OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and range of anal dilation during the final phase of the second stage of labor and shortly after delivery; determine whether parity affects anal dilation; and obtain anthropometric data for future projects. METHODS: The anal diameter was measured on admission, when the fetal head crowned, and after suturing perineal injury in 142 women delivered between August 2008 and May 2009 at University Hospital Pilsen and District Hospital Klatovy, in the Czech Republic. RESULTS: The anus was dilated during the second stage of labor in all women, and differences between primiparas and multiparas were not significant. The medians for both the anteroposterior and transverse diameters were 25 mm. No measured variable was statistically associated with anal sphincter dilation. CONCLUSION: Anal dilation during the second stage of labor causes anthropometric changes to the perineum. This ought to be considered when designing anthropometric studies and in studies aiming at minimizing anal sphincter trauma during delivery.

• MeSH
• anální kanál zranění   patologie   MeSH
• dilatace patologická patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• druhá doba porodní * MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• komplikace porodu epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• perineum zranění   MeSH
• porodnické kleště škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vedení porodu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The study was aimed at (1) the determination of the incidence of abnormalities of the urinary tract in newborn infants detected by postnatal ultrasound screening, and (2) the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of postnatal ultrasound screening for detecting surgical urinary tract abnormalities. The prospective study was of full-term neonates born in the University Hospital of Olomouc in 2005-2008 who underwent renal ultrasound screening after 72 h of life. Significant findings were recorded. Subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were recorded and evaluated in a group of children with detected renal pelvic dilatation (RPD). (1) A total of 6,088 newborn infants was examined. The absolute and relative RPD incidence rates (anteroposterior diameter, APD) were as follows: 5-7 mm, 146 (2.4%); 7-10 mm, 70 (1.15%); 10-15 mm, 13 (0.21%), and 15 mm or more, 5 (0.08%). Of those, 16 children were operated on for abnormalities of the urinary tract, of which nine (56%) had been detected by prenatal screening. Other findings: six cases of unilateral renal agenesis, four cases of multicystic renal dysplasia, four of renal dystopia, one of polycystic kidney disease and one of renal hypoplasia. (2) A group of 224 children with postnatally detected RPD was examined, of whom 40 (17.9%) underwent voiding cystourethrography and/or scintigraphy and 16 (7.1%) were treated surgically. The receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed, and the areas under the curves were calculated. Postnatal renal ultrasound screening is probably a suitable test for detecting significant urinary tract abnormalities.

• MeSH
• dilatace patologická diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• ledvinná pánvička diagnostické zobrazování   embryologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močové ústrojí * abnormality   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nemocnice univerzitní MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• urogenitální abnormality diagnóza   embryologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• urologické nemoci diagnóza   embryologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

The authors report two examples of nodular hyperplasia of the Bartholin gland. Each occurred in the vulva, close to the introitus of women aged 33 and 49 years, who presented with slightly painful lesions that were clinically thought to be cysts. Grossly, both masses exhibited a multilobular architecture, were elastic, were gray in color, and measured 4 cm and 3.2 cm in greatest dimension. On microscopic examination, the lesions looked similar and exhibited an increased number of secretory acini, with maintenance of the normal duct-acinar relationship--features compatible with nodular hyperplasia. Rare dilated ducts were observed, and intraluminal inspissated secretions were occasionally seen. In one case, there were a focal mild inflammatory infiltrate, squamous metaplasia of larger ducts, and rare ruptured ducts with extravasated stromal mucin. Clonality analysis performed in one case revealed a monoclonal pattern, suggesting that the lesion may be a neoplastic process rather than simple reactive hyperplasia.

• MeSH
• aktiny analýza   MeSH
• androgenní receptory analýza   MeSH
• Bartholiniho žlázy metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• buněčné klony patologie   MeSH
• calponiny MeSH
• cytoplazma ultrastruktura   MeSH
• dilatace patologická patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hyperplazie MeSH
• keratiny analýza   MeSH
• kolagen ultrastruktura   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny analýza   MeSH
• metaplazie MeSH
• mikrofilamentové proteiny analýza   MeSH
• muciny metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny S100 analýza   MeSH
• proteiny vázající vápník analýza   MeSH
• svalové proteiny analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aktiny MeSH
• androgenní receptory MeSH
• AR protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• CKAP4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• keratiny MeSH
• kolagen MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• mikrofilamentové proteiny MeSH
• muciny MeSH
• proteiny S100 MeSH
• proteiny vázající vápník MeSH
• svalové proteiny MeSH

BACKGROUND: Dilatation of the ascending aorta in aortic stenosis may be partly explained by intrinsic wall structure changes, but the relative contribution of altered hemodynamics is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between ascending aortic dimensions and valve stenosis severity. METHODS AND RESULTS: An analysis of echocardiographic examinations was conducted in 296 patients with aortic stenosis (179 males, mean age 71 years), 57 with bicuspid and 239 with tricuspid aortic valve, mean transaortic gradient 43+/-20 mmHg, and not more than moderate aortic regurgitation. Aortic dimensions at the level of annulus, sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction and proximal ascending aorta were measured. Only height (p<0.001), degree of aortic regurgitation (p<0.01) and presence of bicuspid aortic valve (p<0.001) were independent predictors of ascending aortic dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: An independent association between aortic pressure gradients and proximal ascending aortic dimensions was not observed in patients with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valve stenosis. Therefore, the poststenotic dilatation of the ascending aorta is not explained by aortic stenosis severity itself. Possible nonhemodynamic causes deserve detailed study at the time of diagnosis.

• MeSH
• aorta patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• aortální insuficience patofyziologie   MeSH
• aortální stenóza patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dilatace patologická patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• echokardiografie MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitrální chlopeň patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci * MeSH
• trikuspidální stenóza patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Atherogenic lipoproteins can cause endothelial dysfunction in the initial stage of atherogenesis. In our study we examined 134 patients with defined hyperlipoproteinemia (non-HDL cholesterol>4.1 mmol/l or triglycerides>2.5 mmol/l or taking any of lipid lowering drugs)--94 men and 40 women. The subgroup of controls of comparable age contained 54 normolipidemic individuals--30 men and 24 women. Patients with hyperlipoproteinemia revealed significantly lower ability of endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (EDV) measured on brachial artery (4.13+/-3.07 vs. 5.41+/-3.82 %; p=0.032) and higher carotid intima media thickness than normolipidemic controls (0.68+/-0.22 vs. 0.58+/-0.15 mm; p=0.005). In regression analysis, EDV correlated significantly with plasma concentrations of oxLDL (p<0.05) HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), Apo A1 (p<0.05), ATI (p<0.01) and non-HDL cholesterol (p<0.05). Patients with hyperlipoproteinemia showed higher plasma levels of oxLDL (65.77+/-9.54 vs. 56.49+/-7.80 U/l; p=0.015), malondialdehyde (0.89+/-0.09 vs. 0.73+/-0.08 micromol/l; p=0.010) and nitrites/nitrates (20.42+/-4.88 vs. 16.37+/-4.44 micromol/l; p=0.018) indicating possible higher long-term oxidative stress in these patients.

• MeSH
• arterioskleróza krev   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• cévní endotel metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• dilatace patologická krev   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hyperlipoproteinemie krev   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kauzalita MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny krev   MeSH
• rizikové faktory * MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vazodilatace MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lipoproteiny MeSH

The ultrastructure of the v. colica sinistra in a case of generalized vasomegaly in man was examined. Elastic material was found in three forms: as a lightly osmiophil amorphous material bordering on myocytes, as a highly osmiophil elastic membrane, and as highly osmiophil slim elastic fibres of different orientation in the tunica media and adventitia. The slightly osmiophil elastic material is assumed to be newly formed by pinocytotic activity of the myocytes. The highly osmiophil elastic material indicates its impairment. No typical atherosclerotic changes were found in the examined vein. Based on a comparison with previous findings in the case of vasomegaly of the a. mesenterica inferior, the authors conclude that the venomegaly phenomenon is connected with degenerative changes in the elastic material of the vessel wall.

• MeSH
• dilatace patologická patologie   MeSH
• elastická tkáň patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci cév patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• svaly hladké cévní patologie   MeSH
• tunica intima patologie   MeSH
• tunica media patologie   MeSH
• vény patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Using the electron microscope, the authors examined the structure of the wall in a case of arteriomegaly of the inferior mesenteric artery in man. Structural changes concerned the elastic material showing signs of degeneration. Based on a comparison with literary findings, the authors conclude that tortuosity of the arteries, aneurysms and arteriomegaly are caused by congenital, age-dependent and pathological changes in the elastic material in the vessel wall. There exist basic structural differences in the arterial wall in arteriomegaly and in atherosclerosis.

• MeSH
• aneurysma břišní aorty patologie   MeSH
• aneurysma patologie   MeSH
• arteria iliaca patologie   MeSH
• arteriae mesentericae patologie   MeSH
• dilatace patologická patologie   MeSH
• elastická tkáň patologie   MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• svaly hladké cévní patologie   MeSH
• tunica intima patologie   MeSH
• tunica media patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kolagen MeSH