The present study enumerates 65 species of Papilionoidea from the Ladakh Himalaya with the geographical locations and adult flight data. All the species are documented by museum vouchers. Most of the species recorded, have restricted distribution or they are endemic to the Pamir-NW Himalaya region. Sixteen species are protected in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; three species highly protected under schedule I: Baltia butleri, Pieris krueperi, Lasiommata menava; and others under schedule II: Papilio machaon, Parnassius charltonius, Parnassius epaphus, Colias ladakensis, Colias eogene, Colias stoliczkana, Pieris deota, Pontia chloridice, Alpherakya devanica, Pamiria metallica, Paralasa mani, Paralasa kalinda and Polygonia c-album. We report lower occurrences for the endemic Pieris deota, where the migrant Pontia chloridice is reported to fly at more than 600 m higher than earlier records indicated. Lastly, the male and female genitalia of some endemic and rare species are illustrated, including Euchloe daphalis.
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- Lepidoptera * MeSH
- motýli * MeSH
- muzea MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Taxonomic issues within Trypanorhyncha, e.g., the inaccurate light microscopic visualisation of the hook patterns, are solvable by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We applied CLSM imaging to study Trygonicola macropora (Shipley et Hornell, 1906) and Dollfusiella michiae (Southwell, 1929) from Neotrygon caeruliopunctata Last, White et Séret from Bali, Indonesia. To illustrate the strength and limitations of CLSM, images of Otobothrium cysticum (Mayer, 1842) and Symbothriorhynchus tigaminacantha Palm, 2004, both permanent mounts from a collection, were also processed. The CLSM created image stacks of many layers, and edited with IMARIS Software, these layers resulted in three-dimensional images of the armature patterns and internal organs of both species. BABB (benzylalcohol and benzylbenzuolate) clearing was applied to T. macropora. We conclude that trypanorhynch cestodes stained with Mayer-Schuberg's acetic carmine permanently mounted in Canada balsam are suitable for CLSM, allowing detailed analyses of museum type-material as well as freshly collected and processed worms. BABB resulted in imaging the testes in detail, suggesting other stains to be used for CLSM in trypanorhynch cestode research. Application of CLSM for studies of other cestode groups is highly recommended.
- Klíčová slova
- Dollfusiella michiae, Indonesia, Mayer-Schuberg's acetic carmine, Neotrygon caeruleopunctata, Otobothrium cysticum, Symbothriorhynchus tigaminacantha, Trygonicola macropora, benzyl alcohol/benzyl benzoate (BABB) clearing, fish parasites, taxonomy,
- MeSH
- Cestoda * MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie * MeSH
- muzea MeSH
- ploštěnci * MeSH
- rejnokovití * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The first annotated checklist of Mecoptera of Ukraine is presented. Altogether, 11 species of scorpionflies are known with a confirmed or probable occurrence in Ukraine. This list is based on previously published data, as well as on recently collected materials and specimens housed in the collection of the State Museum of Natural History NAS Ukraine, Lviv. This collection belongs to the oldest one in Ukraine and comprises specimens collected by Jzef Dzidzielewicz, the founder of mecopteran investigations in Eastern Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries. For each listed species, its distribution in Ukraine is given together with notes on the history of investigations, and synonymies of the respective taxa. Detailed information on the distribution of selected species from the Red Book of Ukraine is presented.
- MeSH
- hmyz s proměnou dokonalou * MeSH
- muzea MeSH
- přírodopis MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Ukrajina MeSH
Based on a critical analysis of scientific publications for the last 200 years and on the collected specimens, a complete annotated list of both typical freshwater ichthyofauna of Sakhalin Island, with the inclusion of marine species that can be found in brackish coastal waters, is reported for the first time. The annotated list includes 226 species classified in three classes, 26 orders, 68 families, 29 subfamilies, and 148 genera. For 160 species, information is provided on collection samples deposited in various museums around the world, 36 of which are type specimens. For each species, conservation status (according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the Red Book of the Sakhalin region), zoogeographic characteristics (distribution within Sakhalin Island and globally), abundance and commercial value are given. For a number of species, more detailed information on synonymy and nomenclature is provided. The study area is located in the western North Pacific and includes the entire coast of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk and the northern Sea of Japan, as well as the adjacent Sea of Okhotsk coast of northern Hokkaido, Japan.
To avoid confusions related to the resurrection of AdenocephalusNybelin, 1931 (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), the type material of the Pacific broad tapeworm, Adenocephalus pacificusNybelin, 1931, which also infects humans, is morphologically characterized. Transverse protuberances on the ventral side of proglottids anterior to gonopores, which are a diagnostic feature of the genus, are illustrated for the first time. The present study supports the importance of a study of type material even in the 'molecular era' of taxonomy, where the value of morphology is often underestimated. It also points out the need for specimen deposition in publicly accessible collections.
- Klíčová slova
- Marine mammals, Morphology, Otariidae, Pacific broad tapeworm, Taxonomy, Type-material,
- MeSH
- Cestoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- muzea MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The status of Amauropus lobipes Reitter, 1918 and Protamaurops bicarinata (Reitter, 1918) is confirmed based on the holotypes housed at the Moravian Museum in Brno, Czech Republic. Both species are redescribed, photographed, and the aedeagus of Amauropus lobipes is illustrated. A checklist of Amauropini species in the Moravian Museum is given.
- MeSH
- brouci * MeSH
- muzea MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at investigating the possible existence of isotopic offsets in δ13Ccol and δ15Ncol values in relation to tertiary syphilis. MATERIAL: Based on materials from the 19th c. A.D. deriving from the pathological-anatomical reference collection (the Jedlička collection) of the National Museum in Prague (Czech Republic), a comparative approach of ten individuals with syphilis and nine without the disease was undertaken. METHODS: Bone powder samples were defatted according to the protocol of Liden et al. (1995). Bone collagen was extracted following the protocol of Bocherens et al. (1991). RESULTS: Our results show that individuals with syphilis have lower δ13Ccol values than individuals without the disease; the observed difference between the two groups is about 0.3-0.4‰, which is relatively small but still meaningful. However, no difference between δ15Ncol values of the two groups has been noticed. CONCLUSIONS: Either diets prescribed by physicians to syphilitic patients or nutritional stress caused by cyclic appetite disturbance due to the disease itself or the administered medical treatment appeared to be possible explanations of the observed isotopic pattern. Overall, the response of the two isotopic proxies could argue for relatively limited nutritional restrictions. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study examining bone collagen isotopic response to syphilis based on clinically documented human skeletal materials. LIMITATIONS: The sample sizes are relatively small and cautiousness must be taken regarding the interpretations of the data. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Compound-specific stable isotope investigations and analysis of mercury content could be helpful to better understand the observed isotopic effects.
- Klíčová slova
- Diet, Nutritional stress, Pathology, Stable isotope analysis, Treponemal infection,
- MeSH
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- izotopy dusíku analýza MeSH
- izotopy uhlíku analýza MeSH
- kolagen analýza MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň chemie patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- muzea MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- syfilis dějiny patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- izotopy dusíku MeSH
- izotopy uhlíku MeSH
- kolagen MeSH
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used to preserve the integrity of historical buildings or to protect collections of artefacts at potentially large volumes and often without detailed application records. Previous research has focused on the efficiency of remediation at contaminated sites (where identified), as well as improvement of preservation techniques and workplace health and safety. Few studies have assessed the human health risks from occupational exposure to OCPs in buildings of cultural and historical importance. Thus, potential risks may remain unidentified. In the present study, OCPs in indoor air were measured in a baroque theatre and a natural history museum in the Czech Republic, both of which had suspected past indoor application. In the theatre attic p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) levels in air were up to 190ngm-3, confirming past indoor use of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT). There was also evidence of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) use in the theatre (max γ-HCH in air of 56ngm-3). Yet, the cancer risk (CR) from occupational exposure via inhalation (Expi) to OCPs in the theatre was low (CR<4.0×10-6). γ-HCH was found at elevated levels in air of the museum (max γ-HCH in air of 15,000ngm-3). CR from Expi in the museum was moderate to high (>1×10-4). Our results show the CR through Expi to OCPs in buildings, such as museums can still be significant enough to warrant mitigation measures, e.g., remediation.
- Klíčová slova
- Human health (cancer) risk, Inhalation exposure, Organochlorine pesticide, Remediation,
- MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- inhalační expozice analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- muzea MeSH
- nádory epidemiologie MeSH
- pesticidy analýza MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chlorované uhlovodíky MeSH
- pesticidy MeSH
The complete genome sequences of two strains of variola virus (VARV) sampled from human smallpox specimens present in the Czech National Museum, Prague, were recently determined, with one of the sequences estimated to date to the mid-19th century. Using molecular clock methods, the authors of this study go on to infer that the currently available strains of VARV share an older common ancestor, at around 1350 AD, than some recent estimates based on other archival human samples. Herein, we show that the two Czech strains exhibit anomalous branch lengths given their proposed age, and by assuming a constant rate of evolutionary change across the rest of the VARV phylogeny estimate that their true age in fact lies between 1918 and 1937. We therefore suggest that the age of the common ancestor of currently available VARV genomes most likely dates to late 16th and early 17th centuries and not ~1350 AD.
- Klíčová slova
- ancient DNA, evolution, molecular clock, phylogeny, smallpox, variola virus,
- MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- muzea MeSH
- pravé neštovice * MeSH
- virus varioly genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- komentáře MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Although smallpox has been known for centuries, the oldest available variola virus strains were isolated in the early 1940s. At that time, large regions of the world were already smallpox-free. Therefore, genetic information of these strains can represent only the very last fraction of a long evolutionary process. Based on the genomes of 48 strains, two clades are differentiated: Clade 1 includes variants of variola major, and clade 2 includes West African and variola minor (Alastrim) strains. Recently, the genome of an almost 400-year-old Lithuanian mummy was determined, which fell basal to all currently sequenced strains of variola virus on phylogenetic trees. Here, we determined two complete variola virus genomes from human tissues kept in a museum in Prague dating back 60 and 160 years, respectively. Moreover, mass spectrometry-based proteomic, chemical, and microscopic examinations were performed. The 60-year-old specimen was most likely an importation from India, a country with endemic smallpox at that time. The genome of the 160-year-old specimen is related to clade 2 West African and variola minor strains. This sequence likely represents a new endemic European variant of variola virus circulating in the midst of the 19th century in Europe.
- Klíčová slova
- evolution, historic specimen, next generation sequencing, phylogeny, smallpox, variola virus,
- MeSH
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- DNA virů genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom virový * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- muzea * MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- pravé neštovice epidemiologie dějiny virologie MeSH
- proteomika MeSH
- virus varioly klasifikace genetika MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- Indie epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA virů MeSH
