• MeSH
• hlad * MeSH
• monocyty * MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• komentáře MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• craving * MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita * MeSH
• preference v jídle MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• komentáře MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH

Understanding when it is acceptable to interrupt a joint activity is an important part of understanding what cooperation entails. Philosophical analyses have suggested that we should release our partner from a joint activity anytime the activity conflicts with fulfilling a moral obligation. To probe young children's understanding of this aspect, we investigated whether 3-year-old children (N = 60) are sensitive to the legitimacy of motives (selfish condition vs. moral condition) leading agents to intentionally interrupt their joint activity. We measured whether children protested or released their partner by scoring their reactions. Our results indicate that children did not manifest different reactions when the motive behind their partner leaving was moral than when the motive was selfish. However, our data showed a stable pattern: regardless of the partner's motives, some 3-year-olds take initiatives to release their partners from joint activity, suggesting that measuring release is a valuable tool for investigating joint action.

• MeSH
• morální závazky MeSH
• motivace * MeSH
• mravy * MeSH
• pud MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Obesity is well-appreciated to result in poor cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. Dietary and medical weight loss strategies are frequently unsuccessful and unsustainable. Bariatric surgery is quite effective, but is reserved for the most obese patients because of the associated intraoperative/post-operative risks. In preclinical and early clinical case series, a novel therapy, transcatheter bariatric embolotherapy (TBE) of the left gastric artery, has been reported to promote weight loss by reducing ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted from the gastric fundus. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine TBE in a single-blind, sham procedure randomized trial. METHODS: Obese subjects (body mass index 35 to 55 kg/m2) were randomized 1:1 to either sham or TBE targeting the left gastric artery using an occlusion balloon microcatheter to administer 300- to 500-μm embolic beads. All patients entered a lifestyle counseling program. Patients and physicians performing follow-up were blind to the allocated therapy. Endoscopy was performed at baseline and 1-week post-procedure. The primary endpoint was 6-month total body weight loss (TBWL). RESULTS: Eligible subjects (n = 44; age 45.5 ± 9.4 years; 8 men/36 women; body mass index 39.6 ± 3.8 kg/m2) were randomized to undergo the sham or TBE procedure with no device-related complications and 1 vascular complication. Patients reported mild nausea and vomiting, and endoscopy revealed only minor self-limiting ulcers in 5 patients. At 6 months, in both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations, the TBWL was greater with TBE (7.4 kg/6.4% and 9.4 kg/8.3% loss, respectively) than sham (3.0 kg/2.8% and 1.9 kg/1.8%, respectively; p = 0.034/0.052 and p = 0.0002/0.0011, respectively). The TBWL was maintained with TBE at 12 months (intention-to-treat 7.8 kg/6.5% loss, per-protocol 9.3 kg/9.3% loss; p = 0.0011/0.0008, p = 0.0005/0.0005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized pilot trial, we have established the proof-of-principle that transcatheter bariatric embolotherapy of the left gastric artery is well-tolerated and promotes clinically significant weight loss over a sham procedure.(The Lowering Weight in Severe Obesity by Embolization of the Gastric Artery Trial [LOSEIT]; NCT03185949).

• Klíčová slova
• bariatric embolization, embolotherapy, ghrelin, left gastric artery, obesity, weight loss,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gastrická arterie MeSH
• ghrelin krev   MeSH
• hlad MeSH
• hypertenze etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita krev   komplikace   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• odpověď na uspokojení MeSH
• terapeutická embolizace škodlivé účinky   metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ghrelin MeSH

One of the debates about media usage is the potential harmful effect that it has on body image and related eating disturbances because of its representations of the "ideal body". This study focuses on the drive for thinness among the visitors of various health-oriented websites and online platforms because neither has yet been sufficiently studied in this context. Specifically, this study aims to bring more insight to the risk factors which can increase the drive for thinness in the users of these websites. We tested the presumption that web content internalization is a key factor in this process, and we considered the effects of selected individual factors, specifically the perceived online social support and neuroticism. We utilized survey data from 445 Czech women (aged 18-29, M = 23.5, SD = 3.1) who visited nutrition, weight loss, and exercise websites. The results showed a positive indirect link between both perceived online social support and neuroticism to the drive for thinness via web content internalization. The results are discussed with regard to the dual role of online support as both risk and protective factor. Moreover, we consider the practical implications for eating behavior and weight-related problems with regard to prevention and intervention.

• Klíčová slova
• drive for thinness, health-oriented websites, neuroticism, online social support, web content internalization,
• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hubenost * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neuroticismus * MeSH
• poruchy příjmu potravy * MeSH
• představa o vlastním těle * MeSH
• pud * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Changes in the volume and composition of body fluids are among the essential and limiting parameters both in health and illness. These parameters gain in importance with increasing age. Within the concept of a geriatric patient, disturbances in water and mineral metabolism are the cause of circulatory collapse, stroke, and further instability, falls and delirium. The body can, in the broad range of balance within internal environment, compensate for variations, however always for a limited length of time only, and this compensation ability decreases in particular in older age. Maintaining of water and mineral balance in the elderly is also complicated by polymorbidity. Frequent occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and decline in renal functions later in life results in reduced compensation abilities, which status must be rigorously considered. Besides polymorbidity, also polypragmasia in pharmacotherapy is very frequently encountered in relation to age-related disorders of water and electrolyte handling. Treatment with sedatives also suppresses the feeling of thirst, which results in rapid development of disturbances in water and mineral balance even after small insults, such as feverish illnesses and minor injuries. The knowledge of differences in diagnosing and treatment of water and ion imbalances in later life is becoming increasingly important, espe-cially with regard to the increasing share of older people in society. Key words: ageing - dehydration - electrolyte metabolism - mineral disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• ageing - dehydration - electrolyte metabolism - mineral disorders,
• MeSH
• dehydratace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vodní a elektrolytová nerovnováha * MeSH
• vodní a elektrolytová rovnováha * MeSH
• žízeň MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

People with obesity often struggle to maintain their weight loss after a weight loss period. Furthermore, the effect of weight loss on appetite and food preferences remains unclear. Hence this study investigated the effect of weight loss on subjective appetite and food preferences in healthy, overweight and obese volunteers. A subgroup of adult participants (n = 123) from the Diet Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) study (subgroup A) was recruited from across six European countries. Participants lost ≥8% of initial body weight during an 8-week low calorie diet (LCD). Subjective appetite and food preferences were measured before and after the LCD, in response to a standardized meal test, using visual analogue rating scales (VAS) and the Leeds Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). After the LCD, participants reported increased fullness (p < 0.05), decreased desire to eat (p < 0.05) and decreased prospective consumption (p < 0.05) after consuming the test meal. An interaction effect (visit x time) was found for hunger ratings (p < 0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) for hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption was decreased by 18.1%, 20.2% and 21.1% respectively whereas AUC for fullness increased by 13.9%. Preference for low-energy products measured by the Food Preference Checklist (FPC) decreased by 1.9% before the test meal and by 13.5% after the test meal (p < 0.05). High-carbohydrate and high-fat preference decreased by 11.4% and 16.2% before the test meal and by 17.4% and 22.7% after the meal (p < 0.05). No other effects were observed. These results suggest that LCD induced weight loss decreases the appetite perceptions of overweight volunteers whilst decreasing their preference for high-fat-, high-carbohydrate-, and low-energy products.

• Klíčová slova
• Body weight maintenance, Hunger, LCD, Leeds food choice questionnaire, Visual analogue scale, Weight loss,
• MeSH
• chuť k jídlu * MeSH
• dietní sacharidy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• hlad MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• jídla MeSH
• kalorická restrikce * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha MeSH
• obezita * dietoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• preference v jídle * MeSH
• přijímání potravy MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• redukční dieta * MeSH
• udržení hmotnosti MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dietní sacharidy MeSH
• dietní tuky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Appetite and gastrointestinal hormones (GIHs) participate in energy homeostasis, feeding behavior and regulation of body weight. We demonstrated previously the superior effect of a hypocaloric diet regimen with lower meal frequency (B2) on body weight, hepatic fat content, insulin sensitivity and feelings of hunger compared to the same diet divided into six smaller meals a day (A6). Studies with isoenergetic diet regimens indicate that lower meal frequency should also have an effect on fasting and postprandial responses of GIHs. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the effect of two hypocaloric diet regimens on fasting levels of appetite and GIHs and on their postprandial responses after a standard meal. It was hypothesized that lower meal frequency in a reduced-energy regimen leading to greater body weight reduction and reduced hunger would be associated with decreased plasma concentrations of GIHs: gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), peptide YY(PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and leptin and increased plasma concentration of ghrelin. The postprandial response of satiety hormones (GLP-1, PYY and PP) and postprandial suppression of ghrelin will be improved. METHODS: In a randomized crossover study, 54 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) underwent both regimens. The concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, PP, PYY, amylin, leptin and ghrelin were determined using multiplex immunoanalyses. RESULTS: Fasting leptin and GIP decreased in response to both regimens with no difference between the treatments (p = 0.37 and p = 0.83, respectively). Fasting ghrelin decreased in A6 and increased in B2 (with difference between regimens p = 0.023). Fasting PP increased in B2with no significant difference between regimens (p = 0.17). Neither GLP-1 nor PYY did change in either regimen. The decrease in body weight correlated negatively with changes in fasting ghrelin (r = -0.4, p<0.043) and the postprandial reduction of ghrelin correlated positively with its fasting level (r = 0.9, p<0.001). The postprandial responses of GIHs and appetite hormones were similar after both diet regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Both hypocaloric diet regimens reduced fasting leptin and GIP and postprandial response of GIP comparably. The postprandial responses of GIHs and appetite hormones were similar after both diet regimens. Eating only breakfast and lunch increased fasting plasma ghrelin more than the same caloric restriction split into six meals. The changes in fasting ghrelin correlated negatively with the decrease in body weight. These results suggest that for type 2 diabetic patients on a hypocaloric diet, eating larger breakfast and lunch may be more efficient than six smaller meals during the day.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu dietoterapie   patologie   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ghrelin krev   MeSH
• glukagonu podobný peptid 1 krev   MeSH
• hlad fyziologie   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• jídla * fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• kalorická restrikce metody   MeSH
• klinické křížové studie MeSH
• leptin krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pankreatický polypeptid krev   MeSH
• peptid YY krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• žaludeční inhibiční polypeptid krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ghrelin MeSH
• glukagonu podobný peptid 1 MeSH
• leptin MeSH
• pankreatický polypeptid MeSH
• peptid YY MeSH
• žaludeční inhibiční polypeptid MeSH

Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that calcium intake is inversely related to weight gain. Calcium of dairy origin has been shown to be more effective in promoting weight loss. However, clinical studies yielded controversial results concerning the role of calcium intake in weight change. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the addition of calcium can affect the outcome of 3-week weight management (WM) with a hypocaloric diet characterized by a decreased calcium intake. Overweight/ obese women (n=67; BMI 32.2+/-4.1 kg/m(2); age 49.1+/-12.1 years) underwent a 4-week comprehensive WM program. WM included a 7 MJ/day diet resulting in a stable weight during the first week and a 4.5 MJ/day diet with mean daily calcium intake 350 mg during the second to fourth week. Participants were divided into three age- and BMI-matched groups who received placebo or calcium (500 mg/day). Calcium was administered either as carbonate or calcium of dairy origin (Lactoval). There was no significant difference in weight loss in response to WM between the placebo-treated and calcium-treated groups. However, addition of calcium to the diet resulted in a lower hunger score in the Eating Inventory as well as a decrease in plasma resistin levels. Body composition measured by bioimpedance demonstrated that added calcium leads to preservation of fat-free mass. Nevertheless, a greater loss of fat-free mass in the placebo group might be partly due to a greater loss of water.

• MeSH
• analýza párové shody MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hlad účinky léků   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• obezita farmakoterapie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• redukční dieta MeSH
• vápník dietní aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vápník dietní MeSH

Neuromedin beta (NMB) is a member of the bombesin-like peptide family expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenals and adipose tissue. The aim of our study was to compare the frequency of P73T polymorphism in overweight and obese patients (37 men: age 50.6+/-11.7 years, BMI 41.1+/-7.8 kg/m(2); 255 women: age 49.0+/-11.9 years, BMI 37.9+/-6.8 kg/m(2)) with that of healthy normal weight subjects (51 men: age 28.2+/-7.1 years, BMI 22.3+/-2.0 kg/m(2); 104 women: age 29.1+/-9.1 years, BMI 21.5+/-1.9 kg/m(2)) and to investigate the polymorphism's influence on anthropometric, nutritional and psychobehavioral parameters in overweight/obese patients both at the baseline examination and at a control visit carried out 2.5 years later, regardless of the patient s compliance with the weight reduction program. No significant differences in the genotype distribution were demonstrated between normal weight and overweight/obese subjects. Male T allele non-carriers compared to T allele carriers had higher energy (p=0.009), protein (p=0.018) and fat (p=0.002) intakes and hunger score (p=0.015) at the beginning of treatment. Male T allele non-carriers had a more favorable response to weight management at the follow-up, as they exhibited a significant reduction in waist circumference, energy intake and depression score as well as a significant increase in dietary restraint. No significant differences between carriers and non-carriers were demonstrated in women at the baseline examination. Both female T allele carriers and non-carriers demonstrated similar significant changes in nutritional parameters and in restraint score at the follow-up. Nevertheless, only female non-carriers showed a significant decrease in the hunger score.

• MeSH
• adherence pacienta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• energetický příjem genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• hlad fyziologie   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha genetika   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• neurokinin B analogy a deriváty   genetika   MeSH
• obezita genetika   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• neurokinin B MeSH
• neuromedin B MeSH Prohlížeč