Cats are important hosts for different zoonotic parasites that can be hazardous to human health. To date, few studies have attempted to identify the factors affecting parasitic infections in shelter animals. This study aims to analyse the presence of endoparasites in shelter cats in Tartu, Estonia, and identify factors affecting endoparasite prevalence and intensity. The risk factors considered were age, location (urban vs rural cats) and time spent in shelter. In total, 290 faecal samples were collected from cats at an animal shelter in 2015-2016 and investigated for endoparasites using the concentration flotation technique. In total, 138 shelter cats (47.6%) were infected with endoparasites and their overall prevalence was: Toxocara cati (36.6%), Cystoisospora spp. (12.4%), Taeniidae gen. sp. (4.1%), Toxoplasma gondii/Hammondia hammondi (3.4%), Eucoleus aerophilus (2.1%), Cryptosporidium spp. (2.1%), Ancylostoma sp. (0.7%) and Giardia sp. (0.7%). Coinfections occurred in 38 cats (13.1%) most frequently of T. cati and Cystoisospora spp. (4.5%), Cystoisospora spp. and T. gondii/H. hammondi (2.1%). Where species identification of cestode and nematode samples was not possible according to morphology, genetic analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene was carried out. DNA was successfully analysed for 6 out of 13 samples that required genetic identification, revealing Ancylostoma tubaeforme in one nematode sample and Hydatigera taeniaeformis in five cestode samples. Cats from rural areas had significantly higher endoparasite prevalence than cats from urban areas. Helminth prevalence decreased to some extent due to anthelmintic treatment in cats available for adoption (held ≥15 days in the shelter), whereas the prevalence of infection with protists increased significantly in these animals. It is important to note that the analysis revealed lower infection intensity for quarantine cats (held 1-14 days in the shelter) compared with cats available for adoption. The relatively high prevalence of endoparasites (including zoonotic) in shelter cats ready for adoption suggests that current anthelminthic procedures require improvements.

• Klíčová slova
• Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Toxocara cati, rural cats, shelter cats, shelter management, urban cats,
• MeSH
• Ancylostoma izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Cestoda izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cizopasní červi MeSH
• Coccidia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Cryptosporidium izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• geny helmintů MeSH
• Giardia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• giardiáza MeSH
• hlístice izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kočky parazitologie   MeSH
• paraziti * klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Toxoplasma izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zoonózy parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Estonsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• respirační komplex IV MeSH

BACKGROUND: Larval toxocarosis (LT), a zoonotic disease transmitted by dogs, cats, and other carnivores, is caused by roundworms of the genus Toxocara. Humans become infected by ingesting embryonated eggs of this parasite. In this study, we present data on the seroprevalence of LT in the Czech Republic collected by the National Reference Laboratory for Tissue Helminthoses in 2012-2016. METHODS: Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a total of 4428 adults and children with or without clinical symptoms were examined for the presence of IgG antibodies against Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens. RESULTS: Of all the persons examined, specific Toxocara antibodies were detected in 160 (3.6%) individuals. There were, however, significant differences between various regions, with seropositivity rates ranging from 1.4 to 7.5%. CONCLUSION: In comparison to studies from 1998 and 2004, our results suggest a decrease in overall Toxocara seroprevalence in the Czech population, whereby the rates are similar to or even lower than rates in some other Central European countries.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic, Seroprevalence, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxocarosis, Zoonosis,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• larva MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• protilátky helmintové krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• toxokaróza krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• zoonózy epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• protilátky helmintové MeSH

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and precision of McMaster method with Raynaud's modification in the detection of the eggs of the nematodes Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) and Trichuris ovis (Abildgaard, 1795) in faeces of dogs. Four variants of McMaster method were used for counting: in one grid, two grids, the whole McMaster chamber and flotation in the tube. One hundred sixty samples were prepared from dog faeces (20 repetitions for each egg quantity) containing 15, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 eggs of T. canis and T. ovis in 1 g of faeces. To compare the influence of kind of faeces on the results, samples of dog faeces were enriched at the same levels with the eggs of another nematode, Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782. In addition, 160 samples of pig faeces were prepared and enriched only with A. suum eggs in the same way. The highest limit of detection (the lowest level of eggs that were detected in at least 50% of repetitions) in all McMaster chamber variants were obtained for T. canis eggs (25-250 eggs/g faeces). In the variant with flotation in the tube, the highest limit of detection was obtained for T. ovis eggs (100 eggs/g). The best results of the limit of detection, sensitivity and the lowest coefficients of variation were obtained with the use of the whole McMaster chamber variant. There was no significant impact of properties of faeces on the obtained results. Multiplication factors for the whole chamber were calculated on the basis of the transformed equation of the regression line, illustrating the relationship between the number of detected eggs and that of the eggs added to the'sample. Multiplication factors calculated for T. canis and T. ovis eggs were higher than those expected using McMaster method with Raynaud modification.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci psů diagnóza   parazitologie   MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček metody   veterinární   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• psi MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Trichuris izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Contamination of soil with feline and canine ascarid eggs in public parks, backyards and sand pits in Prague, Czech Republic was investigated in this work. Soil samples from shelters and rural areas were also collected. The comparison of soil from different areas (urban, rural, backyards and shelters) exhibited significant difference (chi(2)=32.16, d.f.=3 and p<0.0001). The highest rate of contamination (45%) was found in backyards inhabited by feral cats. The eggs of Toxocara spp. were found in 20.4% of parks, 10% of shelters and 5% of rural samples. Mean egg density per sample from Prague parks was 6.2 eggs/100g of soil. In 126 composite samples from children's and pits, the prevalence of Toxocara eggs was 11.90%. The number of eggs in positive samples varied from 2 to 22 (per 100g). A high proportion (46.9%) of eggs was fully embryonated. There was no difference between the sand pits with or without formal exclusion of dogs (chi(2)=0.6, d.f.=1 and p<0.0001).

• MeSH
• epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček veterinární   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• psi MeSH
• půda parazitologie   MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• toxokaróza epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• veřejná zařízení * MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví * MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• zdraví venkovských oblastí MeSH
• zoonózy * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• půda MeSH

Developmental stages of 8 species of parasitic helminths were found during examination of sludge from 3 sewage treatment plants in Central Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. The eggs were comprised from Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp., Toxascaris leonina, Parascaris equorum, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris sp., Capillaria sp. and Hymenolepis spp. The quantity of these organisms in 100 g of dried sludge ranged between 24-105 eggs of Ascaris sp., 12-47 eggs of Toxocara sp., 0-8 eggs of Toxascaris leonina, 0-1 egg of Parascaris equorum, 2-33 eggs of Trichuris sp., 0-12 eggs of Capillaria sp., 0-46 eggs of Enterobius vermicularis and 0-49 eggs of Hymenolepis spp. Some eggs of Hymenolepis spp. and Enterobius vermicularis were structurally damaged, while some eggs of Ascaris sp. and Enterobius vermicularis contained developed larvae.

• MeSH
• Ascaris izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Capillaria izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cizopasní červi izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Enterobius izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Hymenolepis izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• odpadní vody * MeSH
• ovum MeSH
• Toxascaris izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Trichuris izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• odpadní vody * MeSH

Two hundred sand samples from 50 children's sandboxes and 500 samples of dog faeces collected in 10 Prague housing developments were examined for the presence of parasites. Eggs of three helminth species were found in 28% of sandboxes and eggs and oocysts of 10 species of parasites were found in 10.4% of dog faeces. Toxocara canis occurred in 9 sandboxes and 3.2% of dog faeces, T. cati in 0.2% of dog faeces. The results from housing developments are compared with those from older estates.

• MeSH
• bydlení MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• hlístice izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hra a hračky * MeSH
• ovum MeSH
• psi parazitologie   MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• Strongyloides izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Toxascaris izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi parazitologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Názvy látek
• půda * MeSH

Eggs and oocysts of 11 species of parasites were recorded in 21 of 50 sand boxes (200 samples) and in 66 (13.2%) of 500 dog faeces samples from parks and grassy areas in Prague. Toxocara canis was found in 12 sand boxes and in 4.2% of faeces samples and T. cati in one sand box and one sample of dog faeces.

• MeSH
• cizopasní červi izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• hra a hračky * MeSH
• Isospora izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• psi parazitologie   MeSH
• rekreace MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

• MeSH
• hra a hračky * MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček * MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• Cestoda izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• nemoci koček epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci psů epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• Taenia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• trávicí systém parazitologie   MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

• MeSH
• askarióza * MeSH
• chorioretinitida diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• fluoresceinová angiografie * MeSH
• granulom diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory choroidey diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH