INTRODUCTION: Multiple myeloma is a common plasma cell neoplasia usually accompanied by the formation of osteolytic foci, whereas osteosclerotic myeloma is a very rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia. When osteosclerotic myeloma is detected, osteosclerotic foci are usually part of the POEMS syndrome. Osteosclerotic myeloma without other manifestations of the POEMS syndrome is an unusual finding. CASE DESCRIPTION: In a 46-year-old woman, osteosclerotic changes of the temporoparietal region caused soft tissue induration over this lesion, which initiated further investigation. Imaging studies subsequently showed multiple osteosclerotic foci in the skull. Examination of blood proteins revealed 8 g/L of IgG-lambda monoclonal immunoglobulin, subclass IgG1. In search of the cause of the osteosclerotic changes, FDG-PET/CT was performed, which revealed no FDG accumulation, i.e., no other tumor (breast or stomach cancer). Low-dose CT showed irregular bone structure, but not significant osteolytic or osteosclerotic foci. To map the extent of osteosclerotic changes, NaF-PET/CT imagination followed, which revealed multiple spots with high fluoride accumulation. A parietal bone biopsy showed osteosclerosis with minor clonal plasma cell infiltration. Trepanobioptic bone marrow sampling revealed an infiltration of bone marrow with atypical plasma cells in 8%. Flow-cytometric examination of bone marrow showed 0,37% of plasma cells, however predominantly (91%) clonal with lambda expression. MRI of the brain identified asymptomatic meningeal thickening. There was no evidence of POEMS syndrome in the patient; thus, we concluded the diagnosis as monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance with osteosclerosis which was previously termed osteosclerotic multiple myeloma. CONCLUSION: Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) with osteosclerotic skeletal changes, documented on CT and multiple foci with intensive osteoneogenesis, documented on NaF-PET/CT without evidence of POEMS syndrome, is an extremely rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia. This publication documents the unique clinical manifestations of IgG-lambda type plasma cell proliferation without signs of POEMS syndrome and the role of NaF-PET/CT imaging. Classification of this disease as MGSC with osteosclerotic manifestations is more consistent with the indolent nature of the disease with a significantly better prognosis, compared with multiple myeloma.
- Klíčová slova
- POEMS syndrome, monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) with osteosclerosis, osteosclerosis, osteosclerotic myeloma,
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom * komplikace patologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- osteoskleróza * diagnostické zobrazování etiologie patologie MeSH
- paraproteinemie komplikace patologie MeSH
- PET/CT MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: In multiple myeloma and its precursor stages, plasma cell infiltration (PCI) and cytogenetic aberrations are important for staging, risk stratification, and response assessment. However, invasive bone marrow (BM) biopsies cannot be performed frequently and multifocally to assess the spatially heterogenous tumor tissue. Therefore, the goal of this study was to establish an automated framework to predict local BM biopsy results from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective multicentric study used data from center 1 for algorithm training and internal testing, and data from center 2 to 8 for external testing. An nnU-Net was trained for automated segmentation of pelvic BM from T1-weighted whole-body MRI. Radiomics features were extracted from these segmentations, and random forest models were trained to predict PCI and the presence or absence of cytogenetic aberrations. Pearson correlation coefficient and the area under the receiver operating characteristic were used to evaluate the prediction performance for PCI and cytogenetic aberrations, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 672 MRIs from 512 patients (median age, 61 years; interquartile range, 53-67 years; 307 men) from 8 centers and 370 corresponding BM biopsies were included. The predicted PCI from the best model was significantly correlated ( P ≤ 0.01) to the actual PCI from biopsy in all internal and external test sets (internal test set: r = 0.71 [0.51, 0.83]; center 2, high-quality test set: r = 0.45 [0.12, 0.69]; center 2, other test set: r = 0.30 [0.07, 0.49]; multicenter test set: r = 0.57 [0.30, 0.76]). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic of the prediction models for the different cytogenetic aberrations ranged from 0.57 to 0.76 for the internal test set, but no model generalized well to all 3 external test sets. CONCLUSIONS: The automated image analysis framework established in this study allows for noninvasive prediction of a surrogate parameter for PCI, which is significantly correlated to the actual PCI from BM biopsy.
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- chromozomální aberace MeSH
- deep learning * MeSH
- kostní dřeň diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom * diagnostické zobrazování genetika MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a known precursor of more serious cancers, such as multiple myeloma (MM), Waldenström macroglobulinemia (MW) and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Using 18F-FDG PET/CT, we aimed to evaluate its benefit in early detection of various accompanying disorders and illnesses in MGUS patients. We prospectively analyzed the diagnostic relevance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in 390 newly diagnosed MGUS patients. On 18F-FDG PET/CT scans, the presence of focal or diffuse areas of detectable increased tracer uptake was recorded in 37 (9.5%) MGUS patients. The most frequent pathology was lymphadenopathy (3.8%), followed by thyroid diseases (2.1%), rheumatic diseases (1.8%), and other solid malignancies (1.5%). These results have major implications for confirmed associations of MGUS with numerous malignant and non-malignant disorders. We believe that 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in newly diagnosed MGUS patients may be useful in early detection of other serious pathologies, not only in predicting progression of MGUS to active MM, and should be strongly recommended if available.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- monoklonální gamapatie nejasného významu * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- PET/CT MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 MeSH
Our limited experience suggests that fluorine-18-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) may perform better in the detection of skeletal involvement by multiple myeloma compared to fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and that standard uptake ratio (SUR) might be considered in the semi-quantitative comparison of tracer uptake.
- MeSH
- cholin analogy a deriváty MeSH
- kosterní svaly diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- PET/CT * MeSH
- studie proveditelnosti MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cholin MeSH
- fluorocholine MeSH Prohlížeč
This paper presents a fully automated method for the identification of bone marrow infiltration in femurs in low-dose CT of patients with multiple myeloma. We automatically find the femurs and the bone marrow within them. In the next step, we create a probabilistic, spatially dependent density model of normal tissue. At test time, we detect unexpectedly high density voxels which may be related to bone marrow infiltration, as outliers to this model. Based on a set of global, aggregated features representing all detections from one femur, we classify the subjects as being either healthy or not. This method was validated on a dataset of 127 subjects with ground truth created from a consensus of two expert radiologists, obtaining an AUC of 0.996 for the task of distinguishing healthy controls and patients with bone marrow infiltration. To the best of our knowledge, no other automatic image-based method for this task has been published before.
- Klíčová slova
- Bone marrow CT, Classification, Femur, Low-dose CT, Multiple myeloma,
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nádory kostní dřeně diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- strojové učení * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
AIMS: The study aimed at comparing two methods for evaluating thymidinekinase TK in serum - an older RIA method and novel DiviTum - in patients with MM and MGUS, and also comparing them with biochemical markers and degree of activity evaluated by imaging methods 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET/CT. METHODS: Serum thymidinekinase TK levels were evaluated by DiviTum and an RIA method (TK REA kit by Immunotech);The study analyzed correlation of TK activity in serum with biochemical markers reflecting activity of MM: β2-m, LDH, the ratio of kappa to lambda (κ/λ) free light chains and percentage of bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC). 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET/CT were performed at the time of diagnosis. The degree of activity was expressed semiquantitatively. Scans were classified as 0 (normal activity), 1 (diffuse positivity) or 2 (focal positivity). RESULTS: We found a strong positive correlation between TK in serum evaluated by DiviTum and by TK REA.. The DiviTum analytic method extended the detection range and was able to detect higher levels of TK than the RIA method. DiviTum technique found positive correlation with β2-m (r = 0.497) and LDH (r = 0.502) and moderate positive correlation with BMPC (r = 0.368). Significantly higher TK values measured by TK REA and DiviTum in the group of patients with MM (stages I, II or III) than in those with MGUS. Increased TK levels were observed in MIBI- or PET/CT-positive patients. Analysis of repeated measurements of TK in serum during treatment of MM patients found a correlation between change in TK measured by DiviTum and LDH during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis revealed a significant correlation between TK in serum and LDH, β2-m and BMPC. Increased levels of TK in serum were observed in MIBI- or PET/CT-positive patients. Combination of positivity of imaging methods which can localize active tumor lesions and increased levels of TK in serum can have an impact on decision-making and optimization of the therapeutic approach.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 farmakologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom diagnostické zobrazování enzymologie MeSH
- monoklonální gamapatie nejasného významu diagnostické zobrazování enzymologie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie * MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie * MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prohibitiny MeSH
- radiofarmaka farmakologie MeSH
- radioimunoanalýza MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- thymidinkináza krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 MeSH
- PHB2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- prohibitiny MeSH
- radiofarmaka MeSH
- thymidinkináza MeSH
BACKGROUNDS: Osteolytic lesions are a common manifestation of multiple myeloma, though their healing is rare in these patients. Generally, during a complete remission, lesions only stop progressing; radiologically evident recalcification is exceptional. CASE: Herein we report a case of a male patient born in 1941 and diagnosed in 2005 with IgA multiple myeloma presenting with multiple osteolytic bone lesions. Administration of 4 cycles of VAD chemotherapy (vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone) with subsequent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and maintenance treatment with interferon alpha had resulted into a very good partial remission. In 2009, the disease relapsed with enlargement of osteolytic lesions evident on skiagrams. The largest lesion, reaching 24 x 10 mm in size, was located in the left femur. A complete remission of the disease was achieved with CVD senior regimen (cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, dexamethasone, 8 cycles in total). Bisphosphonates (zoledronate, ibandronate and, from 2007, clodronate) were administered as a long-term supportive therapy. A one-year follow-up skiagram of the left femur revealed over 50% regression of the osteolytic lesion (10 x 5 mm) documented in a set of pictures herein. CONCLUSION: A complete remission of the disease after an administration of bortezomib (Velcade)-based regimen in a long-term clodronate (Bonefos)-treated patient with relapsed multiple myeloma is radiographically apparent by clear healing signs of the osteolytic bone lesion.
- MeSH
- bortezomib MeSH
- dichlormethylendifosfonát terapeutické užití MeSH
- femur diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- indukce remise MeSH
- inhibitory kostní resorpce terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyseliny boronové aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom komplikace diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- osteolýza komplikace diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie MeSH
- protinádorové látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- pyraziny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- radiografie MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bortezomib MeSH
- dichlormethylendifosfonát MeSH
- inhibitory kostní resorpce MeSH
- kyseliny boronové MeSH
- protinádorové látky MeSH
- pyraziny MeSH
BACKGROUNDS: Newer imaging modalities, such as 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, have been recently introduced to assess the activity and extent of disease in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The aim of our study was to compare the impact of these imaging modalities in the evaluation of MM and MGUS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 101 patients with MM (81 patients) and MGUS (20 patients) were enrolled in the study (21 newly diagnosed and 44 relapsed patients with symptomatic MM, 16 with asymptomatic MM and 20 with MGUS). All patients were without therapy and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy within a maximum interval of 14 days. The scans were classified as normal (N), diffuse (D), and focal or combined (F-FD) pattern. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the detection of newly diagnosed MM and relapsed patients between the compared methods. 18F-FDG PET/CT performed better than 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in the detection of focal lesions (p < 0.039), whereas 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy was superior in the visualization of diffuse disease (p = 0.042). 18F-FDG PET/CT visualised significantly more focal lesions than 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy (p = 0.002), both generally in the cohort and when comparing the number of focal lesions per patient. Both the imaging modalities singly or in combination influenced the subsequent clinical management in 17% of patients. In our study, 18F-FDG PET/CT predicted asymptomatic MM and MGUS transformation into more aggressive forms with the necessity to start therapy more often than 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET/CT appeared to be a better imaging technique than 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in the detection of focal lesions in patients with symptomatic MM. 99mTc-MIBI was superior in the visualization of diffuse disease. On the other hand, despite its limited capacity in detecting focal lesions, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy still remains the most rapid and inexpensive technique for whole-body evaluation and may be an alternative option when a PET/CT facility is not available.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- monoklonální gamapatie nejasného významu diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie * MeSH
- radiofarmaka * MeSH
- radiografie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- technecium 99mTc sestamibi * MeSH
- tomografie emisní počítačová * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 * MeSH
- radiofarmaka * MeSH
- technecium 99mTc sestamibi * MeSH
PURPOSE: Technetium-99m 2 methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-99m MIBI) scintigraphy has been used to identify biologic activity and extent of multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). The examination could also serve both as a prognostic tool and an examination for monitoring the disease course in MM patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of different Tc-99m MIBI uptake patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-nine consecutive patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic MM and 18 patients with MGUS underwent baseline Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy before applying any kind of therapy. The Tc-99m MIBI scans were classified as showing normal, diffuse, and focal or combined (diffuse and focal) patterns of tracer uptake. To evaluate the prognostic value of different Tc-99m MIBI uptake patterns, overall survival (OS) was chosen as an end point. Median of follow-up period was 84 months. Survival according to patterns of Tc-99m MIBI uptake was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier plots. RESULTS: Statistically significant correlation between the baseline patterns of Tc-99m MIBI uptake and OS was found (P < 0.0001). Focal or combined patterns of Tc-99m MIBI uptake indicated significantly worse prognosis with shorter OS than normal or diffuse tracer patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy plays the predictive role in the follow-up of patients with MM. Baseline scintigraphic pattern of Tc-99m MIBI uptake seems to be a useful prognostic indicator of OS in MM patients and Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy could be used as an additional tool for the initial examination in patients with newly diagnosed MM.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- paraproteinemie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- radioisotopová scintigrafie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- technecium 99mTc sestamibi farmakokinetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- technecium 99mTc sestamibi MeSH
Imaging techniques such as RTG, CT, MR and PET are key in diagnosing multiple myeloma. Their selection, combinations and sequence of their application are important for early and correct diagnosis. It is the clinical experience with this condition complemented by suitable imaging diagnostics that leads effective treatment.
