BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a significant challenge to the treatment of infectious diseases. Of particular concern are members of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC), which are frequently associated with hospital-acquired infections and have the potential to spread outside hospitals via wastewaters. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and phylogenetic relatedness of MDR KpSC from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs), hospital sewage, municipal wastewater treatment plants (mWWTPs) and surface waters and to evaluate the clinical relevance of the KpSC subspecies. METHODS: A total of 372 KpSC isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and/or meropenem were collected from patients (n = 130), hospital sewage (n = 95), inflow (n = 54) and outflow from the mWWTPs (n = 63), river upstream (n = 13) and downstream mWWTPs (n = 17) from three cities in the Czech Republic. The isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (Illumina). The presence of antibiotic resistance genes, plasmid replicons and virulence-associated factors was determined. A phylogenetic tree and single nucleotide polymorphism matrix were created to reveal the relatedness between isolates. RESULTS: The presence of MDR KpSC isolates (95%) was identified in all water sources and locations. Most isolates (99.7%) produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases encoded by blaCTX-M-15. Resistance to carbapenems (5%) was observed mostly in wastewaters, but carbapenemase genes, such as blaGES-51 (n = 10), blaOXA-48 (n = 4), blaNDM-1 (n = 4) and blaKPC-3 (n = 1), were found in isolates from all tested locations and different sources except rivers. Among the 73 different sequence types (STs), phylogenetically related isolates were observed only among the ST307 lineage. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the transmission of this lineage from patients to the mWWTP and from the mWWTP to the adjacent river and the presence of the ST307 clone in the mWWTP over eight months. We confirmed the frequent abundance of K. pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae sensu stricto and K. pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae) in patients suffering from UTIs. K. variicola isolates formed only a minor proportion of UTIs, and K. quasipneumoniae was not found among UTIs isolates; however, these subspecies were frequently observed in hospital sewage communities during the first sampling period. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of the transmission and persistence of the ST307 lineage from UTIs isolates via mWWTPs to surface waters. Isolates from UTIs consisted mostly of K. pneumoniae. Other isolates of KpSC were observed in hospital wastewaters, which implies the impact of sources other than UTIs. This study highlights the influence of urban wastewaters on the spread of MDR KpSC to receiving environments.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- beta-laktamasy * genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Klebsiella * mikrobiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- infekce močového ústrojí mikrobiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí mikrobiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- Klebsiella pneumoniae * účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
- nemocnice * MeSH
- odpadní voda * mikrobiologie MeSH
- odpadní vody mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Gaza,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obyvatelé Západní Asie MeSH
- odpadní vody * mikrobiologie MeSH
- poliovirové vakcíny MeSH
- Poliovirus * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Newtown Creek is a tributary of the Hudson River Estuary. It has a legacy of both industrial pollution and sewage pollution and has been designated a Superfund site. To ameliorate the chronically low levels of dissolved oxygen detected in the Creek, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection has been installing aerators. The abundance of various bacteria in the aerosols, foams, and water, at two sites in the Creek, was studied before, during, and after the aeration process. Additionally, aerosols and dispersed foams created by the aeration process were sampled and cultured to determine what unique taxa of bacteria could be grown and identified. Taxa including Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were prevalent in cultures taken from aerosols, whereas Gammaproteobacteria were prevalent in cultures taken from foam. Campylobacteria was found to have a significant presence in both samples taken after the aerators were turned off. These taxa include potentially pathogenic bacteria and are therefore of particular concern.
- MeSH
- aerosoly MeSH
- Bacteria genetika MeSH
- kyslík MeSH
- odpadní vody * MeSH
- řeky mikrobiologie MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
NRL pro enteroviry (NRL/ENT) v SZÚ vyšetřuje v rámci environmentální surveillance odpadní vody z čističek 15 měst a 5 uprchlických táborů. V roce 2023 bylo vyšetřeno 239 vzorků odpadních vod. 179 vzorků bylo pozitivních. Pozitivní vzorky byly určeny jako non-polio-enteroviry (NPEV).
The National Reference Laboratory for Enteroviruses (NRL/ENT) at the National Institute of Public Health investigates sewage from sewage treatment plants in 15 cities and 5 refugee camps as part of environmental surveillance. In 2023, 239 sewage samples were tested. 179 samples were positive. The positive samples were determined to be non-polio-enteroviruses (NPEV).
Nocardia spp., which belongs to one of the Nocardio-form filamentous bacteria, is usually surface hydrophobic and when overproduced attaches to the surface of bubbles under the action of surfactants, allowing the stable presence of foam on the surface of aeration tanks, leading to the occurrence of sludge-foaming events. Two novel phages, P69 and KYD2, were isolated from the environment, and their hosts were Nocardia transvalensis and Nocardia carnea, respectively. These two phages are Siphophages-like with long tails. An aeration tank pilot plant was constructed in the laboratory to simulate sludge foaming, and these two strains of phage were applied. Compared with the reactor not dosed with phage, the application of phage could reduce the host level in the reactor, resulting in the highest decrease in turbidity by more than 68% and sludge volume index by more than 25%. The time for surface foam disappearance was 9 h earlier than that of the control group (the group with the same concentration of Nocardia carnea but no bacteriophage applied), significantly improving water quality. The phage can effectively inhibit the propagation of Nocardia in the actual sludge-foaming event, control the sludge foaming, and improve the effluent quality. It provides a novel and relatively economical solution for controlling sludge foaming in sewage treatment plants in the future, shows that the phages have potential application value in the prevention and control of Nocardia, and provides another way to control the sludge-foaming event caused by the excessive reproduction of Nocardia in the future.
The COVID-19 outbreak led to the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage; thus, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could have the virus in their effluent. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 is eradicated by sewage treatment is virtually unknown. Specifically, the objectives of this study include (i) determining whether a mixed matrixed membrane (MMM) is able to remove SARS-CoV-2 (polycarbonate (PC)-hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) and PC-silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP)), (ii) comparing filtration performance among different secondary treatment processes, and (iii) evaluating whether artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be employed as performance indicators to reduce SARS-CoV-2 in the treatment of sewage. At Shariati Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, secondary treatment effluent during the outbreak of COVID-19 was collected from a WWTP. There were two PC-Ag-NP and PC-HMO processes at the WWTP targeted. RT-qPCR was employed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage fractions. For the purposes of determining SARS-CoV-2 prevalence rates in the treated effluent, 10 L of effluent specimens were collected in middle-risk and low-risk treatment MMMs. For PC-HMO, the log reduction value (LRV) for SARS-CoV-2 was 1.3-1 log10 for moderate risk and 0.96-1 log10 for low risk, whereas for PC-Ag-NP, the LRV was 0.99-1.3 log10 for moderate risk and 0.94-0.98 log10 for low risk. MMMs demonstrated the most robust absorption performance during the sampling period, with the least significant LRV recorded in PC-Ag-NP and PC-HMO at 0.94 log10 and 0.96 log10, respectively.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- kovové nanočástice * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuronové sítě MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- odpadní vody MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- stříbro MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Hospitals and wastewater are recognized hot spots for the selection and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to the environment, but the total participation of hospitals in the spread of nosocomial pathogens to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and adjacent rivers had not previously been revealed. METHODS: We used a combination of culturing and whole-genome sequencing to explore the transmission routes of Escherichia coli from hospitalized patients suffering from urinary tract infections (UTI) via wastewater to the environment. Samples were collected in two periods in three locations (A, B, and C) and cultured on selective antibiotic-enhanced plates. RESULTS: In total, 408 E. coli isolates were obtained from patients with UTI (n=81), raw hospital sewage (n=73), WWTPs inflow (n=96)/outflow (n=106), and river upstream (n=21)/downstream (n=31) of WWTPs. The majority of the isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), mainly CTX-M-15, and showed multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles. Seven carbapenemase-producing isolates with GES-5 or OXA-244 were obtained in two locations from wastewater and river samples. Isolates were assigned to 74 different sequence types (ST), with the predominance of ST131 (n=80) found in all sources including rivers. Extraintestinal pathogenic lineages frequently found in hospital sewage (ST10, ST38, and ST69) were also found in river water. Despite generally high genetic diversity, phylogenetic analysis of ST10, ST295, and ST744 showed highly related isolates (SNP 0-18) from different sources, providing the evidence for the transmission of resistant strains through WWTPs to surface waters. DISCUSSION: Results of this study suggest that 1) UTI share a minor participation in hospitals wastewaters; 2) a high diversity of STs and phylogenetic groups in municipal wastewaters derive from the urban influence rather than hospitals; and 3) pathogenic lineages and bacteria with emerging resistance genotypes associated with hospitals spread into surface waters. Our study highlights the contribution of hospital and municipal wastewater to the transmission of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing E. coli with MDR profiles to the environment.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- beta-laktamasy genetika MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- infekce močového ústrojí * mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- odpadní vody mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Epidemie onemocnění COVID-19 a s ním související sledování jeho původce v odpadních vodách vedly k mimořádnému rozvoji monitorování či surveillance odpadních vod. Využití této surveillance už dnes nespočívá jen ve sledování viru či jiného infekčního agens, ale ve sledování řady chemických látek a metabolitů, ze kterých lze usuzovat na zdravotní stav, chování a dokonce i socioekonomický status sledované populace. Tento druh výzkumu a především zveřejňování jeho výsledků, které se svou povahou blíží citlivým osobním údajům nebo mohou stigmatizovat různé skupiny obyvatel, přitom dnes nemá jasný právní a etický rámec, což by mělo být urychleně napraveno.
The COVID-19 epidemic and associated monitoring of its causative agent in wastewater has led to an exceptional development of wastewater surveillance. This surveillance no longer entails mere monitoring of viruses or other infectious agents, but comprises examination of a number of chemicals and metabolites from which the health condition, behaviour, and indeed the socioeconomic status of a monitored population can be discerned. This type of research, which by its nature deals with sensitive personal data or may stigmatise various population groups does not currently have a clear legal and ethical framework. The situation should be rapidly remedied.
NRL pro enteroviry v rámci environmentální surveillance vyšetřuje odpadní vody z čističek 9 měst, 2 pobytových středisek a 3 zařízení pro zajištění cizinců. V roce 2021 bylo vyšetřeno 159 vzorků odpadních vod. 73 vzorků bylo uzavřeno jako negativní, 86 jako pozitivní. Pozitivní vzorky byly určeny jako non-polio-enteroviry (NPEV), viabilních z nich bylo 27 vzorků. Současně bylo všech otestováno 159 vzorků z odpadních vod na přítomnost RNA SARS-CoV-2, z nichž 25 bylo pozitivních.
Within environmental surveillance, the National Reference Laboratory for Enteroviruses screens wastewater from sewage treatment plants in nine cities, two accommodation centres, and three detention facilities for foreigners. In 2021, 159 sewage samples were analysed. Seventy-three samples turned out negative and 86 were positive. The detected viruses were identified as non-polio-enteroviruses (NPEV), remaining viable in 27 samples. The 159 sewage samples were tested for the presence of RNA SARS-CoV-2, of which 25 turned out positive.
