Urinary metabolomic profiles have recently drawn a lot of attention owing to a debate regarding their possible role as potential clinical markers for prostate cancer. As was shown, amino acid metabolism in cancer patients differs from that in healthy people, and it can be thus utilized in early diagnostics. In this study, we monitored the behavior of potential noninvasive biomarker for prostate carcinoma, sarcosine, involved in the folate metabolism and DNA methylation processes, linked to the progression of prostate carcinoma. To obtain the maximum amount of information, the biochemical parameters (total protein, creatinine, ions, conductivity) were determined using spectrophotometry and electrochemistry. All results were subjected to statistical processing for revealing different correlations between the studied parameters. These metabolites were observed in the urine obtained from healthy subjects and influence of storage conditions (freezing and thawing) on the concentration of addition of sarcosine was monitored.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chromatografie iontoměničová * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolomika MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery metabolismus moč MeSH
- nádory prostaty metabolismus moč MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku * metody MeSH
- sarkosin * metabolismus moč MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- termodynamika MeSH
- zmrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family that is capable of infecting humans. Infection with HPV causes anogenital neoplastic lesions in men and in women. HPV is transmitted by sexual contact generally by asymptomatic carriers. These viruses establish productive infections only in keratinocytes of the skin or mucous membranes. Most HPV infections are subclinical and will cause no physical symptoms; however, in some peoples subclinical infections will become clinical and may cause benign papilloma or cancers, which mainly involve genital regions, and the head and neck areas. In this manuscript, we discuss HPV virology, the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the regulation of human oncogenes’ expression by E6 HPV 16 protein.
- Klíčová slova
- protein pRb,
- MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- karcinogeneze * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidský papilomavirus 16 * genetika MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 MeSH
- onkogenní proteiny virové * genetika MeSH
- onkogenní viry MeSH
- Papillomaviridae genetika MeSH
- slinné proteiny bohaté na prolin MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse group of DNA virus belonging to the family of the Papillomaviridae and represents one of the most common infections of sexual transmission. Papillomaviruses cannot be cultivated on tissue culture, so the DNA diagnostics is the main and accurate method for the detection of clinical specimens. Commonly used methods in laboratories include the use of the polymerase chain reaction. Conventional methods often do not specify the types of HPV and only distinguish the presence of high-risk or low-risk type of HPV. In recent decades, the number of techniques is based on diagnostic of human papillomavirus using nanotechnologies, such as nanoparticles, their modification, magnetic separation or antisense therapy. In the focus of this research is the preparation of a composite material, consisiting of graphene oxide and nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO), silver phhosphate (Ag3PO4) and silver. Graphene oxide was prepared by Hummers method, involving the oxidation of graphite flake in sulfuric acid with permanganate with subsequent addition of the necessary components for the formation of metal nanoparticles. Physicochemical methods are considered for their characterisation. The size of nanoparticles ranges from 50 – 200 nm. Subsequently, the antibacterial effect of composites was tested by disk method on bacterial cultures of S.aureus, E.coli, methicilin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Selenium nanoparticles exhibit the highest antibacterial activity from selected nanoparticles containing graphene oxide composite with an inhibitory zone with the size 5 ± 1 mm. Silver nanoparticles display also a distinguishable antibacterial effect with inhibition zones of 2 ± 1 mm. Graphene oxide which is modified by zinc oxide nanoparticles shows no inhibitory effect. The obtained results show suitability of the prepared composite materials as candidates for alternative antimicrobialmaterials.
- MeSH
- dysplazie děložního hrdla diagnóza genetika MeSH
- hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
- infekce papilomavirem * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikročipová analýza metody MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku diagnóza genetika prevence a kontrola MeSH
- nanočástice MeSH
- nanotechnologie * MeSH
- Papanicolaouův test MeSH
- Papillomaviridae genetika MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The family Filoviridae consists of three genera, the Ebolaviruses, Marburgviruses, and the recently described Cuevaviruses. The two first of them belong among the most virulent viruses. The Ebola viruses, respectively Zaire species of this genera is the causative agent of the biggest ebola outbreak, namely West Africa Ebola Outbreak, which started in 2014, and in which the case-mortality rate has been reported to be at about 50 percent, with the number of total cases exceeding twenty-four thousands[1]. In comparison with earlier Ebola outbreaks mortality have been higher (80 - 90 percent), but number of cases was a thousand times lower. In this study will be presented epidemiology and pathogenesis of Ebola virus disease including new findings resulting from the studies linked with 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa. The EVD epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characterization will be discussed in this study.
- MeSH
- epidemie MeSH
- hemoragická horečka Ebola * epidemiologie etiologie patofyziologie přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- virus Ebola patogenita MeSH
- zdroje nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- západní Afrika MeSH
Hemagglutinin (HA) is an antigenic glycoprotein, which is placed on the surface of the influenza viruses. It is responsible for binding the virus to the host cell, that is being infected. The name „hemagglutinin“ comes from the ability of protein to cause erythrocytes to agglutinate („clump together“). The process is like this: Hemagglutinin (HA) binds to the monosaccharide sialic acid which is present on the surface of its target host cells. The cell membrane then engulfs the virus through endocytosis and followed by formation of endosome. The cell then attempts to begin digesting the contents of the endosome by acidifying its interior and transforming it into a lysosome. When the pH decrease to 6.0, the HA molecule becomes partially unfold, and release a hydrophobic portion of peptide chain that was previously hidden. This so-called „fusion peptide“ acts like a molecular grapple hook for lock on the endosomal membrane. The rest of the HA molecule refolds into a new structure and pulls the endosomal membrane right up next to the viral membrane, causing the two to fuse together. When it happened, the viral RNA genome enters into the cell‘s cytoplasm.
Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) plays pivotal role in HIV-1 entry into the host cells, resulting from interaction of gp120 highly conservative CD4 binding site and CD4 receptor on the surface of CD4+ T cells. Therefore, gp120 became a major target in development of vaccines for HIV-1 management, based on competitive neutralization of gp120, disabling entry into the host cell. Present study describes the structure of HIV-1 virion and its pivotal protein - gp120, together with mechanism of viral entry through interaction between gp120 CD4 binding site and CD4 receptor. Finally, basic antibodies, suitable for HIV-1 vaccination are commented, with focus on RV144 or the Thai trial (ongoing clinical trial, phase III).
- Klíčová slova
- studie RV144 (Thai),
- MeSH
- antigeny CD4 imunologie MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty * MeSH
- HIV infekce * imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- HIV obalový protein gp120 * imunologie MeSH
- HIV protilátky MeSH
- HIV-1 imunologie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III jako téma MeSH
- konformace proteinů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- vakcíny proti AIDS MeSH
- vazba proteinů imunologie MeSH
- vazebná místa MeSH
- virion MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH