Artificial neural network based modeling is a generic approach to understand and correlate different complex parameters of biological systems for improving the desired output. In addition, some new inferences can also be predicted in a shorter time with less cost and labor. As terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Vinca minor is very less investigated or elucidated, a strategy of elicitation with hydroxylase and acetyltransferase along with incorporation of various precursors from primary shikimate and secoiridoid pools via simultaneous employment of cyclooxygenase inhibitor was performed in the hairy roots of V. minor. This led to the increment in biomass accumulation, total alkaloid concentration, and vincamine production in selected treatments. The resultant experimental values were correlated with algorithm approaches of artificial neural network that assisted in finding the yield of vincamine, alkaloids, and growth kinetics using number of elicits. The inputs were the hydroxylase/acetyltransferase elicitors and cyclooxygenase inhibitor along with various precursors from shikimate and secoiridoid pools and the outputs were growth index (GI), alkaloids, and vincamine. The approach incorporates two MATLAB codes; GRNN and FFBPNN. Growth kinetic studies revealed that shikimate and tryptophan supplementation triggers biomass accumulation (GI = 440.2 to 540.5); while maximum alkaloid (3.7 % dry wt.) and vincamine production (0.017 ± 0.001 % dry wt.) was obtained on supplementation of secologanin along with tryptophan, naproxen, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic anhydride. The study shows that experimental and predicted values strongly correlate each other. The correlation coefficient for growth index (GI), alkaloids, and vincamine was found to be 0.9997, 0.9980, 0.9511 in GRNN and 0.9725, 0.9444, 0.9422 in FFBPNN, respectively. GRNN provided greater similarity between the target and predicted dataset in comparison to FFBPNN. The findings can provide future insights to calculate growth index, alkaloids, and vincamine in combination to different elicits.
- Klíčová slova
- Artificial neural network, Generalized regression neural network, MATLAB, Vinca minor,
- MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- neuronové sítě * MeSH
- Vinca metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy MeSH
- MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza MeSH
- Bacteria genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biosyntéza peptidů nezávislá na nukleových kyselinách MeSH
- databáze genetické MeSH
- genetické markery MeSH
- houby genetika metabolismus MeSH
- metagenom MeSH
- mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
- multigenová rodina * MeSH
- peptidy metabolismus MeSH
- polyketidy metabolismus MeSH
- polysacharidy biosyntéza MeSH
- proteosyntéza * MeSH
- rostliny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- terpeny metabolismus MeSH
- výpočetní biologie normy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy MeSH
- genetické markery MeSH
- peptidy MeSH
- polyketidy MeSH
- polysacharidy MeSH
- terpeny MeSH
This review paper summarizes the current knowledge of enzymes participating in the production of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This group of alkaloids comprises, e.g., morphine, codeine, thebaine, and sanginarine, which have an irreplaceable position in pharmaceutical practice. For the time being, chemists have not managed to prepare them synthetically with sufficient efficacy, and therefore the study of the enzymology of their formation remains a topical problem. The paper pays particular attention to the knowledge of individual enzymes on the molecular, or gene level. This very knowledge is essential for possible introduction of molecular-genetic approaches to the cultivation of plants producing therapeutically interesting benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza MeSH
- benzylisochinoliny metabolismus MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy MeSH
- benzylisochinoliny MeSH
Microorganisms produce low-molar-mass secondary metabolites exhibiting different biological activities, which are used. e.g., in medicine as antimicrobial and antifungal agents, alkaloids and toxins. Some of these substances have highly diverse biological activities and unusual structures. They are produced by streptomycetes, fungi, and bacilli, but interesting products have also been obtained from microorganisms growing in extreme conditions. Several thousands of microbial products have so far been discovered and many other, which can be potentially useful and/or prospective for human use, can still be in the offing.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza chemie MeSH
- antifungální látky chemie metabolismus MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie metabolismus MeSH
- antiprotozoální látky chemie metabolismus MeSH
- antivirové látky chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Bacteria metabolismus MeSH
- biologické toxiny biosyntéza chemie MeSH
- herbicidy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- houby metabolismus MeSH
- imunosupresiva metabolismus MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů chemie metabolismus MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- protinádorové látky chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy MeSH
- antifungální látky MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- antiprotozoální látky MeSH
- antivirové látky MeSH
- biologické toxiny MeSH
- herbicidy MeSH
- imunosupresiva MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů MeSH
- protinádorové látky MeSH
We studied genetic variability of 100 isolates of Claviceps purpurea by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), an EcoRI restriction site polymorphism in the 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the alkaloids produced, and conidial morphology. We identified three groups: (i) group G1 from fields and open meadows (57 isolates), (ii) group G2 from shady or wet habitats (41 isolates), and (iii) group G3 from Spartina anglica from salt marshes (2 isolates). The sclerotia of G1 isolates contained ergotamines and ergotoxines; G2 isolates produced ergosine and ergocristine along with small amounts of ergocryptine; and G3 isolates produced ergocristine and ergocryptine. The conidia of G1 isolates were 5 to 8 microm long, the conidia of G2 isolates were 7 to 10 microm long, and the conidia of G3 isolates were 10 to 12 microm long. Sclerotia of the G2 and G3 isolates floated on water. In the 5.8S rDNA analysis, an EcoRI site was found in G1 and G3 isolates but not in G2 isolates. The host preferences of the groups were not absolute, and there were host genera that were common to both G1 and G2; the presence of members of different groups in the same locality was rare. Without the use of RAPD or rDNA polymorphism, it was not possible to distinguish the three groups solely on the basis of phenotype, host, or habitat. In general, populations of C. purpurea are not host specialized, as previously assumed, but they are habitat specialized, and collecting strategies and toxin risk assessments should be changed to reflect this paradigm shift.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza MeSH
- Claviceps genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- DNA primery genetika MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fungální RNA genetika MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 5.8S genetika MeSH
- rostliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- fungální RNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 5.8S MeSH
The review paper deals with the contemporary theoretical knowledge about the role of Cu-aminooxidase in the biosynthesis of alkaloids in plants. In the biosynthesis of tropane and piperidine alkaloids, aminooxidase participates in the conversion of amines into aldehydes which are the first important intermediates in the biosynthesis of these alkaloids. Norkoklaurine, the precursor of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, is formed by condensation of dopamine and tyral. In the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of protoberberine and berberine type, tyral, the aldehyde condensation unit, is produced by the action of aminooxidase. In morphinan alkaloids, the catalytic role of aminooxidase in the formation of tyral have not been demonstrated yet. The paper pays special attention to the mechanism of the aminooxidase-catalyzed reaction, the structure of the active site of the enzyme, and the molecular-biological properties of Cu-aminooxidases.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza MeSH
- histaminasa metabolismus MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy MeSH
- histaminasa MeSH
- MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza klasifikace MeSH
- chemické jevy MeSH
- chemie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny klasifikace MeSH
- Papaver klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy MeSH
Simultaneous reduction in alkaloid yield and level of phosphatases by high concentrations of phosphate was observed in Claviceps sp. SD-58. Tryptophan-induced culture showed an increase in alkaloid yield and the level of phosphatases. Phosphate caused repression of both acid phosphatase (isoenzyme I) and alkaline phosphatase (isoenzymes III and V).
- MeSH
- alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza MeSH
- Claviceps metabolismus MeSH
- draslík farmakologie MeSH
- fosfáty farmakologie MeSH
- izoenzymy metabolismus MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- kyselá fosfatasa metabolismus MeSH
- sloučeniny draslíku * MeSH
- tryptofan farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkalická fosfatasa MeSH
- alkaloidy MeSH
- draslík MeSH
- fosfáty MeSH
- izoenzymy MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- kyselá fosfatasa MeSH
- potassium phosphate MeSH Prohlížeč
- sloučeniny draslíku * MeSH
- tryptofan MeSH
Claviceps paspali FA produced high concentrations of alkaloid under submerged conditions. Their production was found to depend on the developmental stage and treatment of the filamentous culture inoculum. A medium containing Bacto-peptone with a constant composition of amino acids was selected for the preparation of the inoculum. A two-week fermentation in a synthetic medium with mannitol at 24 +/- 1 degrees C resulted in an increased production of total alkaloids from the original value of 100-200 micrograms/mL to more than 2000 micrograms/mL. Addition of tryptophan did not further increase the production of alkaloids but resulted in changes of the spectrum of some metabolites, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid accompanied the alkaloids in the fermentation medium. alpha-Hydroxyethyllysergamide was the predominant component of extracellular alkaloids (80% in the first days of fermentation). During fermentation the level of this alkaloid continuously decreased while the concentration of the accompanying alkaloids, i.e. lysergamide and the corresponding minor isomers, increased.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza MeSH
- Claviceps růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- kyselina lysergová analogy a deriváty biosyntéza MeSH
- mannitol metabolismus MeSH
- tryptofan farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- kyselina lysergová MeSH
- mannitol MeSH
- tryptofan MeSH
- MeSH
- alkaloidy biosyntéza MeSH
- Claviceps metabolismus MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- oxid uhličitý metabolismus MeSH
- pentosafosfáty metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- oxid uhličitý MeSH
- pentosafosfáty MeSH
