Gram-stain-positive, catalase and oxidase-negative and short rod-shaped bacterium C10 with occasional branching was isolated under strictly anaerobic conditions from the rumen fluid of a red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the course of study attempting to uncover new xylanolytic and cellulolytic rumen bacteria inhabiting the digestive tract of wild ruminants in the Czech Republic. The anaerobic M10 medium containing bovine rumen fluid and carboxymethylcellulose as a defined source of organic carbon was used in the process of bacterial isolation. The 16S rRNA gene similarity revealed recently characterized new species Actinomyces succiniciruminis Am4T (GenBank accession number of the gene retrieved from the complete genome: LK995506) and Actinomyces glycerinitolerans G10T (GenBank accession number from the complete genome: NZFQTT01000017) as the closest relatives (99.7 and 99.6% gene pairwise identity, respectively), followed by the Actinomyces ruminicola DSM 27982T (97.2%, in all compared fragment of 41468 pb). Due to the taxonomic affinity of the examined strain to both species A. succiniciruminis and A. glycerinitolerans, its taxonomic status towards these species was evaluated using variable regions of rpsA (length of 519 bp) and rplB (597 bp) gene sequences amplified based on specific primers designed so as to be applicable in differentiation, classification, and phylogeny of Actinomyces species/strains. Comparative analyses using rpsA and rplB showed 98.5 and 97.9% similarities of C10 to A. succiniciruminis, respectively, and 97.5 and 97.6% similarities to A. glycerinitolerans, respectively. Thus, gene identities revealed that the evaluated isolate C10 (=DSM 100236 = LMG 28777) is a little more related to the species A. succiniciruminis isolated from the rumen of a Holstein-Friesian cow than A. glycerinitolerans. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed affinity of strain C10 to both recently characterized species. Unfortunately, they did not allow the bacterial strain to be classified into a particular species. Phenotypic characterization suggested similar conclusions. This brief contribution is aimed at classification and detailed phenotypic characterization of bacterial strain C10 isolated from the rumen of a wild red deer exhibiting, from the point of view of Actinomyces species, noteworthy cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities.

• MeSH
• Actinomyces klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• bachor mikrobiologie   MeSH
• bakteriální geny genetika   MeSH
• celulosa metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• peptidoglykan analýza   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• vysoká zvěř mikrobiologie   MeSH
• xylany metabolismus   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Adhesion of gut bacteria to the intestinal epithelium is the first step in their colonization of the neonatal immature gut. Bacterial colonization of the infant gut is influenced by several factors, of which the most important are the mode of delivery and breast-feeding. Breast-fed infants ingest several grams of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) per day, which can become receptor decoys for intestinal bacteria. The most abundant intestinal bacteria in vaginally delivered infants are bifidobacteria, whereas infants born by cesarean section are colonized by clostridia. The influence of HMOs on the adhesion of five strains of intestinal bacteria (three bifidobacterial strains and two clostridial strains) to mucus-secreting and non-mucus-secreting human epithelial cells was investigated. Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 and Bifidobacterium longum displayed almost the same level of adhesion in the presence and absence of HMOs. By contrast, adhesion of Clostridium butyricum 1 and 2 decreased from 14.41% to 6.72% and from 41.54% to 30.91%, respectively, in the presence of HMOs. The results of this study indicate that HMOs affect bacterial adhesion and are an important factor influencing bacterial colonization of the gut. Adhesion of the tested bacteria correlates with their ability to autoaggregate.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze * MeSH
• Bifidobacterium genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• Clostridium genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko chemie   MeSH
• oligosacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• střeva metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. Results of genotypic analyses also demonstrated differences between these two strains. They also differed in DNA G+C content, and some biochemical and physiological characteristics. We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. The species name Lactobacillus caviae sp. nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T).

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• morčata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• peptidoglykan chemie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• ústa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. Completeness of the compared sequences was 97.3 and 96.9 %, respectively. Growth was found only under anaerobic conditions. Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. Strain MOZIV/2T differed from other species within the genus Alloscardovia by the presence of C18 : 1ω9t. In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. The peptidoglycan structure was of type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia. The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T).

• MeSH
• Actinobacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• aldehydlyasy metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fruktosa MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• morčata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• peptidoglykan chemie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• ústa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Occurrence of bifidobacteria, known as health-promoting probiotic microorganisms, in the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) has not been examined yet. One hundred forty-nine fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive bacterial strains were isolated from colonic content of twenty-two individuals of wild pigs originated from four localities in the Czechia. Based on PCR-DGGE technique targeting the variable V3 region of the 16S rRNA genes, strains were initially differentiated into four groups represented by: (i) probably a new Bifidobacterium species (89 strains), (ii) B. boum/B. thermophilum/B. thermacidophilum subsp. porcinum/B. thermacidophilum subsp. thermacidophilum (sub)species (49 strains), (iii) Pseudoscardovia suis (7 strains), and (iv) B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum/B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum (4 strains), respectively. Given the fact that DGGE technique did not allow to differentiate the representatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria and B. pseudolongum subspecies, strains were further classified by the 16S rRNA and thrS gene sequences. Primers targeting the variable regions of the latter gene were designed to be applicable in identification and phylogeny of Bifidobacteriaceae family. The 16S rRNA-derived phylogenetic study classified members of the first group into five subgroups in a separated cluster of thermophilic bifidobacteria. Comparable results were obtained by the thrS-derived phylogenetic analysis. Remarkably, variability among thrS sequences was higher compared with 16S rRNA gene sequences. Overall, molecular genetic techniques application allowed to identify a new Bifidobacterium phylotype which is predominant in the digestive tract of examined wild pigs.

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• Bifidobacterium chemie   klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• divoká zvířata * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• molekulární typizace * metody   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• Sus scrofa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis are well-known health-promoting probiotics used commercially. B. animalis subsp. lactis has been isolated from different sources, and little is known about animal isolates of this taxon. The aim of this study was to examine the genotypic and phenotypic diversity between B. animalis subsp. lactis strains different animal hosts including Cameroon sheep, Barbary sheep, okapi, mouflon, German shepard and to compare to BB12, food isolates and the collection strain DSM 10140. Ten strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis from different sources were characterised by phenotyping, fingerprinting, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Regardless of origin, MLST and phylogenetic analyses revealed a close relationship between strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis with commercial and animal origin with the exception of isolates from ovine cheese, mouflon and German Shepard dog. Moreover, isolates from dog and mouflon showed significant differences in fermentation profiles and peptide mass fingerprints (MALDI-TOF). Results indicated phenotypic and genotypic diversity among strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis.

• MeSH
• Bifidobacterium animalis chemie   klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• fenotyp * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genotyp * MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• savci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko * chemie   MeSH
• oligosacharidy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• prebiotika MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Mateřské mléko bylo považováno za sterilní. Avšak nedávné studie ukázaly, že obsahuje velké množství bakterií, z nichž některé by mohly sloužit jako první probiotikum pro novorozence. K dispozici jsou dvě hypotézy, jak se bakterie dostávají do prsní žlázy: kontaminace a/nebo aktivní migrace. Lepší pochopení, jak vzniká mikrobiota mateřského mléka a zda má nějakou potenciální úlohu, by mělo být předmětem budoucího zkoumání.

Human milk has been considered sterile. However, recent studies have shown that it contains a lot of bacteria, which some of them could be first probiotics for newborns. There are two hypotheses how bacteria can reach the mammary gland: contamination and/or active migration. Better understanding microbiota of human milk, its creation and its potential role should be aim of future investigation.

• Klíčová slova
• bakteriální diverzita, aktivní migrace bakterií, kontaminace mateřského mléka bakteriemi,
• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• pohyb buněk MeSH
• probiotika * MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra MeSH
• ústní sliznice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Context Some mushrooms of the order Polyporales are known for their immunomodulatory actions. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro phagocytic and cytotoxic effects of extracts from polyporales native to Central Europe. Materials and methods The effects of ethanol extracts from 27 polypore species on opsonized zymosan-induced phagocytosis of isolated human neutrophils were tested by a chemiluminescence method. Colon epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, were used for cytotoxicity assays, and extracts were chemically characterized in terms of total phenolic and β-glucan content. Results We observed phagocytosis or respiratory burst enhancing activity in 17 extracts, of which five species, namely Aurantiporus fissilis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) H. Jahn ex Ryvarden, Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr., Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst, Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns, Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr., significantly increased phagocytosis in granulocytes by 205, 181, 158, 155 and 141%, respectively. The β-glucan content of the three most potent extracts was 58, 42 and 74 mg/g, respectively, and the polyphenol content was 155.6, 133.5 and 155.2 μmol of gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. Some extracts showed cytotoxic activity, with higher cytotoxicity in Caco-2 than in HT-29 cells. Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P. Karst. extract was cytotoxic to both cell lines, with IC50 values of 81 and 31 μg/mL, respectively. Discussion and conclusion The most promising extracts were from N. lepideus and Polyporus squamosus, which are edible species and may be considered safe. Our findings support their use as culinary preparations or food supplements for various immunological gut disorders.

• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• beta-glukany analýza   MeSH
• buňky HT-29 MeSH
• Caco-2 buňky MeSH
• fagocytóza účinky léků   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• imunologické faktory farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Polyporales * chemie   klasifikace   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH