A highly effective way to improve prognosis of viral infectious diseases and to determine the outcome of infection is early, fast, simple, and efficient diagnosis of viral pathogens in biological fluids. Among a wide range of viral pathogens, Flaviviruses attract a special attention. Flavivirus genus includes more than 70 viruses, the most familiar being dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Haemorrhagic and encephalitis diseases are the most common severe consequences of flaviviral infection. Currently, increasing attention is being paid to the development of electrochemical immunological methods for the determination of Flaviviruses. This review critically compares and evaluates recent research progress in electrochemical biosensing of DENV, ZIKV, and JEV without labelling. Specific attention is paid to comparison of detection strategies, electrode materials, and analytical characteristics. The potential of so far developed biosensors is discussed together with an outlook for further development in this field.

• Klíčová slova
• Flavivirus, electrochemical biosensors, label-free,
• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky * MeSH
• dengue * diagnóza   MeSH
• Flavivirus * MeSH
• infekce virem zika * diagnóza   MeSH
• japonská encefalitida * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• virus zika MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread in the Americas since 2015 and the potential establishment of a sylvatic transmission cycle in the continent has been hypothesized. We evaluated vector competence of five sylvatic Neotropical mosquito species to two ZIKV isolates. Distinct batches of Haemagogus leucoceleanus, Sabethes albiprivus, Sabethes identicus, Aedes terrens and Aedes scapularis females were respectively orally challenged and inoculated intrathoracically with ZIKV. Orally challenged mosquitoes were refractory or exhibited low infection rates. Viral dissemination was detected only in Hg. leucocelaenus, but with very low rates. Virus was not detected in saliva of any mosquito orally challenged with ZIKV, regardless of viral isolate and incubation time. When intrathoracically injected, ZIKV disseminated in high rates in Hg. leucocelaenus, Sa. identicus and Sa. albpiprivus, but low transmission was detected in these species; very low dissemination and no transmission was detected in Ae. terrens and Ae. scapularis. Together these results suggest that genetically determined tissue barriers, especially in the midgut, play a vital role in inhibiting ZIKV for transmission in the tested sylvatic mosquito species. Thus, an independent enzootic transmission cycle for ZIKV in South America is very unlikely.

• MeSH
• infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
• infekce virem zika diagnóza   epidemiologie   přenos   virologie   MeSH
• komáří přenašeči virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ochrana veřejného zdraví MeSH
• virová nálož MeSH
• virus zika * klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jižní Amerika epidemiologie   MeSH

• MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• infekce virem zika diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• negativní výsledek MeSH
• neutralizační testy MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• protilátky virové imunologie   MeSH
• RNA virová genetika   MeSH
• virus zika genetika   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Izrael MeSH
• Názvy látek
• neutralizující protilátky MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH

Serological diagnosis of Zika virus is challenging due to high cross-reactivity of Zika virus with other flavivirus antibodies. Recently, a Zika NS1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and shown to be highly specific for Zika antibody detection; however, sensitivity was evaluated for only a small number of confirmed Zika-infected patients. In this study, we measured the sensitivity and kinetics of Zika IgM and IgG antibodies using the Zika NS1-based ELISA in 105 samples from 63 returning travelers infected with Zika virus (proven by PCR or neutralization assay) from Israel, Czech Republic, Italy, Belgium, Germany, and Chile. Zika virus IgM was detected from 2 to 42 days post-symptom onset (PSO) with an overall sensitivity of 79% in the first month and 68% until 2 months PSO, while IgG antibodies were detected from 5 days to 3 years PSO with 79% sensitivity. Interestingly, significant differences in IgM sensitivity and IgM detection period were observed between Israeli and European/Chilean Zika-infected travelers, adding to the complexity of Zika infection diagnosis and suggesting that other diagnostic methods should be complemented to reduce false-negative results.

• Klíčová slova
• ELISA, NS1, Zika, sensitivity, travelers,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cestování MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• importované infekce diagnóza   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin M krev   MeSH
• infekce virem zika diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• protilátky virové krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• sérologické testy metody   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• virové nestrukturální proteiny imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Chile MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• imunoglobulin M MeSH
• NS1 protein, zika virus MeSH Prohlížeč
• protilátky virové MeSH
• virové nestrukturální proteiny MeSH