OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spectral power of the cortical bands in patients with first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder at rest and during the performance of a mental arithmetic task. METHODS: We analyzed EEG spectral power (SP) in the resting state and subsequently while counting down from 200 in steps of 7, in 32 first episode schizophrenia patients (SZ), 32 patients with first episode schizoaffective disorder (SA) and healthy controls (HC, n=40). Behavioral parameters such as accuracy and counting speed were also evaluated. RESULTS: Both SZ and SA patients were slower in counting than HC, no difference was obtained in the accuracy and counting speed in the patient groups. In the resting state patients showed elevated midline theta power, off-midline anterior beta 2 power and decreased central/posterior alpha power. The SA group occupied an intermediate position between the schizophrenia patients and controls. In task performance patients lacked a typical increase of midline theta, left anterior beta 2, and anterior gamma power; however, schizoaffective patients demonstrated a growing trend of power in the gamma band in left anterior off-midline sites similar to HC. Moreover, alpha power was less inhibited in schizoaffective patients and more pronounced in schizophrenia patients indicating distinct inhibitory mechanisms in these psychotic disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SA demonstrate less alteration in the spectral power of bands at rest than SZ, and present spectral power changes during cognitive task performance close to the controls. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study contributes to the present evidence on the neurophysiological distinction between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

• Klíčová slova
• EEG spectral power, First psychotic episode, Mental arithmetic task, Resting state, Schizoaffective disorder, Schizophrenia,
• MeSH
• alfa rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• matematika * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odpočinek fyziologie   MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů * MeSH
• psychotické poruchy patofyziologie   MeSH
• schizofrenie patofyziologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• theta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cognitive adverse effects were reported after the deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (AN) in epilepsy. As the AN may have an influence on widespread neocortical networks, we hypothesized that the AN, in addition to its participation in memory processing, may also participate in cognitive activities linked with the frontal neocortical structures. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the AN might participate in complex motor-cognitive activities. Three pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients implanted with AN-DBS electrodes performed two tasks involving the writing of single letters: (1) copying letters from a monitor; and (2) writing of any letter other than that appearing on the monitor. The cognitive load of the second task was increased. The task-related oscillatory changes and evoked potentials were assessed. Local event-related alpha and beta desynchronization were more expressed during the second task while the lower gamma synchronization decreased. The local field event-related potentials were elicited by the two tasks without any specific differences. The AN participates in cognitive networks processing complex motor-cognitive tasks. Attention should be paid to executive functions in subjects undergoing AN-DBS.

• MeSH
• alfa rytmus EEG MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• epilepsie patologie   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• evokované potenciály MeSH
• gama rytmus EEG MeSH
• hluboká mozková stimulace MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• léková rezistence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• motorické dovednosti fyziologie   MeSH
• nuclei anteriores thalami patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• psaní * MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• zraková percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Coherence changes can reflect the pathophysiological processes involved in human ageing. We conducted a retrospective population study that sought to analyze the age-related changes in EEG coherence in a group of 17,722 healthy professional drivers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The EEGs were obtained using a standard 10-20 electrode configuration on the scalp. The recordings from 19 scalp electrodes were taken while the participants' eyes were closed. The linear correlations between the age and coherence were estimated by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Our results showed a significant decrease in coherence with age in the theta and alpha bands, and there was an increasing coherence with the beta bands. The most prominent changes occurred in the alpha bands. The delta bands contained movement artefacts, which most likely do not change with age. CONCLUSIONS: The age-related EEG desynchrony can be partly explained by the age-related reduction of cortical connectivity. Higher frequencies of oscillations require less cortical area of high coherence. These findings explain why the lowest average coherence values were observed in the beta and sigma bands, as well as why the beta bands show borderline statistical significance and the sigma bands show non-significance. The age-dependent decrease in coherence may influence the estimation of age-related changes in EEG energy due to phase cancellation.

• Klíčová slova
• Ageing, Coherence, Electroencephalogram, Normal values,
• MeSH
• alfa rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• delta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografická fázová synchronizace fyziologie   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• theta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the oscillatory changes during target and distractor stimuli processing. We focused mainly on responses after distractor stimuli in the prefrontal cortex and their possible relation to our previous results from the basal ganglia. METHODS: Five epilepsy surgery candidates with implanted depth electrodes performed a three-stimulus paradigm. The frequent stimulus (70%; without required response) was a small blue circle, the target stimulus (15%; with motor response) was a larger blue circle, and the distractor stimulus (15%; without required response) was a checkerboard. The SEEG signals from 404 electrode contacts were analysed using event-related de/synchronization (ERD/S) methodology. RESULTS: The main response to the target stimuli was ERD in the alpha and low beta bands, predominantly in the motor control areas, parietal cortex and hippocampus. The distractor stimuli were generally accompanied by an early theta frequency band power increase most markedly in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Different ERD/S patterns underline attentional shifting to rare target ("go") and distractor ("no-go") stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE: As an increase in lower frequency band power is considered to be a correlate of active inhibition, the prefrontal structures seem to be essential for inhibition of non-required movements.

• MeSH
• alfa rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• biologické hodiny fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• epilepsie patofyziologie   MeSH
• evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• korová synchronizace fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• modely neurologické * MeSH
• prefrontální mozková kůra fyziologie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The goal of this study was an administration of the navigation task in a three-dimensional virtual environment to localize the electroencephalogram (EEG) features responsible for egocentric and allocentric reference frame processing in a horizontal and also in a vertical plane. We recorded the EEG signal of a traverse through a virtual tunnel to search for the best signal features that discriminate between specific strategies in particular plane. We identified intrahemispheric coherences in occipital-parietal and temporal-parietal areas as the most discriminative features. They have 10% lower error rate compared to single electrode features adopted in previous studies. The behavioral analysis revealed that 11% of participants switched from egocentric to allocentric strategy in a vertical plane, while 24% of participants consistently adopted egocentric strategy in both planes.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrody MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• funkční lateralita fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• počítačová grafika MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• spánkový lalok fyziologie   MeSH
• temenní lalok fyziologie   MeSH
• theta rytmus EEG MeSH
• týlní lalok fyziologie   MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
• vlnková analýza MeSH
• vnímání prostoru fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Recent findings indicate that complex cognitive functions are organized at a global level in the brain and rely on large-scale information processing requiring functional integration of multiple disparate neural assemblies. The critical question of the integration of distributed brain activities is whether the essential integrative role can be attributed to a specific structure in the brain or whether this ability is inherent to the cognitive network as a whole. The results of the present study show that mean values of the running correlation function in frontal-temporal EEG pairs with one electrode in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are significantly higher than the same values in other frontal-temporal pairs. These findings indicate a particular role of the ACC in large-scale communication, which could reflect its unique integrative functions in cognitive processing.

• MeSH
• amygdala patofyziologie   MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• čelní lalok patofyziologie   MeSH
• cingulární gyrus patofyziologie   MeSH
• dominance mozková fyziologie   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• epilepsie patofyziologie   MeSH
• Fourierova analýza MeSH
• gyrus parahippocampalis patofyziologie   MeSH
• hipokampus patofyziologie   MeSH
• implantované elektrody MeSH
• korová synchronizace fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu * MeSH
• spánkový lalok patofyziologie   MeSH
• vědomí fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Spatiotemporal dynamics of event-related potentials (ERP) evoked by non-target stimuli in a visual oddball experiment and the presence of coherent oscillations in beta 2 frequency band of decomposed EEG records from peristimulus period were investigated by means of intracranial electrodes in humans. Twenty-one patients with medically intractable epilepsy participated in the study. The EEG signal was recorded using platinum electrodes implanted in several cortical and subcortical sites. Averaged 2 s EEG records were analyzed. Task-specific EEG changes were found in each patient, ERPs were derived from 92 electrodes used (96 % of possible cases). In the majority of analysed cases, ERPs were composed of several distinct components, and their duration was mostly longer than 1 s. The mean onset of the first ERP component was 158+/-132 ms after the stimulus (median 112 ms, minimum value 42 ms, maximum value 755 ms), and large variability of these onset times was found in all the investigated structures. Possible coherence between neural activities of remote brain sites was investigated by calculating running correlations between pairs of decomposed EEG records (alpha, beta 1, beta 2 frequency bands were used, total number of correlated pairs was 662 in each frequency band). The record pairs exhibiting highly correlated time segments represented 23 % of all the investigated pairs in alpha band, 7 % in beta 1 band, and 59 % in beta 2 band. In investigated 2 s record windows, such segments were distributed evenly, i.e. they were also found before the stimulus onset. In conclusion, the results have implicated the idea that a lot of recorded ERPs was more or less by-products of chance in spreading a signal within the neuronal network, and that their functional relevance was somewhat linked with the phenomenon of activity synchronization.

• MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG * MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• implantované elektrody MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• korová synchronizace MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• mozková kůra patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervová síť patofyziologie   MeSH
• periodicita MeSH
• světelná stimulace MeSH
• teorie detekce signálu * MeSH
• zraková percepce MeSH
• zrakové dráhy patofyziologie   MeSH
• zrakové evokované potenciály MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The cortical post-movement beta synchronization (PMBS) following brisk extension-flexion and flexion-extension movements of the right index finger was analyzed in twelve right-handed subjects using electroencephalographic recordings. The amplitude of PMBS over the contralateral sensorimotor area was enhanced and the focus of PMBS was widespread when finger flexion was the last movement. The results suggest that finger extension and flexion movements induce unequal beta synchronization over the contralateral M1 area possibly due to different complexity of the neuronal networks controlling these movements.

• MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• motorické korové centrum anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• prsty ruky fyziologie   MeSH
• svaly fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The effects of 10 min forced alternate nostril breathing (FANB) on EEG topography were studied in 18 trained subjects. One type of FANB consisted in left nostril inspiration and right nostril expiration and the other type in right nostril inspiration and left nostril expiration. Mean power in the beta bands and partially in the alpha band increased during FANB irrespective of the type of nostril breathing. In addition, hemisphere asymmetry in the beta 1 band decreased in the second half of FANB suggesting that FANB has a balancing effect on the functional activity of the left and right hemisphere.

• MeSH
• alfa rytmus EEG MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• funkční lateralita fyziologie   MeSH
• jóga MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanika dýchání fyziologie   MeSH
• nosní dutina fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH

• MeSH
• alfa rytmus EEG MeSH
• arousal * MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pozornost MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon * MeSH
• vnímání pohybu * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH