Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections. The aim of our study was to characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from blood of patients hospitalized in the Czech Republic between 2016 and 2018. All MRSA strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, analyzed by spa typing and clustered using a Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm. The representative isolates of the four most common spa types and representative isolates of all spa clonal complexes were further typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The majority of MRSA strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (94%), erythromycin (95.5%) and clindamycin (95.6%). Among the 618 strains analyzed, 52 different spa types were detected. BURP analysis divided them into six different clusters. The most common spa types were t003, t586, t014 and t002, all belonging to the CC5 (clonal complex). CC5 was the most abundant MLST CC of our study, comprising of 91.7% (n = 565) of spa-typeable isolates. Other CCs present in our study were CC398, CC22, CC8, CC45 and CC97. To our knowledge, this is the biggest nationwide study aimed at typing MRSA blood isolates from the Czech Republic.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pilus islet 1 (PI-1) and to determine its clade type in pneumococcal isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin (penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci - PNSP) and/or resistant to macrolides isolated prior to and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Clinical isolates of serotypes 9V (n = 68) and 19A (n = 89) were examined. Isolates were characterised by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The presence of PI-1 was determined by screening for the sortase B, C, and D genes located within PI-1. In the presence of PI-1 pilus, clade types were classified by PCR. RESULTS: In the pre-PCV period (2000-2007), the prevalence of PNSP was 3.9% and 2.7% of isolates were resistant to erythromycin. During 2012-2015 (post-PCV period), the rates of PNSP remained stable (3.6%), but resistance to erythromycin increased to 8.3%. While in 2000-2007, resistance to antibiotics was associated mainly with serotype 9V, in 2012-2015, it was replaced by serotype 19A. PI-1 positive isolates were seen in both serotypes. All isolates (68) of serotype 9V belonged to the Spain9V-3 (CC156) clone and carried PI-1 of clade type I while 96.5% (56/58) of isolates of 19A serotype belonged to the Netherlands15B-37 (CC199) clone and carried PI-1 of clade type II. CONCLUSIONS: Both major antibiotic resistant clones carried PI-1, although they differ in the clade type. Thus the role of PI-1 should be evaluated in further studies and potentially considered in the spread of antibiotic resistant clones.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- erythromycin MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence účinky léků genetika MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- peniciliny farmakologie MeSH
- pneumokokové vakcíny MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rezistence na penicilin MeSH
- séroskupina MeSH
- Streptococcus pneumoniae účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The aim of this study was to trace the dynamic changes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineages in the local hospital in both the national and international context. We describe genotypic and phenotypic characterization of 62 non-duplicate MRSA isolates collected during 2010-2016 at University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. The isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing (SCCmec typing). Eight different genotypes were described; ST225-t003-II (32/62, 52%), ST5-t002-II (13/62, 22%), and ST225-t014-II (12/62, 21%) were constantly detected over the 7-year follow-up period. The genotypes ST225-t151-II, ST225-t1282-II, ST225-t1623-II, ST78-t2832-II, and ST225-t8799-II occurred only once in the period reported. The majority of the strains, represented by ST225, belonged to clonal complex 5 (CC5).
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriemie epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus klasifikace účinky léků izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- nemocnice univerzitní MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce epidemiologie MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
V období let 2007 až 2016 bylo v Národní Referenční laboratoři pro antibiotika, analyzováno 682 kmenů Staphy-lococcus aureus rezistentních k meticilinu/oxacilinu (MRSA). Základním kritériem pro vyšetření MRSA-mecCkmenů byla velikost inhibiční zóny diskové difúzní metody u cefoxitinu (< 22 mm). 15 (2%) izolátů bylo deteko-váno jako mecC positivní MRSAkmens vrcholem detekce v roce 2015. Záchyt těchto kmenů odráží situacitýkající se zejména invazivních materiálů, jelikož tyto jsou preferenčně zasílány do NRL pro ATB v rámci studieEARS-NET.
In 2007 to 2016, 682 isolates of methicillin/oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were analyzed inthe National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics. A cefoxitin inhibition zone diameter of < 22 mm in the diskdiffusion test was the main criterion for mecC screening. Altogether, 15 (2%) mecC-positive MRSA isolates wereidentified, with a peak of detection in 2015. This result reflects the fact that invasive specimens in particular arepreferentially referred to the National Laboratory within the EARS-NET study.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- oxacilin MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- tabulky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Several studies have addressed the epidemiology of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus (CA-SA) in Europe; nonetheless, a comprehensive perspective remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to describe the population structure of CA-SA and to shed light on the origin of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in this continent. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A total of 568 colonization and infection isolates, comprising both MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were recovered in 16 European countries, from community and community-onset infections. The genetic background of isolates was characterized by molecular typing techniques (spa typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing) and the presence of PVL and ACME was tested by PCR. MRSA were further characterized by SCCmec typing. We found that 59% of all isolates were associated with community-associated clones. Most MRSA were related with USA300 (ST8-IVa and variants) (40%), followed by the European clone (ST80-IVc and derivatives) (28%) and the Taiwan clone (ST59-IVa and related clonal types) (15%). A total of 83% of MRSA carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and 14% carried the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). Surprisingly, we found a high genetic diversity among MRSA clonal types (ST-SCCmec), Simpson's index of diversity = 0.852 (0.788-0.916). Specifically, about half of the isolates carried novel associations between genetic background and SCCmec. Analysis by BURP showed that some CA-MSSA and CA-MRSA isolates were highly related, suggesting a probable local acquisition/loss of SCCmec. CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that CA-MRSA origin, epidemiology and population structure in Europe is very dissimilar from that of USA.
- MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- infekce získané v komunitě * epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- populační genetika MeSH
- pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus * genetika MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
In recent years, a negative trend of increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains has been noted worldwide. In addition to their prevalence in humans, MRSA strains have also been detected in animals, both pets and food-producing animals, especially in pigs. At the same time, transmission of MRSA strains from animals to humans has been documented. This study brings results from the first nationwide survey on the prevalence of MRSA in herds of breeding pigs, carried out throughout the Czech Republic in accordance with the Commission Decision 2008/55/EC, including brief characteristics of isolates. In 2008, a total of 283 pooled samples (dust swabs from partitions between pens) from the holdings of breeding pigs were analyzed. In five cases, MRSA isolates were detected, with a prevalence of 1.8%. All the isolated strains belonged to a single sequence type ST398. It may be said that at present, the prevalence of MRSA on pig farms does not pose a significant general epidemiological risk for the human population
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- enterotoxiny MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- prasata mikrobiologie MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- aminoglykosidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Enterococcus účinky léků MeSH
- hodnocení léčiv statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Staphylococcus účinky léků MeSH
- Streptococcus účinky léků MeSH
- testy toxicity statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria peak clinical interest due to their ability to hydrolyze most β-lactams, including carbapenems; moreover, their genes spread through bacterial populations by horizontal transfer. Bacteria with acquired carbapenemase have sporadically been reported in the Czech Republic, so far only in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we described the first finding of a KPC-2-producing strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was isolated from a surgical wound swab, decubitus ulcer, and urine of a patient previously hospitalized in Greece. The patient underwent various antibiotic therapies including a colistin treatment. However, after approximately 20 days of the colistin therapy, the strain developed a high-level resistance to this drug. All the isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoretic analysis and belonged to the international clone ST258, which is typical of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. The bla (KPC-2) gene was located on a Tn4401a transposon variant. The OmpK35 and OmpK36 genes analysis performed due to the high resistance level of the strains to β-lactams exhibited no changes in their sequence or in their expression when compared with carbapenem-susceptible isolates.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence účinky léků genetika MeSH
- beta-laktamasy biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- hospitalizace MeSH
- Klebsiella pneumoniae účinky léků enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kolistin farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- poriny genetika MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Řecko MeSH
V posledních 20 letech vzrůstá počet humánních nokardiových infekcí v důsledku zlepšené diagnostiky a zvyšujícího se počtu imunokompromitovaných pacientů. Klinické manifestace mohou mít formu kožní, plicní, při diseminaci může být postižen kterýkoli orgán včetně mozku. Při diagnostice a léčbě pacientů s nokardiovými infekcemi je nezbytná mezioborová spolupráce. Popisujeme dva případy nemocných s mozkovými abscesy nokardiové etiologie s neurochirurgickým zákrokem.
The recorded incidence of human infections caused by Nocardia spp. has increased over the past 20 years, both in response to improved diagnostic techniques and to rising numbers of immunocompromised patients. Nocardial infections primarily affect the skin and lungs, but the bacteria may disseminate to any organ, including the brain. The diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from a Nocardia infection require an interdisciplinary approach. Here we describe two case reports of patients suffering from brain abscesses caused by Nocardia that required neurosurgical treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- mozkový absces, Nocardia farcinica, léčba, antibiotika, mozkový nádor,
- MeSH
- absces mozku diagnóza etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antitumorózní látky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- nádory mozku diagnóza chirurgie terapie MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony MeSH
- nokardióza diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- syndromy imunologické nedostatečnosti komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
