The family Anelloviridae comprises negative single-stranded circular DNA viruses. Within this family, there are 30 established genera. Anelloviruses in the genus Gyrovirus have been identified infecting various avian species, whereas those in the remaining 29 genera have been found primarily infecting various mammal species. We renamed the 146 anellovirus species with binomial species names, as required by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) using a "genus + freeform epithet" format.

• MeSH
• Anelloviridae * genetika   MeSH
• Gyrovirus * MeSH
• savci MeSH
• viry * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppression after kidney transplantation is mainly guided via plasma tacrolimus trough level, which cannot sufficiently predict allograft rejection and infection. The plasma load of the non-pathogenic and highly prevalent torque teno virus (TTV) is associated with the immunosuppression of its host. Non-interventional studies suggest the use of TTV load to predict allograft rejection and infection. The primary objective of the current trial is to demonstrate the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of TTV-guided immunosuppression. METHODS: For this purpose, a randomised, controlled, interventional, two-arm, non-inferiority, patient- and assessor-blinded, investigator-driven phase II trial was designed. A total of 260 stable, low-immunological-risk adult recipients of a kidney graft with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression and TTV infection after month 3 post-transplantation will be recruited in 13 academic centres in six European countries. Subjects will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio (allocation concealment) to receive tacrolimus either guided by TTV load or according to the local centre standard for 9 months. The primary composite endpoint includes the occurrence of infections, biopsy-proven allograft rejection, graft loss, or death. The main secondary endpoints include estimated glomerular filtration rate, graft rejection detected by protocol biopsy at month 12 post-transplantation (including molecular microscopy), development of de novo donor-specific antibodies, health-related quality of life, and drug adherence. In parallel, a comprehensive biobank will be established including plasma, serum, urine and whole blood. The date of the first enrolment was August 2022 and the planned end is April 2025. DISCUSSION: The assessment of individual kidney transplant recipient immune function might enable clinicians to personalise immunosuppression, thereby reducing infection and rejection. Moreover, the trial might act as a proof of principle for TTV-guided immunosuppression and thus pave the way for broader clinical applications, including as guidance for immune modulators or disease-modifying agents. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EU CT-Number: 2022-500024-30-00.

• Klíčová slova
• Graft rejection, Immunological monitoring, Immunosuppression, Infection, Kidney transplantation, Personalised medicine, Tacrolimus, Torque teno virus,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunosupresiva škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rejekce štěpu diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• takrolimus škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Torque teno virus * MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunosupresiva MeSH
• takrolimus MeSH

OBJECTIVES: RA patients who fail to respond to MTX can receive biologic dMARDs (bDMARDs). The Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a potential novel candidate for monitoring of immunosuppression. We explore TTV in these patients and its association with clinical response to bDMARDs. METHODS: The BioBio Study is a multicentre randomized open-label trial, including RA patients with insufficient response to MTX. Patients were randomized to either TNFi (infliximab, INF), anti-IL-6 (tocilizumab, TCZ), CTLA4-Ig (abatacept, ABA) or anti-CD20 (rituximab, RTX) in addition to MTX. PCR was used to quantify TTV in the peripheral blood. RESULTS: TTV was measured in 95 patients (INF, n = 23; TCZ, n = 22; ABA, n = 27; RTX; n = 23). TTV increased by a median of 4.5 × 104 copies/ml [c/ml; interquartile range (IQR) 0-7.5 × 105] after 3 months. TTV levels at month 3 were associated with the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) (P = 0.03) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) response (P = 0.026) at month 6. A TTV cut-off level of 1.2 × 106 c/ml at month 3 had a positive likelihood ratio of 2.7 for prediction of an 85% reduction in SDAI at month 6. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that TTV levels increase upon TNF, CD20 and costimulation blockade and are associated with the clinical response to bDMARDs in RA patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov; https://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01638715.

• Klíčová slova
• Torque Teno Virus, bDMARDs, methotrexate, outcomes, rheumatoid arthritis, treatment response,
• MeSH
• abatacept terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antirevmatika * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologické přípravky * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunomodulace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Torque teno virus * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• abatacept MeSH
• antirevmatika * MeSH
• biologické přípravky * MeSH

Anelloviruses are small negative-sense single-stranded DNA viruses with genomes ranging in size from 1.6 to 3.9 kb. The family Anelloviridae comprised 14 genera before the present changes. However, in the last five years, a large number of diverse anelloviruses have been identified in various organisms. Here, we undertake a global analysis of mammalian anelloviruses whose full genome sequences have been determined and have an intact open reading frame 1 (ORF1). We established new criteria for the classification of anelloviruses, and, based on our analyses, we establish new genera and species to accommodate the unclassified anelloviruses. We also note that based on the updated species demarcation criteria, some previously assigned species (n = 10) merge with other species. Given the rate at which virus sequence data are accumulating, and with the identification of diverse anelloviruses, we acknowledge that the taxonomy will have to be dynamic and continuously evolve to accommodate new members.

• MeSH
• Anelloviridae klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• databáze genetické MeSH
• DNA virů genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• otevřené čtecí rámce genetika   MeSH
• savci virologie   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• terminologie jako téma MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA virů MeSH

The genus Gyrovirus was assigned to the family Anelloviridae in 2017 with only one recognized species, Chicken anemia virus. Over the last decade, many diverse viruses related to chicken anemia virus have been identified but not classified. Here, we provide a framework for the classification of new species in the genus Gyrovirus and communicate the establishment of nine new species. We adopted the 'Genus + freeform epithet' binomial system for the naming of these species.

• MeSH
• Anelloviridae klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• databáze genetické MeSH
• DNA virů genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• Gyrovirus klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• terminologie jako téma * MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• virus anemie kuřat klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA virů MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny MeSH

Anelloviridae family is comprised of small, non-enveloped viruses of various genome lengths, high sequence diversity, sharing the same genome organization. Infections and co-infections by different genotypes in humans are ubiquitous. Related viruses were described in number of mammalian hosts, but very limited data are available from the closest human relatives - great apes and non-human primates. Here we report the 100% prevalence determined by semi-nested PCR from fecal samples of 16 captive primate species. Only the Mandrillus sphinx, showed the prevalence only 8%. We describe three new species of gorillas׳ and four new species of chimpanzees׳ Betatorqueviruses and their co-infections in one individual. This study is also first report and analysis of nearly full length TTMV genomes infecting gorillas. Our attempts to sequence the complete genomes of anelloviruses from host feces invariably failed. Broader usage of blood /tissue material is necessary to understand the diversity and interspecies transmission of anelloviruses.

• Klíčová slova
• Anellovirus, Genome sequence, Great apes, Non-human primates, Torque Teno mini virus,
• MeSH
• DNA virů genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• Gorilla gorilla virologie   MeSH
• infekce DNA virem epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• koinfekce genetika   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• Pan troglodytes virologie   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• Torque teno virus klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA virů MeSH

Torque teno felis virus (FcTTV) was detected in the cat population in the Czech Republic. A total of 110 serum samples were tested by a nested PCR technique using specific primers, situated in the highly conserved untranslated region of the virus genome. The frequency of feline TT virus in the Czech Republic was found to be 33.63%. Sequencing of PCR product from several virus strains showed that all of them are closely related and belong to the same virus species. Whole genome sequencing of three strains was performed to compare overall genetic heterogeneity of feline TT viruses. One of these three strains showed more that 10% difference at the nucleotide level. Furthermore we didn't find any correlation between FcTTV infection and sex or health status of examined animals.

• Klíčová slova
• Anelloviruses, Cats, Genome sequencing, Prevalence,
• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• infekce DNA virem epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• kočky virologie   MeSH
• nemoci koček epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Torque teno virus genetika   MeSH
• virové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky virologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ORF1 protein, TT virus MeSH Prohlížeč
• virové proteiny MeSH

The aim of this work is to identify antigenic regions within the ORF1 protein of Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and Torque teno virus sus 2 (TTSuV2) that could be used as antigens to detect virus-specific antibodies following infection in pigs. Protein sequences of TTSuV ORF1 genes were analysed to predict linear antigenic epitopes. Synthesized peptides were analysed for serological reactivity with swine sera. Such an antigenic region was identified at the C terminus of the ORF1 protein of both viruses and showed serological reactivity with 78 % (TTSuV1) and 88 % (TTSuV2) of swine sera. An ELISA with an immunodominant peptide as antigen was used to examine the sera of piglets, aged 4-20 weeks, and adults. Results indicated that TTSuV1- and TTSuV2-specific antibodies were detectable at 4 weeks. Antibody titres increased from week 10 and peaked at week 20. A relatively high antibody titre persisted to adulthood.

• MeSH
• infekce DNA virem imunologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• mapování epitopu MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nemoci prasat imunologie   virologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• protilátky virové imunologie   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• Torque teno virus chemie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny chemie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky virové MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny MeSH

Torque teno sus viruses (TTSuV) were detected in the pig population in the Czech Republic by a nested PCR technique. The prevalence of individual TTSuV was found to be 42.9% (TTSuV1) and 46.7% (TTSuV2). The prevalence for TTSuV 1 and TTSuV2 was determined to be 52.7% and 60.6% in piglets at weaning, 90.9% and 63.6% in gilts, and 75% and 87.5% in sows, respectively. Both virus species were detected in 12% of newborn piglets, which suggests possible transplacental transmission. Sequencing of several virus strains showed that the sequenced TTSuV strains belong to two different species of viruses. The average similarity on the nucleotide levels between these two species was 43.3%.

• MeSH
• DNA virů chemie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• infekce DNA virem epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nemoci prasat epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sekvenční homologie nukleových kyselin MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Torque teno virus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA virů MeSH

BACKGROUND: The female lower genital tract is a gateway for pathogens entering the host through the mucous membrane. One of the prevalent human viruses is Torque teno virus (TTV). The major reported routes of TTV transmission are fecal-oral and parenteral. Furthermore, other modes of transmission, e.g. sexual contact, are suggested. To investigate the sexual route of TTV transmission, cervical smears of healthy women and those with cervical lesions were screened for the presence of TTV DNA. METHODS: TTV DNA was studied in cervical smears of 95 patients with cervical lesions and 55 healthy women. Paired serum samples were available from 55 and 42 women, respectively. All healthy women had normal cytology while 44 patients had histologically confirmed low-grade lesion (LGL) and 51 high-grade lesion (HGL). TTV DNA was detected with primers specific for the non-coding region. In 40 paired cervical smears and serum samples, the phylogenetic group of TTV isolates was determined. The presence of HPV DNA in cervical smears was detected by means of PCR with MY09/11 primers. RESULTS: The prevalence of TTV DNA in cervical smears of healthy women was 52.7% and was comparable with that in paired serum samples (50%). Symptomatic women had significantly higher prevalence of TTV DNA in cervical smears (74.7%) than healthy controls. The TTV DNA prevalence in patient serum samples was 51%. The phylogenetic groups of TTV serum isolates were concordant with those of TTV from cervical smears of the same subjects. In cervical smears, a wider variety of TTV isolates was found. The viral loads in cervical smears were 10 to 1000 times as high as in sera. The HPV-positive study subjects had significantly higher TTV DNA prevalence than HPV negatives. The prevalence of TTV was not associated with disease severity. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of TTV in cervical smears suggests that sexual transmission is another mode of expansion of TTV infection among the population. The higher viral load in cervical smears than in the respective serum samples might indicate active TTV replication in the female genital tract. Nevertheless, cooperation between TTV and HPV needs to be further investigated.

• MeSH
• DNA virů krev   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• infekce DNA virem komplikace   epidemiologie   přenos   virologie   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem komplikace   epidemiologie   přenos   virologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Papillomaviridae genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuálně přenosné nemoci virové komplikace   epidemiologie   přenos   virologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Torque teno virus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• vaginální stěr MeSH
• virová nálož MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA virů MeSH