Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease in which a heterogeneous course and different pathogenic mechanisms are implicated in chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Despite the diagnostic contribution of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factors, about one-third of RA patients remain seronegative. ACPAs belong to a heterogeneous family of autoantibodies targeting citrullinated proteins, including myelin-basic protein, several histone proteins, filaggrin and fibrin, fibrinogen or vimentin. In addition to ACPAs, antibodies directed against other post-translationally modified-carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP) were detected in up to 30% of ACPA-negative patients. Using phage display technology, further autoantibodies were recently discovered as candidate biomarkers for seronegative RA patients. Furthermore, in clinical practice, ultrasound may reveal subclinical synovitis and radiographically undetected bone erosions. To improve diagnostic certainty in undifferentiated arthritis and seronegative patients, ultrasound imaging and several new biomarkers may help to identify at risk patients and those with early disease. In this commentary we summarize recent advances in joint ultrasound and future potential of serological biomarkers to improve diagnosis of RA.
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza krev MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- filagriny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida krev diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská normy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- úvodníky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- filagriny MeSH
- FLG protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
A release of light neurofilament subunits (NFL) into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in multiple sclerosis (MS) may induce an immune response. We examined CSF and serum NFL levels and IgG antibodies against NFL in 19 patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) early converted into MS, 20 CIS-non-converters, 23 MS patients and 32 controls. CSF NFL levels were significantly higher in all patient groups. The highest CSF or intrathecally (IT) synthesized anti-NFL antibodies and CSF/serum ratios of anti-NFL antibodies were observed in CIS-converters. CSF NFL and CSF or IT anti-NFL antibodies could be surrogate biomarkers of axonal injury in early MS.
- Klíčová slova
- Antibody, Cerebrospinal fluid, Clinically isolated syndrome, Light neurofilament subunit, Multiple sclerosis, Serum,
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza krev mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- axony patologie MeSH
- biologické markery krev mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- demyelinizační nemoci krev mozkomíšní mok imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neurofilamentové proteiny krev mozkomíšní mok imunologie MeSH
- prodromální symptomy MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza krev mozkomíšní mok imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- neurofilament protein L MeSH Prohlížeč
- neurofilamentové proteiny MeSH
The role of humoral immunity related to neuron- and disease-specific cytoskeletal proteins patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) is unknown. We measured antibodies against tau protein, light and heavy (NFH) neurofilaments using ELISA in 80 paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with AD, with other dementias (OD), with neuro-inflammatory diseases (IC) and 25 controls (NC). We estimated intrathecal synthesis according to the formula (CSF/serum anti-neurocytoskeletal IgG)/(CSF/serum total IgG). AD patients had significantly higher intrathecal anti-tau and anti-NFH antibodies than the other groups. These innovative findings may hint at specific alterations in humoral anti-neurocytoskeletal immunity and selectivity in AD, which could have diagnostic and immunotherapeutic implications.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc mozkomíšní mok imunologie MeSH
- autoantigeny imunologie MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza mozkomíšní mok imunologie MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurofilamentové proteiny imunologie MeSH
- proteiny tau imunologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- autoantigeny MeSH
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- neurofilament protein H MeSH Prohlížeč
- neurofilamentové proteiny MeSH
- proteiny tau MeSH
Expression features of genetic landscape which predispose an individual to the type 1 diabetes are poorly understood. We addressed this question by comparing gene expression profile of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from either patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), or their first-degree relatives or healthy controls. Our aim was to establish whether a distinct type of 'prodiabetogenic' gene expression pattern in the group of relatives of patients with T1D could be identified. Whole-genome expression profile of nine patients with T1D, their ten first-degree relatives and ten healthy controls was analysed using the human high-density expression microarray chip. Functional aspects of candidate genes were assessed using the MetaCore software. The highest number of differentially expressed genes (547) was found between the autoantibody-negative healthy relatives and the healthy controls. Some of them represent genes critically involved in the regulation of innate immune responses such as TLR signalling and CCR3 signalling in eosinophiles, humoral immune reactions such as BCR pathway, costimulation and cytokine responses mediated by CD137, CD40 and CD28 signalling and IL-1 proinflammatory pathway. Our data demonstrate that expression profile of healthy relatives of patients with T1D is clearly distinct from the pattern found in the healthy controls. That especially concerns differential activation status of genes and signalling pathways involved in proinflammatory processes and those of innate immunity and humoral reactivity. Thus, we posit that the study of the healthy relative's gene expression pattern is instrumental for the identification of novel markers associated with the development of diabetes.
- MeSH
- anotace sekvence MeSH
- autoimunita MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- CD antigeny genetika imunologie MeSH
- celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu genetika imunologie patologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humorální imunita MeSH
- interleukin-1 genetika imunologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- leukocyty mononukleární imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- primární buněčná kultura MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- receptory CCR3 genetika imunologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese imunologie MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- toll-like receptory genetika imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- CCR3 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- CD antigeny MeSH
- interleukin-1 MeSH
- receptory CCR3 MeSH
- toll-like receptory MeSH
BACKGROUND: Autoimmune thyropathies belong to the most frequently occurring autoimmune endocrinopathies. Autoimmune thyropathies occur either independently or linked to known polyglandular syndromes of type I-III. METHODS AND RESULTS: During the last decade, we observed a group of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, in which autoimmune endocrinopathies were mutually associated and named the symptoms of this group "polyglandular activation of autoimmunity". The frequency of the occurrence of autoantibodies against other endocrine organs in this group was determined and the most frequent was the occurrence of the autoantibodies against steroid producing cells - anti-ovary 28 %, anti-adrenal 23 %, anti-testes 12 %. Considering the most frequent occurrence of autoantibodies against steroid producing cells, attention has been paid namely to patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and a concurrent occurrence of anti-adrenal autoantibodies. In the foreground of the clinical picture of these patients were dysregulations on the metabolic and circulation levels together with symptoms of discomfort (subfebrile condition, arthralgia and fatigue). Heavy fatigue of these patients was linked to the changes of levels and mutual ratio of melatonin and serotonin and regarding autoantibodies, mainly autoantibodies against steroid producing cells, namely against the particular cells of the layers of adrenal cortex played a role. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of autoantibodies influenced also the functional response, namely the ACTH/cortisol ratio. Autoantibodies detected were not anti-21-hydroxylase autoantibodies, typical for autoimmune polyglandular syndrome II, but antibodies against antigens of other molecular weight.
- MeSH
- autoimunitní polyglandulární syndromy imunologie MeSH
- autoimunitní tyreoiditida imunologie MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadledviny imunologie MeSH
- ovarium imunologie MeSH
- testis imunologie MeSH
- únava etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza MeSH
- buněčná imunita MeSH
- endometrióza genetika imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- HLA-D antigeny biosyntéza MeSH
- komplement biosyntéza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- HLA-D antigeny MeSH
- komplement MeSH
Chickens of the inbred IA line develop clinical signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) after immunization with myelin basic protein (MP) or spinal cord tissue (SCT). The disease is accompanied by convulsions and paralysis of wings and legs. EAE leads to a 100% mortality in IA line chickens. On the other hand, no clinical signs appear in WA line and (CB x IA) F1 chickens following immunization with either antigen. The IA line and (CB x IA)F1 chickens develop severe inflammatory changes in brain and spinal cord tissues after immunization with SCT, whereas no such alterations occur in WA line chickens. Immunization with MP does not lead to histopathological changes in any chicken line investigated. MP, however, induces high production of specific IgM antibodies in all lines. IgG antibody levels are elevated only in IA line chickens after immunization with either antigen.
- MeSH
- autoantigeny imunologie MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza MeSH
- encefalitogenní základní proteiny imunologie MeSH
- encefalomyelitida autoimunitní experimentální imunologie patologie MeSH
- glomerulus patologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin M biosyntéza MeSH
- inbreeding MeSH
- játra patologie MeSH
- kur domácí imunologie MeSH
- mícha imunologie MeSH
- nervový systém patologie MeSH
- slezina patologie MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- autoantigeny MeSH
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- encefalitogenní základní proteiny MeSH
- imunoglobulin M MeSH
Literary data (48 references) on the phenomenon of polyclonal activation (PA) of lymphocytes are analysed and PA inductors of various nature are classified. A new trend in the study of PA is pointed out--the recording of nonspecific reactions to not only exogenous, but also endogenous antigens (mostly autologous erythrocytes and DNA). The problems of the mechanism of PA, the role of the normal autoimmune system, T-cells and macrophages, increased synthesis of specific and nonspecific immunoglobulins and cell proliferation are discussed. The great protective significance of PA as the quickest humoral reaction of the organism on the intrusion of antigenic products or their endogenous synthesis is emphasized. The possibility of using PA for the characterization of the function of B-cells and the normal system of autoimmunity is pointed out. In the study of PA, a standard complex of antigens should be used which should invariably include the cells of microbial autoflora of the body as well as tissue antigens for the detection of autoimmune reaction.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů * MeSH
- antigeny imunologie MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tvorba protilátek * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny MeSH
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza MeSH
- centrální nervový systém metabolismus MeSH
- gama-glutamyltransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- hypoxie imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- nervová tkáň imunologie MeSH
- novorozená zvířata * MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- gama-glutamyltransferasa MeSH
It has been shown in experiments on 240 mice (lines CBA, C57Bl, their first generation F1 hybrids and animals of mixed breed) that spleen cells of mice immunized by subcutaneous administration of 0.2 ml of pigeon blood are capable of producing the formation of plaques of hemolysis with autologous erythrocytes and rosettes with pigeon erythrocytes. This indicates the immediate participation of cells producing autohemolysins in the specific immune response.
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky biosyntéza MeSH
- buňky produkující protilátky imunologie MeSH
- Columbidae krev MeSH
- hemolytická plaková technika MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši inbrední CBA MeSH
- myši MeSH
- tvorba rozet * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- autoprotilátky MeSH
