OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to compare the effects of Propiscin, 2-phenoxyethanol, clove oil and tricaine methane sulphonate (MS 222), anaesthetics frequently used in aquaculture. DESIGN: The haematological and biochemical blood profiles of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) anesthetized with Propiscin (1.5 ml L-1), 2-phenoxyethanol (0.3 ml L-1), clove oil (33 mg L-1), MS 222 (150 mg L-1) and non-anesthetized control group were tested. Each tested group was divided into two subgroups, the first subgroup was sampled in anaesthesia 10 min after application of the anaesthetic and the second one live on 24h. RESULTS: The erythrocyte count and haematocrit was significantly decreased in 2-phenoxyethanol (24 h) compared with control group (CG). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was significantly increased in 2-phenoxyethanol (10 min), Propiscin (10 min and 24 h) compared to CG. The 2-phenoxyethanol (10 min and 24 h), MS 222 (24 h), clove oil (24 h), and Propiscin (10 min and 24 h) showed significantly lower leukocyte count compared with CG. The level of glucose was significantly (p<0.05) elevated with MS 222 (10 min) and clove oil (10 min) compared with CG. The 2-phenoxyethanol (10 min and 24 h), MS 222 (24 h), clove oil (24 h), and Propiscin (24 h) showed significantly lower (p<0.01) ammonia levels compared with CG. The triacylglycerols was significantly decreased (p<0.01) with Propiscin (10 min and 24 h), MS 222 (24 h), clove oil (24 h) and with 2-phenoxyethanol (24 h) compared with CG. After 24 hours MS 222 (24 h) and Propiscin (24 h) anaesthesia, fish showed significantly lower (p<0.01) concentration of inorganic phosphate compared with CG. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this experiment, it appears that clove oil was associated with the lowest effects in pikeperch and therefore would be recommended as an alternative to MS 222, while Propiscin and 2-phenoxyethanol are not suitable for manipulation with pikeperch in aquaculture.

• MeSH
• aminobenzoáty toxicita   MeSH
• anestetika farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• Esocidae krev   MeSH
• ethylenglykoly farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• etomidát farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• hematokrit MeSH
• hřebíčkový olej farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• krevní proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• okounovití krev   MeSH
• počet erytrocytů MeSH
• vodní hospodářství metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminobenzoáty MeSH
• anestetika MeSH
• ethylenglykoly MeSH
• etomidát MeSH
• hřebíčkový olej MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH
• phenoxyethanol MeSH Prohlížeč
• tricaine MeSH Prohlížeč

The growth adaptability to increasing concentration of the biocide 2-phenoxyethanol (PE) was determined in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (P.a.) as part of efforts to understand and control the biocide tolerance and its effect on cross-resistance to other biocides and resistance to antibiotics. After repeated subculturing in media containing increasing sub-minimum-inhibitory PE concentration, P.a. exhibited an adaptive resistance indicated by two-fold increase in MIC at the 10th passage. The resistance was stable and remained after passaging the strain in further 7 successive passages in PE-free growth media. The strain showed cross-resistance towards dissimilar biocides and displayed increased susceptibility to antibiotics, which was not influenced by the presence of the efflux inhibitor 'carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone'. Outer membranes of adapted strain showed altered protein profile when examined by SDS-PAGE.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• biologická adaptace MeSH
• dezinficiencia metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• ethylenglykoly metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány analýza   MeSH
• proteom analýza   MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa fyziologie   MeSH
• sériové pasážování MeSH
• tolerance léku * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• dezinficiencia MeSH
• ethylenglykoly MeSH
• phenoxyethanol MeSH Prohlížeč
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány MeSH
• proteom MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Anaesthetics are used in aquaculture to prevent stress and mechanical damage to fish during handling or the treatment of fish in breeding, blood sampling and other veterinary interventions. Clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol are used in the Czech Republic in a water bath for the short-term immobilization of the fish. DESIGN: Acute toxicity tests were performed on aquarium fish Danio rerio, which is considered to be one of the model organisms most commonly used in toxicity testing. The semi-static method according to OECD No. 203 (Fish acute toxicity test) was used for testing juvenile fish. Embryo toxicity tests were performed in zebrafish embryos (D. rerio) in compliance with the OECD No. 212 methodology (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages). The results obtained (the number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme in order to determine LC50 clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol values. The statistical significance of the difference between LC50 values in juvenile and embryonic stages of D. rerio was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test implemented in the Unistat 5.1 programme. RESULTS: The LC50 clove oil mean value was 18.8 +/- 5.52 mg.L-1 in juvenile D. rerio, and 15.64 +/- 3.30 mg.L-1 in embryonic stages of D. rerio. The LC50 2-phenoxyethanol mean value was 338.22 +/- 15.22 mg.L-1 in juvenile D. rerio, whereas in embryonic stages of D. rerio it was 486.35 +/- 25.53 mg.L-1. CONCLUSIONS: The study proved statistically significantly higher (p<0.01) sensitivity in juvenile fish to 2-phenoxyethanol compared to the embryonic stages. Acute toxicity values of clove oil for juvenile and embryonic stages were comparable.

• MeSH
• anestetika toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované fyziologie   MeSH
• ethylenglykoly toxicita   MeSH
• hřebíčkový olej toxicita   MeSH
• larva MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• oleje rostlin toxicita   MeSH
• Syzygium toxicita   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anestetika MeSH
• ethylenglykoly MeSH
• hřebíčkový olej MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• phenoxyethanol MeSH Prohlížeč

The inhibition of intercellular gap junctional communication (IGJC) by alkyl ethers (ethylene glycol, monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol 1,000 and polyethylene glycol 6000) was examined using V79 Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Ethylene glycol and monomethyl ether inhibited IGJC very strongly, whilst the other agents inhibited IGJC only insignificantly. When the cells were treated with the combination of two agents, ethylene glycol and monomethyl ether, a significant increase in the inhibition of IGJC occurred. This was probably the result of potentiation rather than an addition effect. The effect of ethylene glycol was antagonized by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (DbcAMP). This effect was most intensive when the cells were treated with both agents at the same time and, in other experimental combinations, the effect was lower but also significant. Caffeine did not influence IGJC either in combination with DbcAMP or by itself.

• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dibutyryl cyklický AMP antagonisté a inhibitory   farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• ethylenglykol MeSH
• ethylenglykoly antagonisté a inhibitory   toxicita   MeSH
• kofein farmakologie   MeSH
• křečci praví MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• methylethery antagonisté a inhibitory   toxicita   MeSH
• mezibuněčná komunikace účinky léků   MeSH
• mezibuněčné spoje účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly toxicita   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• křečci praví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dibutyryl cyklický AMP MeSH
• ethylenglykol MeSH
• ethylenglykoly MeSH
• kofein MeSH
• methylethery MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly MeSH

The rapid gas chromatographic detection and determination of ethylene glycol in biological fluids is described. Phenylboronic acid in acetone was used for the esterification of glycol. The phenylboronates of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol are not separated on a packed column of medium polarity (OV-17), but they can be separated on a non-polar column (OV-101). In both instances, 1,3-propylene glycol can be used as an internal standard. The method requires only 100 microliters of serum or urine and is suitable for trace analysis in an emergency toxicological laboratory. The utility of the method is demonstrated on two cases of human intoxication with ethylene glycol.

• MeSH
• chromatografie plynová MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• ethylenglykoly krev   toxicita   moč   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ethylenglykoly MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• chemické jevy MeSH
• chemie MeSH
• epitel účinky léků   MeSH
• epitelové buňky * MeSH
• epoxidové sloučeniny toxicita   MeSH
• ethery cyklické toxicita   MeSH
• ethylenglykoly analogy a deriváty   toxicita   MeSH
• HeLa buňky účinky léků   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• mitóza účinky léků   MeSH
• nádory hrtanu MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• epoxidové sloučeniny MeSH
• ethery cyklické MeSH
• ethylenglykoly MeSH