Immune and endocrine systems are basic regulatory mechanisms of organism and, including the nervous system, maintain the organism's homeostasis. The main immune system representatives are mononuclear cells, T- and B-cells and their products, in the endocrine system the main representatives are cells of the glands with inner secretion and their products. One of the most important glands for maintaining homeostasis are adrenal glands. It has been proven that either cells of the immune system, either endocrine cells can, although in trace amounts, produce mutually mediators of both systems (hormones, cytokines). Disorders in one system can lead to pathological symptoms in the other system. Also here represent adrenals an important model.

• MeSH
• Addisonova nemoc imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• homeostáza imunologie   MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin imunologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• imunita imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadledviny fyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci nadledvin imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hormony kůry nadledvin MeSH

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) contributes to the development of gastric and extra-gastric diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), and causes persistent life-long infection despite local and systemic immune response. We determined the specific cellular immune response to Hp antigens and PWM (control mitogen) in two groups of Hp infected patients--group A (n = 21), involving patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and group B (n = 13) of patients without AT--using modified lymphocyte transformation test before and after eradication therapy in comparison with healthy controls (group C, n = 15). Immune reactivity to the majority of Hp antigens (aHp, hHp, HpAg, CagA) was significantly lower in group B before eradication therapy in comparison with healthy Hp negative controls. A significant increase in immune reactivity was observed in group B to certain Hp antigens after successful eradication. The same levels (but insignificant) of immune reactivity were shown in group A. Our results indicate that Hp can cause the inhibition of the specific cellular immune response in Hp infected patients with or without autoimmune diseases such as AT, which can be abrogated by successful eradication of Hp. Lymphocyte transformation test appears to be a good tool for detection of immune memory cellular response in patients with Hp infection.

• MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální imunologie   MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida komplikace   imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori imunologie   MeSH
• imunologická tolerance MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori komplikace   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny bakteriální MeSH

Autoimmune thyropathies are frequently linked to many infections, such as Helicobacter pylori, which are also supposed to play a role in their pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between thyroid and gastric autoimmunity and H. pylori infection on a large sample of Czech population (n=1621) by monitoring the autoantibodies against thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and gastric parietal cell (anti-GPC, representing thyrogastric syndrome) in correlation with antibodies against Helicobacter pylori (anti-H. pylori) of classes IgG and IgA. The interrelation between autoantibodies and H. pylori antibodies was assessed by H. pylori seropositivity. In H. pylori seropositive persons as compared to seronegative irrespective of age and sex, a higher occurrence of anti-TPO (10.4 % vs. 5.8 %, p=0.001) and anti-GPC (6.1 % vs. 1.7 %, p<0.001) was found. Differences in anti-TPO occurrence were significant in both men (7.0 % vs. 3.3 %, p=0.03) and women (12.7 % vs. 8.0 %, p=0.02), differences in anti-GPC occurrence were significant only in women (7.2 % vs. 1.7 %, p<0.001). Results of this study support the idea of a connection between infection of H. pylori and the occurrence of anti-TPO autoantibodies representing thyroid autoimmunity and gastric parietal cells autoantibodies representing the thyrogastric syndrome.

• MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• autoprotilátky krev   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin A krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• jodidperoxidasa imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• thyreoglobulin imunologie   MeSH
• žaludeční parietální buňky imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anti-thyroglobulin MeSH Prohlížeč
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• imunoglobulin A MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• jodidperoxidasa MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH
• thyreoglobulin MeSH

BACKGROUND: Endocrine ophthalmopathy is a chronic eye disease, characterized by inflammation in parabulbar and retrobulbar space, occurring usually in Graves' thyrotoxicosis. Although the pathogenesis of the disease has not been clarified until now, it is accepted that this disease is of an autoimmune nature, where the targets of the autoimmune reaction are the antigens shared by thyroid and orbit-tissue. The autoantibodies against recombinant 1D protein are highly specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of endocrine orbitopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: The aim of our study was to establish, whether the autoantibodies against 1D protein are found predominantly in patients with clinically expressed endocrine orbitopathy. We evaluated in 30 patients with clinically expressed endocrine orbitopathy the thickness of the three retrobulbar eye muscles, damaged by endocrine orbitopathy, determined the parameters of thyroid hormones and anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies. In all patients the detection of circulating autoantibodies against recombinant 1D protein was performed. Autoantibodies against recombinant 1D protein were found in all patients with clinically expressed endocrine orbitopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Immunoreactivity did not depend on the duration or severity of the eye disease, neither on patients' age. We did not find any correlation between the thickness of eye muscles and the titre of anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies, levels of ssTSH and free thyroxine and also any correlation between the thickness of eye muscles and the disease duration.

• MeSH
• autoantigeny imunologie   MeSH
• autoprotilátky analýza   MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• cytoskeletální proteiny imunologie   MeSH
• Gravesova oftalmopatie imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• okulomotorické svaly patologie   MeSH
• receptory thyreotropinu imunologie   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• autoantigeny MeSH
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• cytoskeletální proteiny MeSH
• LMOD1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• receptory thyreotropinu MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH

Helicobacter pylori from patients with different diseases, including so-called autoimmune thyroiditis, chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar cancer, was isolated and cultured. It was identified according to the genotype using labeled hybridization probes complementary to six sequences of cagA and vacA genes. Different types of strains were found in isolates from gastrointestinal tract and patients suffering from thyroiditis. Six out of seven genotyped isolates from patients in our Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery exhibited the same genotype, differing from isolates obtained from other patients; the 7th isolate originated from a patient who had undergone surgery for deviatio septi nasi, at the same time suffering from autoimmune thyroiditis, having confirmed gastric infection by H. pylori from biopsy. This data made it possible to formulate the hypothesis on probable association of specific H. pylori genotype with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar cancer. We assessed commercial transport media and improved nucleic acid isolation techniques and the RT-PCR-based tests, which allowed us to skip a culture step and to test directly the patients' samples; however, for full confirmation of our hypothesis and explanation of possible mechanisms of the contribution of Helicobacter sp. to the pathogenesis of the disease further data are to be collected and evaluated.

• MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida mikrobiologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori komplikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• tonzilární nádory mikrobiologie   MeSH
• tonzilitida mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny bakteriální MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori MeSH Prohlížeč
• kultivační média MeSH
• VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori MeSH Prohlížeč

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune thyropathies belong to the most frequently occurring autoimmune endocrinopathies. Autoimmune thyropathies occur either independently or linked to known polyglandular syndromes of type I-III. METHODS AND RESULTS: During the last decade, we observed a group of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, in which autoimmune endocrinopathies were mutually associated and named the symptoms of this group "polyglandular activation of autoimmunity". The frequency of the occurrence of autoantibodies against other endocrine organs in this group was determined and the most frequent was the occurrence of the autoantibodies against steroid producing cells - anti-ovary 28 %, anti-adrenal 23 %, anti-testes 12 %. Considering the most frequent occurrence of autoantibodies against steroid producing cells, attention has been paid namely to patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and a concurrent occurrence of anti-adrenal autoantibodies. In the foreground of the clinical picture of these patients were dysregulations on the metabolic and circulation levels together with symptoms of discomfort (subfebrile condition, arthralgia and fatigue). Heavy fatigue of these patients was linked to the changes of levels and mutual ratio of melatonin and serotonin and regarding autoantibodies, mainly autoantibodies against steroid producing cells, namely against the particular cells of the layers of adrenal cortex played a role. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of autoantibodies influenced also the functional response, namely the ACTH/cortisol ratio. Autoantibodies detected were not anti-21-hydroxylase autoantibodies, typical for autoimmune polyglandular syndrome II, but antibodies against antigens of other molecular weight.

• MeSH
• autoimunitní polyglandulární syndromy imunologie   MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida imunologie   MeSH
• autoprotilátky biosyntéza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadledviny imunologie   MeSH
• ovarium imunologie   MeSH
• testis imunologie   MeSH
• únava etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• autoprotilátky MeSH

Autoimmune thyroiditis occurs as organ specific autoimmune disease not only as an isolated impairment of thyroid gland, but also linked to many autoimmune endocrinopathies. Genetic predisposition in the area of HLA antigens was followed up by patients with autoimmune thyroiditis diagnosed in this way and it appeared that genetic predisposition in isolated autoimmune thyroiditis is different when compared to the occurrence linked to endocrine polyglandular disease. In selected groups of patients with autoimmune disease also the influence of extraneous factors on the development of the autoimmune process was followed up, namely the influence of heavy metals and the influence of infectious agent--Helicobacter pylori. These factors have a different character of activation of autoimmune thyroiditis too, depending on the character of its manifestation as isolated disorder or in link to autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II, or in link to the group of polyglandular activation of autoimmunity. To conclude, this study leads to the assumption, that autoimmune thyroiditis is a set of clinical syndromes that depends on the activation of the autoimmune process, rather than a strictly genetically and epigenetically characterized nosological unit.

• MeSH
• alergie komplikace   MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida etiologie   genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori imunologie   MeSH
• HLA antigeny analýza   MeSH
• kovy imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HLA antigeny MeSH
• kovy MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH

The HLA allelic frequency was determined in three groups of autoimmune endocrinopathies: A) 30 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, B) 20 patients with polyglandular activation of autoimmunity, and C) 10 patients with the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II. The groups were defined by the clinical state and serological parameters. Healthy blood donors of Caucasian population from the US database of HLA frequencies served as the controls. In group A, a higher occurrence of HLA-A24 (21.7 %) was found as compared to group B (5.0 %) and to the controls (8.5 %), of HLA-B27 (15.0 %) and of HLA-DR-11 (20 %) as compared to the controls (4.2 % and 8.5 %). In group B, a higher occurrence of HLA-A3 (25.0 %) was found as compared to group A (10 %) and to the controls (11.8 %), and of HLA-B8 (22.5 %) as compared to group A (8.3 %) and to the controls (8.6 %). In this group the occurrence of HLA-DR3 (30.0 %) was higher as compared to group A (10.0 %) and to the controls (9.8 %) and of HLA-B8 (30.0 %) as compared to group A (8.3 %) and to the controls (8.6 %). Genetic markers indicate a similarity of groups B and C. Patients in these groups could be at different stages of the same disease, however, some distinctions between them lead us to consider the possibility whether different epigenetic factors could extend the difference between these groups in the course of clinical development.

• MeSH
• autoimunitní polyglandulární syndromy genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• autoprotilátky krev   MeSH
• DNA genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• glutamát dekarboxyláza imunologie   MeSH
• HLA antigeny genetika   MeSH
• HLA-A antigeny genetika   MeSH
• HLA-B antigeny genetika   MeSH
• HLA-DR antigeny genetika   MeSH
• Langerhansovy ostrůvky imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadledviny imunologie   MeSH
• ovarium imunologie   MeSH
• steroid-21-hydroxylasa imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• glutamát dekarboxyláza MeSH
• HLA antigeny MeSH
• HLA-A antigeny MeSH
• HLA-B antigeny MeSH
• HLA-DR antigeny MeSH
• ICA512 autoantibody MeSH Prohlížeč
• steroid-21-hydroxylasa MeSH

Autoimmune endocrinopathies can be divided according to the presence of organ specific autoantibodies and according to the clinical manifestations into isolated autoimmune endocrinopathies, autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) and polyglandular activation of autoimmunity (PAA). Many factors take part in the development of the autoimmune disease: predominantly a genetic predisposition, environmental etiologic causes and dysregulation in the microenvironment of the target organ. Until now it is not completely clear, if manifestations of the clinical disease depend primarily upon external factors and the degree of regulation mechanism disorder (e.g. in Th1/Th2 regulation) or upon the different genetic predisposition. In this work we compared the levels of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte cytokines in peripheral blood in three groups of patients: group A of 30 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, group B of 25 patients with PAA, and group C of 10 patients with APS type II. From group of Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma were detected, whereas from group of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA kit. We did not find any differences in the concentrations of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 among the groups of patients with autoimmune endocrinopathies.

• MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci krev   MeSH
• autoimunitní polyglandulární syndromy krev   klasifikace   MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida krev   MeSH
• cytokiny krev   MeSH
• interferon gama krev   MeSH
• interleukin-10 krev   MeSH
• interleukin-2 krev   MeSH
• interleukin-4 krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci endokrinního systému krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• interferon gama MeSH
• interleukin-10 MeSH
• interleukin-2 MeSH
• interleukin-4 MeSH

Our study was designed to assess the effect of heavy metals on the severity of fatigue in autoimmune thyroid disease associated with autoantibodies against other endocrine organs. We compared our data with those obtained from other groups of patients. A total of five groups of patients were examined by their medical history, dental examination, and using a modified test of blast transformation of metals (Melisa): a) 10 fatigues female patients with autoimmune thyroidism and polyglandular activation of autoimmunity, b) 12 fatigued patients with autoimmune thyroidism, c) 28 fatigued patients free of endocrinopathy, d) 22 professionals without evidence of autoimmunity, e) 13 controls, a population sample, the individuals did not complain of marked fatigue and their laboratory tests did not show signs of autoimmunity and endocrinopathy. Fatigue regardless of the underlying disease is primarily associated with hypersensitivity to inorganic and organic mercury, nickel, and gold. The groups differed in their hypersensitivity to other metals. In the control group, hypersensitivity--mostly to cadmium and lead--was found in four of the examined individuals only. Statistical analysis of data obtained from professionals and controls revealed a higher incidence of positivity to organic and inorganic mercury and nickel in professionals.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• alergeny * MeSH
• alergie komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida komplikace   imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• syndrom chronické únavy komplikace   imunologie   MeSH
• těžké kovy imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny * MeSH
• těžké kovy MeSH