The last eight survivors of 80 workers accidentally exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during production of herbicides based on trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in 1965-1967 in a chemical factory were followed. All were men, mean age 72.4 ± 1.3 years. Their current median TCDD blood level was 112 (46-390) pg/g lipids. Neurological examination revealed central nervous system impairment in all individuals and signs of polyneuropathy in 87.5%, which was confirmed by a nerve conduction study (NCS) in 75%. A Lanthony test demonstrated acquired dyschromatopsia in 87.5% of the patients, with deterioration of mean colour confusion index (CCI) from 1.52 ± 0.39 in 2010 to 1.73 ± 0.41 in 2016. Single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) of the brain showed focal reduction of perfusion in various brain locations in all patients and worsening in six patients. Visual-evoked potentials (VEP) was abnormal in 62.6% of individuals. Most patients complained of psychological problems. The neuropsychological test battery showed most positive impairments in the Trail Making Test evaluating processing speed (average level in the range of mild neurocognitive impairment), which correlated with mean CCI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Fifty years after exposure, blood levels of TCDD are still 10 times higher than the general population. NCS, VEP, Lanthony test and SPECT findings deteriorated from examination of these patients in 2004 and in 2010. The total of abnormal tests per patient in 2016 is very high. Minor differences among patients and their reduced count may explain why the number of impairments in 2016 does not correlate with TCDD blood level.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chemický průmysl * MeSH
- herbicidy škodlivé účinky krev chemická syntéza MeSH
- hygiena práce * MeSH
- jednofotonová emisní výpočetní tomografie MeSH
- kognice účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků patofyziologie MeSH
- mozkový krevní oběh účinky léků MeSH
- nervové vedení účinky léků MeSH
- neurologické vyšetření MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- neurotoxické syndromy diagnóza etiologie patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- perfuzní zobrazování metody MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny škodlivé účinky krev chemická syntéza MeSH
- polyneuropatie chemicky indukované diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pracovní nehody * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vidění barevné účinky léků MeSH
- zrakové evokované potenciály účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Fakulta vojenského zdravotnictví Univerzity obrany, Hradec Králové Proteasy jsou skupina enzymů mikrobiálního, rostlinného i živočišného původu s nezastupitelným významem v základním metabolismu. Jedná se však i o materiál, který je vhodný k biotechnologickým aplikacím v širokém spektru oblastí jako je potravinový průmysl, výroba čistících prostředků a medicínské využití. Tento přehledový článek shrnuje základní informace o proteasach a nastiňuje příklady jejich použití.
Proteases are enzymes microbial, plant or animal origin with crucial importance in the basic metabolism. It is also a suitable material for biotechnological applications in a wide range of fields of interests like food industry, cleaning agents and medicine applications. This review paper surveys basic data about proteases and provides representative examples of their application.
- MeSH
- biomedicínské technologie metody trendy MeSH
- biotechnologie * metody trendy MeSH
- chemický průmysl metody trendy MeSH
- enzymy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl metody trendy MeSH
- genetické inženýrství metody trendy využití MeSH
- geneticky modifikované mikroorganismy enzymologie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- hydrolýza * účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peptidy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- potravinářský průmysl metody trendy MeSH
- proteasy * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zemědělství metody trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nanoTiO2) is a commercially important nanomaterial. Animal studies have documented lung injury and inflammation, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Yet, human health data are scarce and quantitative risk assessments and biomonitoring of exposure are lacking. NanoTiO2 is classified by IARC as a group 2B, possible human carcinogen. In our earlier studies we documented an increase in markers of inflammation, as well as DNA and protein oxidative damage, in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of workers exposed nanoTiO2. This study focuses on biomarkers of lipid oxidation. Several established lipid oxidative markers (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-trans-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-trans-nonenal, 8-isoProstaglandin F2α and aldehydes C6-C12) were studied in EBC and urine of 34 workers and 45 comparable controls. The median particle number concentration in the production line ranged from 1.98 × 10(4) to 2.32 × 10(4) particles/cm(3) with ∼80% of the particles <100 nm in diameter. Mass concentration varied between 0.40 and 0.65 mg/m(3). All 11 markers of lipid oxidation were elevated in production workers relative to the controls (p < 0.001). A significant dose-dependent association was found between exposure to TiO2 and markers of lipid oxidation in the EBC. These markers were not elevated in the urine samples. Lipid oxidation in the EBC of workers exposed to (nano)TiO2 complements our earlier findings on DNA and protein damage. These results are consistent with the oxidative stress hypothesis and suggest lung injury at the molecular level. Further studies should focus on clinical markers of potential disease progression. EBC has reemerged as a sensitive technique for noninvasive monitoring of workers exposed to engineered nanoparticles.
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza moč MeSH
- chemický průmysl MeSH
- dechové testy MeSH
- dinoprost analogy a deriváty analýza moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malondialdehyd analýza moč MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- nanočástice analýza toxicita MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
- titan analýza toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this review, the effect of organic solvents on microalgae cultures from molecular to industrial scale is presented. Traditional organic solvents and solvents of new generation-ionic liquids (ILs), are considered. Alterations in microalgal cell metabolism and synthesis of target products (pigments, proteins, lipids), as a result of exposure to organic solvents, are summarized. Applications of organic solvents as a carbon source for microalgal growth and production of target molecules are discussed. Possible implementation of various industrial effluents containing organic solvents into microalgal cultivation media, is evaluated. The effect of organic solvents on extraction of target compounds from microalgae is also considered. Techniques for lipid and carotenoid extraction from viable microalgal biomass (milking methods) and dead microalgal biomass (classical methods) are depicted. Moreover, the economic survey of lipid and carotenoid extraction from microalgae biomass, by means of different techniques and solvents, is conducted.
Chemical substances present a serious hazard for human health and environment during their whole life cycle, i.e. in the production, manipulation, transport and usage and their disposal. To secure high standards of human health and environment protection, risk management for chemicals was introduced. This review deals with the EU legislation on chemicals risk management in Regulation 1907/2006 concerning the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH). The review presents the new chemical policy including the current status of its implementation and discusses some of its problematic aspects.
- MeSH
- chemický průmysl * zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- hodnocení rizik * metody normy zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- nebezpečné látky * normy MeSH
- specializované použití chemických látek MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí * prevence a kontrola zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
New metabolites of styrene, three isomeric vinylphenylmercapturic acids (2-, 3-, and 4-VPMA), were recently identified by LC-ESI-MS in the urine of mice. In this study, 4-VPMA together with traces of 2- and 3-VPMA were found also in the urine of hand-lamination workers, which were exposed to styrene vapours at concentrations ranging from 23 to 244mg/m(3). Concentrations of 4-VPMA in these end-of-shift samples were 4.59±3.64ng/mL (mean±S.D.; n=10), those found next morning after the work-shift were 2.14±2.07ng/mL (mean±S.D.; n=10). Strong correlation (R=0.959) was found in the next-morning samples between concentrations of 4-VPMA and phenylglyoxylic acid, whereas correlations found between 4-VPMA and mandelic acid in both end-of-shift and next-morning samples were much weaker. The excretion of 4-VPMA accounted for only about 3.5×10(-4)% of the absorbed dose of styrene. Despite very low metabolic yield, formation of VPMAs clearly indicates occurrence and extent of styrene ring oxidation considered to be a toxicologically relevant metabolic pathway.
- MeSH
- acetylcystein analogy a deriváty moč MeSH
- biologické markery moč MeSH
- chemický průmysl MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- plastické hmoty MeSH
- pracovní expozice analýza MeSH
- styren metabolismus MeSH
- vinylové sloučeniny moč MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a highly toxic persistent environmental contaminant, classified as a human carcinogen affecting any target organ. The mechanism of carcinogenesis by TCDD is unclear as TCDD shows a lack of direct genotoxicity. Experimental studies also support the role of oxidative stress in TCDD neurotoxicity and vascular dysfunction. The aim was to investigate markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation using non-invasive methods in subjects who got ill due to severe occupational exposure to TCDD in the years 1965-1968. METHODS: In 11 TCDD-exposed patients, and 16 controls, the analysis of following oxidative products of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids in plasma, urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was performed: 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane), 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenale (HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), o-tyrosine (o-Tyr), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-OHMeU). In addition, nitric-oxide-tyrosine (NO-Tyr) and leukotriene (LT) B4, C4, D4, and E4 were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). TCDD was measured by HRGC/HRMS, body lipid content by densitometry. Single-photon emission spectrometry (SPECT) of the brain was performed and compared with the findings of the patients in 2008. RESULTS: Mean TCDD plasma level in 2010 was 175 ± 162 pg/g lipids (population level about 2 pg/g), total TCDD content in the body 5.16 ± 4.62 mg. Reduction of cerebral blood flow in SPECT progressed in 8 patients, finding was stable in 2 subjects, and improvement occurred in 1 patient. In the EBC, 10 from 12 markers (all except LT D4 and LT E4), were significantly increased in the patients (p<0.05). In the urine, 7 markers were significantly higher than in the controls (p<0.05): 8-isoprostane, MDA, HNE, LT C4, LT E4, o-Tyr and NO-Tyr. In plasma, only NO-Tyr and 8-OHG were elevated (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: NO-Tyr was increased in all matrices in dioxin-exposed patients. EBC is not limited to lung disorders as the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were elevated in EBC of patients with normal lung functions. TCDD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation markers can be detected non-invasively in the EBC and urine in the follow-up of the highly-exposed patients. Their prognostic value, however, needs to be elucidated.
- MeSH
- analýza moči metody MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve metody MeSH
- biologické markery analýza krev moč MeSH
- chemický průmysl MeSH
- herbicidy analýza krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osmolární koncentrace MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analogy a deriváty analýza krev MeSH
- pracovní expozice analýza MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku analýza krev metabolismus moč MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku analýza krev metabolismus moč MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- upregulace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
