design features of these units with the latest recommendations of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine from 2011. The investigation focuses on key parameters such as spatial layout, bed capacity, area dedicated around the patient's bed, access to natural light, availability of toilet facilities for the patient, family areas. The study concludes that most of the evaluated projects do not fulfil the proposed recommendations in the parameters studied and cannot be seen as examples of ideal practice or models of architectural evolution. For the future, it is important that the evolution of ICU layout responds to current medical knowledge, respects the recommendations, and helps in achieving an optimal ICU environment, which is crucial for improving patient care.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Intensive Care Units * organization & administration statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lighting MeSH
- Patients' Rooms organization & administration MeSH
- Health Facility Environment methods organization & administration statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Hospital Design and Construction * methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hematologic Neoplasms * complications epidemiology MeSH
- Intensive Care Units * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Critical Illness * MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Letter MeSH
IMPORTANCE: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is common among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite multiple randomized clinical trials of hemoglobin (Hb) thresholds for transfusion, little is known about how these thresholds are incorporated into current practice. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and describe ICU RBC transfusion practices worldwide. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: International, prospective, cohort study that involved 3643 adult patients from 233 ICUs in 30 countries on 6 continents from March 2019 to October 2022 with data collection in prespecified weeks. EXPOSURE: ICU stay. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the occurrence of RBC transfusion during ICU stay. Additional outcomes included the indication(s) for RBC transfusion (consisting of clinical reasons and physiological triggers), the stated Hb threshold and actual measured Hb values before and after an RBC transfusion, and the number of units transfused. RESULTS: Among 3908 potentially eligible patients, 3643 were included across 233 ICUs (median of 11 patients per ICU [IQR, 5-20]) in 30 countries on 6 continents. Among the participants, the mean (SD) age was 61 (16) years, 62% were male (2267/3643), and the median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 3.2 (IQR, 1.5-6.0). A total of 894 patients (25%) received 1 or more RBC transfusions during their ICU stay, with a median total of 2 units per patient (IQR, 1-4). The proportion of patients who received a transfusion ranged from 0% to 100% across centers, from 0% to 80% across countries, and from 19% to 45% across continents. Among the patients who received a transfusion, a total of 1727 RBC transfusions were administered, wherein the most common clinical indications were low Hb value (n = 1412 [81.8%]; mean [SD] lowest Hb before transfusion, 7.4 [1.2] g/dL), active bleeding (n = 479; 27.7%), and hemodynamic instability (n = 406 [23.5%]). Among the events with a stated physiological trigger, the most frequently stated triggers were hypotension (n = 728 [42.2%]), tachycardia (n = 474 [27.4%]), and increased lactate levels (n = 308 [17.8%]). The median lowest Hb level on days with an RBC transfusion ranged from 5.2 g/dL to 13.1 g/dL across centers, from 5.3 g/dL to 9.1 g/dL across countries, and from 7.2 g/dL to 8.7 g/dL across continents. Approximately 84% of ICUs administered transfusions to patients at a median Hb level greater than 7 g/dL. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: RBC transfusion was common in patients admitted to ICUs worldwide between 2019 and 2022, with high variability across centers in transfusion practices.
- MeSH
- Anemia * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hemoglobins MeSH
- Intensive Care Units statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Erythrocyte Transfusion adverse effects statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Transfusion Medicine * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Sepsis is the most common cause of in-hospital deaths, especially from low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to investigate the mortality rate and associated factors from sepsis in intensive care units (ICUs) in an LMIC. We did a multicenter cross-sectional study of septic patients presenting to 15 adult ICUs throughout Vietnam on the 4 days representing the different seasons of 2019. Of 252 patients, 40.1% died in hospital and 33.3% died in ICU. ICUs with accredited training programs (odds ratio, OR: 0.309; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.122-0.783) and completion of the 3-h sepsis bundle (OR: 0.294; 95% CI 0.083-1.048) were associated with decreased hospital mortality. ICUs with intensivist-to-patient ratio of 1:6 to 8 (OR: 4.533; 95% CI 1.621-12.677), mechanical ventilation (OR: 3.890; 95% CI 1.445-10.474) and renal replacement therapy (OR: 2.816; 95% CI 1.318-6.016) were associated with increased ICU mortality, in contrast to non-surgical source control (OR: 0.292; 95% CI 0.126-0.678) which was associated with decreased ICU mortality. Improvements are needed in the management of sepsis in Vietnam such as increasing resources in critical care settings, making accredited training programs more available, improving compliance with sepsis bundles of care, and treating underlying illness and shock optimally in septic patients.
- MeSH
- Risk Assessment statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Intensive Care Units statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hospital Mortality MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Sepsis mortality therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Observational Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Vietnam MeSH
Cíl studie: Charakterizovat pacienty s covidem-19 hospitalizované na naší JIP, zjistit jejich mortalitu a výskyt komorbidit považovaných za rizikové faktory pro těžký průběh nemoci. Metodika: Retrospektivní observační studie na JIP vyššího typu s 5-8 lůžky. Populace 91 dospělých pacientů s covidem-19 vyžadujících intenzivní péči. Výsledky: Průměrný věk pacientů byl 67 let (38-88). Nejčastějšími komorbiditami byly hypertenze (56 pacientů, 61%) a diabetes (35 pacientů, 38%). 24 pacientů (26%) bylo obézních s BMI 30-40, 10 nemocných (11%) s BMI >40. Průměrné SOFA skóre při příjmu bylo 3,5 (1-10). Jako maximální ventilační podpora byla použita HFNO (high flow nasal oxygen) terapie u 14 (15%) pacientů (z nich 9 mělo limitaci terapie ve smyslu nezahajování invazivní plicní ventilace (D.N.I.)), neinvazivní plicní ventilace (NIV) u 17 (18%) pacientů (z nich 9 mělo limitaci péče ve smyslu D.N.I.). Stav 37 (40%) pacientů si vyžádal intubaci a připojení na UPV (umělou plicní ventilaci). Celková mortalita v našem souboru byla 37% (34 pacientů). U pacientů s 2 a více komorbiditami byla mortalita 46%, u nemocných bez komorbidit 44% (jednalo se ale jen o 4 nemocné vysokého věku). Pokud jde o věkové rozložení, nejvyšší mortalita byla ve věkové skupině 80-90 let (89%). Ve skupině pacientů mladších 50 let byla v našem souboru mortalita překvapivě vysoká (27%), jednalo se ale celkem o 3 pacienty. Mortalita pacientů, jejichž stav si vyžádal invazivní umělou plicní ventilaci, byla 43%. Závěr: Mortalita pacientů s covidem-19 na naší JIP za sledované období byla 37%, což je výrazně vyšší než za stejné období v letech 2019-2020 před začátkem pandemie. Mortalita stoupala se stoupajícím věkem. Téměř všichni pacienti měli některou z výše uvedených komorbidit.
Objectives: To determinate characteristics of covid-19 patients in our ICU, to determinate mortality and presence of comorbidities considered as risk factor for severe course of disease. Methods: Retrospective observation study in ICU with 5-8 beds. Population of 91 adults with covid-19 admitted to ICU. Results: Median age was 67 years (38-88). Hypertension (56 patients, 61%) and diabetes (35 patients, 38%) were the most common comorbidities. 24 patients (26%) were obese with BMI 30-40, 10 patients (11%) with BMI >40. Average SOFA score on admission was 3,5 (1-10). HFNO (high flow nasal oxygen) therapy was the highest ventilation support used in 14 (15%) patients (while 9 (64%) of them had limitation of therapy by order D.N.I.), NIV (non-invasive ventilation) in 17 (18%) patients (9 of them (52%) had limitation of therapy with order D.N.I.). Conditions of 37 (40%) patients required intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. Overall mortality in our cohort was 37%. Mortality of patients with 2 or more comorbidities was 46%, mortality of patients without comorbidities was 44% (in total 4 patients with high age). The highest mortality was in the group of patients 80-90 years (89%). Mortality in the group of patients younger than 50 years was surprisingly high (27%), but these were 3 patients in total. Mortality of patients requiring IPV was 43%. Conclusion: Mortality of covid-19 patients in our ICU was 37% which is much higher than mortality in the same period in 2019 and 2020 before the beginning of pandemic. Mortality increased with higher age. Almost all our patients had at least one of the comorbidities mentioned above.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * mortality MeSH
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment MeSH
- Hospitalization statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Intensive Care Units * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Advance Directives statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Critical Care statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Observational Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
