Some strains of the genus Enterococcus are effective probiotic bacteria if they meet safety and probiotic criteria. In our study, 17 canine enterococci previously selected from a group of 160 isolates based on safety criteria were screened for some functional properties relevant to their use as probiotics. The results of antimicrobial resistance testing showed sensitivity of eleven strains to EFSA recommended antimicrobials. In contrast, the most frequent resistance was observed for cefotaxim (15/17) and oxacillin (13/17). PCR detection of resistance genes (vanA, vanB, vanC, tetM, tetL, ermB, and mefA) revealed the presence of mefA gene in five Enterococcus faecium strains and vanA gene in one strain. The production of enzymes commonly associated with intestinal diseases was in general rare (β-glucosidase 2/17, α-chymotrypsin 1/17, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase 0/17, and β-glucuronidase 0/17). The measurement of strain survival rate (%) under the conditions simulating gastric (pH 2.5) and bile juices (0.3% bile) showed considerable differences between strains (< 0.01 to 4.7% after 90 min for gastric juices, 48.0 to 254.0% after 180 min for bile). The concentration of produced L-lactic acid ranged between 83.1 to 119.3 mmol/L after 48 h cultivation depending on the strain. All strains fermented 16 out of 49 different carbohydrates (range from 17 to 23/49). Antimicrobial activity was recorded for two strains against some species of Listeria sp. and Enterococcus sp. Finally, two E. faecium candidates (IK25 and D7) were selected for testing in dogs, and hereafter they could possibly extend the currently limited range of beneficial bacteria of canine origin used as a dietary supplement for dogs.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie normy MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- bakteriální geny MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- bakteriociny genetika MeSH
- Enterococcus účinky léků genetika metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- kyselina mléčná biosyntéza MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- probiotika farmakologie MeSH
- psi MeSH
- žaludeční kyselina MeSH
- žluč MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Brown mud, as a waste product of the industrial process of aluminum production, represents a great environmental burden due to its toxicity to living organisms. However, some microorganisms are able to survive in this habitat, and they can be used in bioremediation processes. Traditional cultivation methods have a limited capacity to characterize bacterial composition in environmental samples. Recently, next-generation sequencing methods have provided new perspectives on microbial community studies. The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial community in the drainage water of brown mud disposal site near Žiar nad Hronom (Banská Bystrica region, Slovakia) using 454 pyrosequencing. We obtained 9964 sequences assigned to 163 operational taxonomic units belonging to 10 bacterial phyla. The phylum Proteobacteria showed the highest abundance (80.39%) within the bacterial community, followed by Firmicutes (13.05%) and Bacteroidetes (5.64%). Other bacterial phyla showed an abundance lower than 1%. The classification yielded 85 genera. Sulfurospirillum spp. (45.19%) dominated the bacterial population, followed by Pseudomonas spp. (13.76%) and Exiguobacterium spp. (13.02%). These results indicate that high heavy metals content, high pH, and lack of essential nutrients are the drivers of a dramatic reduction of diversity in the bacterial population in this environment.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- fyziologie bakterií * MeSH
- hutnictví MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- mikrobiální společenstva genetika MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
The tinder polypore, Fomes fomentarius, is a wood-decaying macrofungus well known for its potential use in a wide range of biotechnological applications. The existence of 3 distinct internal transcribed spacer lineages/sublineages among its strains has been clearly established. Sublineage A1 consists of strains isolated from North America, whereas sublineage A2 consists of strains only from Europe. Lineage B comprises strains from Europe and Asia. A better understanding of the biological features of F. fomentarius lineages/sublineages could lead to improved characterization, leading to better biotechnological applications. The medicinal value of F. fomentarius is discussed.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- mikrobiologie MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodní články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Complete 16S rRNA sequences were determined of recently proposed new species of treponemes designated strain S and T. Sequence comparison indicated that both species belong to the Treponema saccharophilum cluster, having thus at least 5 cultivable representatives. Phylogenetic analysis of available GenBank 16S rRNA sequences revealed two phylogenetically distant treponema clusters (T. saccharophilum cluster and T. bryantii cluster). Surprisingly, while among cultivated treponemes dominate T. saccharophilum cluster members, detailed analysis showed that all treponema-like sequences obtained by culture independent 16S rRNA methods belong to the T. bryantii cluster, from which only two cultivable representatives have so far been known. Meta-analysis of available data revealed that treponemes are an infrequent and minor group of bacteria, representing less than 2.4% of total rumen bacteria.
- MeSH
- bachor mikrobiologie MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika chemie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
- přežvýkavci mikrobiologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika chemie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- Treponema izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
Rumen bacterium Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis strain k3 utilized over 90% sucrose added to the growth medium as a sole carbon source. Zymographic studies of the bacterial cell extract revealed the presence of a single enzyme involved in sucrose digestion. Thin layer chromatography showed fructose and glucose-1-phosphate (Glc1P) as end products of the digestion of sucrose by identified enzyme. The activity of the enzyme depended on the presence of inorganic phosphate and was the highest at the concentration of phosphate 56 mmol/L. The enzyme was identified as the sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7) of molar mass approximately 54 kDa and maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 45 degrees C. The calculated Michaelis constant (Km) for Glc1P formation and release of fructose by partially purified enzyme were 4.4 and 8.56 mmol/L while the maximum velocities of the reaction (Vlim) were 1.19 and 0.64 micromol/L per mg protein per min, respectively.
- MeSH
- bachor mikrobiologie MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- chromatografie na tenké vrstvě MeSH
- fosfáty metabolismus MeSH
- fruktosa metabolismus MeSH
- glukosafosfáty metabolismus MeSH
- glukosyltransferasy chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- grampozitivní bakterie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- sacharosa metabolismus MeSH
- stabilita enzymů MeSH
- uhlík metabolismus MeSH
- vnímání teploty MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
The inter- and intraspecies variability of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene was determined among the predominant ruminal lactate utilizing bacteria. Nearly complete nucleotide sequences of ldh gene, encoding NAD-dependent lactate dehydrogenase of three Megasphaera elsdenii and six Selenomonas ruminantium strains, were obtained and compared. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a limited variability between the ldh sequences studied. The majority of differences observed were silent mutations at the 3rd position of codons. Surprisingly, the intraspecies diversity of the ldh gene among S. ruminantium isolates was higher than the interspecies level between S. ruminantium and M. elsdenii, which strongly suggests the possibility of acquisition of this gene by horizontal gene transfer.
- MeSH
- acidóza laktátová metabolismus MeSH
- bachor mikrobiologie MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- bodová mutace MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika chemie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- L-laktátdehydrogenasa genetika MeSH
- Megasphaera MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sekvenční homologie MeSH
- Selenomonas MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
P. ruminis strain 3 was isolated from the ovine rumen and identified on the basis of comparison of its 16S rRNA gene with GenBank. The bacterium was able to grow on Timothy grass fructan, inulin, sucrose, fructose and glucose as a sole carbon source, reaching absorbance of population in a range of 0.4-1.2. During 1 d the bacteria exhausted 92-97% of initial dose of saccharides except for inulin (its utilization did not exceed 33%). The bacterial cell extract catalyzed the degradation of Timothy grass fructan, inulin and sucrose in relation to carbon source present in growth medium. Molecular filtration on Sephadex G-150, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with zymography technique and TLC was used to identify enzymes responsible for the digestion of sucrose and both polymers of fructose. Two specific endolevanases (EC 3.2.1.65), nonspecific beta-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.80 and/or EC 3.2.1.26) and sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7) were detected in cell-free extract from bacteria grown on Timothy grass fructan.
- MeSH
- bachor mikrobiologie MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- chromatografie MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika chemie MeSH
- enzymy izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fruktany metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- grampozitivní bakterie MeSH
- inulin metabolismus MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- Phleum chemie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika chemie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sacharosa metabolismus MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Large Enterococcus faecalis F4 bacteriophage (described earlier) consisting of double-stranded linear DNA of approximately 60 kb was characterized. Library was prepared of its random DNA fragments and selected recombinants were sequenced. Three phage essential genes were characterized: DNA polymerase, replicative DNA helicase and a minor capsid protein, showing only limited homology to other known phage encoded genes. The occurrence of these genes among enterococci was determined by PCR method. Only two out of 40 tested isolates possessed all three genes, another three isolates contained at least one of the genes, demonstrating low frequency F4 lysogens among natural enterococcal isolates.
