Numerous pathological changes of subcellular structures are characteristic hallmarks of neurodegeneration. The main research has focused to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomal networks as well as microtubular system of the cell. The sequence of specific organelle damage during pathogenesis has not been answered yet. Exposition to rotenone is used for simulation of neurodegenerative changes in SH-SY5Y cells, which are widely used for in vitro modelling of Parkinson ́s disease pathogenesis. Intracellular effects were investigated in time points from 0 to 24 h by confocal microscopy and biochemical analyses. Analysis of fluorescent images identified the sensitivity of organelles towards rotenone in this order: microtubular cytoskeleton, mitochondrial network, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomal network. All observed morphological changes of intracellular compartments were identified before alphaS protein accumulation. Therefore, their potential as an early diagnostic marker is of interest. Understanding of subcellular sensitivity in initial stages of neurodegeneration is crucial for designing new approaches and a management of neurodegenerative disorders.
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- insekticidy toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrotubuly účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- mitochondrie účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- NADPH-oxidasy metabolismus MeSH
- neuroblastom komplikace MeSH
- neurodegenerativní nemoci etiologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- rotenon toxicita MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V histologických vzorcích resekátu ledvin 104 pacientů se světiobuněčným karcinomem ledvin byla retrospektivně imunofluorescenčně vyšetřena frekvence výskytu primárních řasinek. Ostatní parametry byly vyšetřeny imunohistochemicky. Medián celkového přežití (overall survival, OS) byl signifikantně delší u pacientů s nižší frekvencí výskytu primárních řasinek (< 0,002) než u pacientů s vyšší frekvencí primárních řasinek (> 0,002) (p < 0,001). Medián OS byl signifikantně delší u pacientů s nižší expresí (< 25 %) CD8+ TIL (tumor infiltrující lymfocyty) v porovnání s pacienty s vyšší expresí (> 25 %) CD8+ TIL (p = 0,006). Medián OS byl signifikantně delší u pacientů s nižší expresí (< 25 %) PD-1 (receptor programované buněčné smrti 1) než u pacientů s vyšší expresí (> 25 %) PD-1 (p = 0,006). Tato studie poskytuje data o prognostickém významu primárních řasinek ve vztahu k vybraným parametrům nádorového mikroprostředí světlobuněčného karcinomu ledvin.
The presence of primary cilia, programmed cell death protein-1 receptor (PD-1) expression and intraepithelial CD8+ TIL (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) expression were retrospectively evaluated in tumor tissue blocks of the resected specimens of the kidney in 104 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients with lower frequency of primary cilia (<0.002) than in patients with higher frequency of primary cilia (>0.002) (p<0.001). Median OS was significantly longer in patients with lower (<25%) CD8+ TIL expression than in patients with higher (>25%) CD8+ TIL expression (p=0.006). Median OS was significantly longer in patients with lower (<25%) PD-1 expression than in patients with higher (>25%) PD-1 expression (p=0.006). The present study provides the first data on the potential association and combined prognostic significance of frequency of primary cilia, CD8+ TIL expression and PD-1 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- antigeny CD279 MeSH
- cilie * patologie MeSH
- fluorescenční mikroskopie metody MeSH
- karcinom z renálních buněk * patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrotubuly patologie MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
- nefrektomie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
- proteiny hedgehog fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tumor infiltrující lymfocyty patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Highly conserved α- and β-tubulin heterodimers assemble into dynamic microtubules and perform multiple important cellular functions such as structural support, pathway for transport and force generation in cell division. Tubulin exists in different forms of isotypes expressed by specific genes with spatially- and temporally-regulated expression levels. Some tubulin isotypes are differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells, providing a basis for cancer chemotherapy drug development. Moreover, specific tubulin isotypes are overexpressed and localized in the nuclei of cancer cells and/or show bioenergetic functions through the regulation of the permeability of mitochondrial ion channels. It has also become clear that tubulin isotypes are involved in multiple cellular functions without being incorporated into microtubule structures. Understanding the mutations of tubulin isotypes specifically expressed in tumors and their post-translational modifications might help to identify precise molecular targets for the design of novel anti-microtubular drugs. Knowledge of tubulin mutations present in tubulinopathies brings into focus cellular functions of tubulin in brain pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease. Uncovering signaling pathways which affect tubulin functions during antigen-mediated activation of mast cells presents a major challenge in developing new strategies for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. γ-tubulin, a conserved member of the eukaryotic tubulin superfamily specialized for microtubule nucleation is a target of cell cycle and stress signaling. Besides its microtubule nucleation role, γ-tubulin functions in nuclear and cell cycle related processes. This special issue "Tubulin: Structure, Functions and Roles in Disease" contains eight articles, five of which are original research papers and three are review papers that cover diverse areas of tubulin biology and functions under normal and pathological conditions.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrotubuly genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádorové proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nádory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- protein - isoformy MeSH
- tubulin genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- úvodní články MeSH
- úvodníky MeSH
Previous findings showed that in mice, complete knockout of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) abolishes brain formation, while haploinsufficiency (Adnp+/-) causes cognitive impairments. We hypothesized that mutations in ADNP lead to a developmental/autistic syndrome in children. Indeed, recent phenotypic characterization of children harboring ADNP mutations (ADNP syndrome children) revealed global developmental delays and intellectual disabilities, including speech and motor dysfunctions. Mechanistically, ADNP includes a SIP motif embedded in the ADNP-derived snippet drug candidate NAP (NAPVSIPQ, also known as CP201), which binds to microtubule end-binding protein 3, essential for dendritic spine formation. Here, we established a unique neuronal membrane-tagged, GFP-expressing Adnp+/- mouse line allowing in vivo synaptic pathology quantification. We discovered that Adnp deficiency reduced dendritic spine density and altered synaptic gene expression, both of which were partly ameliorated by NAP treatment. Adnp+/-mice further exhibited global developmental delays, vocalization impediments, gait and motor dysfunctions, and social and object memory impairments, all of which were partially reversed by daily NAP administration (systemic/nasal). In conclusion, we have connected ADNP-related synaptic pathology to developmental and behavioral outcomes, establishing NAP in vivo target engagement and identifying potential biomarkers. Together, these studies pave a path toward the clinical development of NAP (CP201) for the treatment of ADNP syndrome.
- MeSH
- aminokyselinové motivy MeSH
- autistická porucha genetika metabolismus patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná membrána genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- chování zvířat MeSH
- dendritické trny metabolismus patologie MeSH
- homeodoménové proteiny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrotubuly genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- modely neurologické * MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- naftochinony farmakologie MeSH
- proteiny nervové tkáně nedostatek MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- synapse metabolismus patologie MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- audiovizuální média MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
Physical processes in living cells were not taken into consideration among the essentials of biological activity, regardless of the fact that they establish a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In biological system chemical energy is transformed into the work of physical forces for various biological functions. The energy transformation pathway is very likely connected with generation of the endogenous electrodynamic field as suggested by experimentally proved electrodynamic activity of biological systems connected with mitochondrial and microtubule functions. Besides production of ATP and GTP (adenosine and guanosine triphosphate) mitochondria form a proton space charge layer,
- MeSH
- adenosintrifosfát metabolismus MeSH
- apoptóza fyziologie genetika imunologie MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum metody trendy MeSH
- elektromagnetická pole škodlivé účinky MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fyziologie buňky fyziologie genetika imunologie MeSH
- glykolýza fyziologie genetika imunologie MeSH
- guanosintrifosfát metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina dichloroctová aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrotubuly fyziologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- mitochondrie fyziologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- nádorová transformace buněk genetika imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- nádory etiologie metabolismus terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
