BACKGROUND: An enhanced release of metals in the mouth due to galvanic cell formation is considered to be one of the causes of oral discomfort. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of galvanic cell on salivary immune defense factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The levels of IgA1, IgA2, sIgA, lysozyme and antiIgA/HSP60 were evaluated in representative samples from 159 patients with galvanism, from 177 patients without galvanism and in two control groups. All the participants underwent personal history taking, clinical examination, galvanic currents measurement and saliva collection. RESULTS: Electro active dental materials were removed in 30 patients. There was a significant increase in IgA2 level, a significant decrease in antiIgA/HSP60 levels and an increase in IgA1, sIgA and lysozyme levels found after the removal of electro active restorations. Morphological symptoms disappeared in 70% of the treated patients. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed that pathologic galvanic phenomena influences the immune defense reactions in the oral cavity and thus may cause the symptoms of oral discomfort. A measurement of the galvanism and a subsequent removal of electro active restorations should become a common therapeutic procedure in the patients with oral discomfort.

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chaperon hsp60 imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrogalvanismus intraorální * MeSH
• imunoglobulin A imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kovy imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální proteiny imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• muramidasa imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• odstranění implantátu MeSH
• protilátky anti-idiotypické imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• sliny imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• trvalá zubní náhrada škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ústa imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anti-IgA MeSH Prohlížeč
• biologické markery MeSH
• chaperon hsp60 MeSH
• HSPD1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• imunoglobulin A MeSH
• kovy MeSH
• mitochondriální proteiny MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• protilátky anti-idiotypické MeSH

Survival of earthworms in the environment depends on their ability to recognize and eliminate potential pathogens. This work is aimed to compare the innate defense mechanisms of two closely related earthworm species, Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida, that inhabit substantially different ecological niches. While E. andrei lives in a compost and manure, E. fetida can be found in the litter layer in forests. Therefore, the influence of environment-specific microbiota on the immune response of both species was followed. Firstly, a reliable method to discern between E. andrei and E. fetida based on species-specific primers for cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and stringent PCR conditions was developed. Secondly, to analyze the immunological profile in both earthworm species, the activity and expression of lysozyme, pattern recognition protein CCF, and antimicrobial proteins with hemolytic function, fetidin and lysenins, have been assessed. Whereas, CCF and lysozyme showed only slight differences in the expression and activity, fetidin/lysenins expression as well as the hemolytic activity was considerably higher in E. andrei as compared to E. fetida. The expression of fetidin/lysenins in E. fetida was not affected upon the challenge with compost microbiota, suggesting more substantial changes in the regulation of the gene expression. Genomic DNA analyses revealed significantly higher level of fetidin/lysenins (determined using universal primer pairs) in E. andrei compared to E. fetida. It can be hypothesized that E. andrei colonizing compost as a new habitat acquired an evolutionary selection advantage resulting in a higher expression of antimicrobial proteins.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• biologické toxiny genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• cytotoxicita imunologická genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• hemolýza genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• hnůj mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• muramidasa genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• Oligochaeta klasifikace   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• přirozená imunita genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• proteiny genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sekvenční homologie nukleových kyselin MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické toxiny MeSH
• fetidin MeSH Prohlížeč
• hnůj MeSH
• lysenin MeSH Prohlížeč
• muramidasa MeSH
• proteiny MeSH
• respirační komplex IV MeSH

Caenorhabditis elegans has been increasingly used to study the innate immunity and for the screening of microbe/host-specific pathogenic factors. Staphylococcus aureus-mediated infections with live C. elegans were performed on solid (full-lawn) and liquid assays. S. aureus required 90 ± 10 h for the complete killing of C. elegans, but the infection was started only after 32 h of exposure with 20% inoculum of S. aureus. The short time exposure studies revealed that, in 20% of inoculum, continuous exposure to the pathogen was required for the killing of nematode. In 100% of inoculum, only 8 h of exposure was sufficient to kill the C. elegans. To evaluate kinetically at the innate immune level, the regulation of representative candidate antimicrobial genes was investigated. Both semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR analyses indicated the regulation of candidate immune regulatory genes of lysozyme (lys-7), cysteine protease (cpr-2), and C-type lectin (clec-60 and clec-87) family members during the course of S. aureus infections, indicating the possible contribution of the above players during the host immune response against S. aureus exposures.

• MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• cysteinové proteasy genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• lektiny typu C genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• muramidasa genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• přirozená imunita * MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce genetika   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus fyziologie   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cysteinové proteasy MeSH
• lektiny typu C MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans MeSH

Lysozyme is a widely distributed antimicrobial protein having specificity for cleaving the beta-(1,4)-glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) of peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell walls and thus efficiently contributes to protection against infections caused mainly by Gram-positive bacteria. In the present study, we assembled a full-length cDNA of a novel invertebrate-type lysozyme from Eisenia andrei earthworm (EALys) by RT-PCR and RACE system. The primary structure of EALys shares high homology with other invertebrate lysozymes; however the highest, 72% identity, was shown for the destabilase I isolated from medicinal leech. Recombinant EALys expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited the lysozyme and isopeptidase activity. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed increased levels of lysozyme mRNA in coelomocytes of E. andrei after the challenge with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

• MeSH
• Bacillus subtilis imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• chitinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Echinodermata genetika   MeSH
• endopeptidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• glukosamin analogy a deriváty   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakteriální infekce imunologie   MeSH
• hydrolýza MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli imunologie   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• kyseliny muramové imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lyasy štěpící vazby C-N metabolismus   MeSH
• muramidasa genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Oligochaeta enzymologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• pijavka lékařská genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční homologie MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chitinasy MeSH
• endopeptidasy MeSH
• fibrin destabilase MeSH Prohlížeč
• glukosamin MeSH
• isopeptidase MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyseliny muramové MeSH
• lyasy štěpící vazby C-N MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• N-acetylglucopyranosylamine MeSH Prohlížeč
• N-acetylmuramic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Due to limitations in antigen processing, mice of the C57BL/10ScSn (B10) strain exhibit a low IgG production against a variety of T-dependent antigens. To characterize the T-cell functions, the authors studied antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro. The response of B10 mice was compared with that of the high IgG producing strain A/J. A highly restricted proliferative response and almost no interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) production was detected in lymph node (LN) cells of B10 mice primed in vivo by protein antigens and subjected to a specific restimulation in vitro, whilst A/J cells responded by significant proliferation and cytokine production. The antigen-specific T-cell response of B10 mice could not be increased by lipopolysaccharide treatment in vivo or by in vitro cultivation with IL-2. However, the T cells of B10 mice produced high levels of IL-2 and IL-4 when stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and Ca2+ ionophore, proving the existence of a functionally intact signal transduction pathway downstream of protein kinase C (PKC). The results suggest that the in vivo antigen priming does not effectively activate the T cells in B10 mice. The limited activation consequently leads to the low IgG response described in B10 mice.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• antigeny imunologie   MeSH
• calcimycin farmakologie   MeSH
• imunizace MeSH
• imunoglobulin G biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• interleukin-2 metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-3 metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-4 metabolismus   MeSH
• ionofory farmakologie   MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• muramidasa imunologie   MeSH
• mutantní kmeny myší MeSH
• myši inbrední A MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• prezentace antigenu genetika   MeSH
• proteinkinasa C metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• spolupráce lymfocytů MeSH
• T-lymfocyty pomocné-indukující imunologie   MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek genetika   MeSH
• vaječné proteiny imunologie   MeSH
• vápník fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny MeSH
• calcimycin MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• interleukin-2 MeSH
• interleukin-3 MeSH
• interleukin-4 MeSH
• ionofory MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• proteinkinasa C MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
• vaječné proteiny MeSH
• vápník MeSH

Heterozygous nu/+ mice are not fully identical in their immunological properties with the mice of wild +/+ genotype. A colony of nu/nu, nu/+ and +/+ mice from the same breeding nucleus was established and their immune reactivity to human serum albumin, inducibility of adult immune tolerance to hen egg lysozyme (HEL), sensitivity of their lymphoid cells to stimulation by mitogens and ratio of CD3, CD4 and CD8 positive cell populations was studied. Both the numbers of antibody-forming cells in regional lymph nodes and the antibody titres in sera of nu/+ mice were highly variable, between undetectable values of nu/nu and high values of +/+ homozygotes. Intravenous pretreatment with soluble HEL, leading in +/+ mice to a deep hyporeactivity to subsequent immunization with the same antigen, did not decrease the response of nu/+ mice significantly. These results indicate that the immunological alteration of nu/+ mice is not only quantitative and that T cell subpopulations might be differentially modified by the presence of nu allele. The finding of decreased CD4:CD8 ratio in nu/+ mice also supports this idea.

• MeSH
• epitopy imunologie   MeSH
• erytrocyty imunologie   MeSH
• heterozygot MeSH
• imunologická tolerance genetika   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny cytologie   MeSH
• mitogeny farmakologie   MeSH
• muramidasa imunologie   MeSH
• myši nahé genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ovce imunologie   MeSH
• proteiny imunologie   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• sérový albumin imunologie   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek genetika   MeSH
• vaječné proteiny imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• epitopy MeSH
• mitogeny MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• proteiny MeSH
• sérový albumin MeSH
• vaječné proteiny MeSH

Immunological tolerance to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) was induced in mice by one injection of 0.1 mg of HEL intraperitoneally on day 0 (i.e. within the first 24 h after birth). After immunization with the same antigen 8 weeks later, such mice developed markedly lower numbers of specific antibody-forming cells than did the untreated controls. When the tolerized mice were injected with three doses (1 microgram each) of corticosterone (CN) on days 1, 3 and 5, the tolerogenic effect was markedly diminished. However, in adult animals neither the inducibility of tolerance nor the intensity of immune reaction was influenced by the early treatment with CN. No influence of early CN treatment on the in vitro response of spleen cells to T- and B-cell mitogens was found, when tested in adult animals. The results support a view that neonatally induced immunological tolerance to hen egg lysozyme is mediated by a population of antigen-specific regulatory cells, generation of which can be prevented by treatment with CN.

• MeSH
• hemolytická plaková technika MeSH
• imunologická tolerance účinky léků   MeSH
• kortikosteron farmakologie   MeSH
• muramidasa imunologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední CBA MeSH
• myši MeSH
• novorozená zvířata imunologie   MeSH
• vaječné proteiny imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kortikosteron MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• vaječné proteiny MeSH

T cells mediating hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific delayed hypersensitivity can be activated by synthetic peptides of the 1-18 amino acid residues of hen egg lysozyme. The N-terminal 1-18 peptides of hen egg (PHEL) and ring-necked pheasant lysozyme (PREL) are highly cross-reactive in the induction of T cells mediating delayed hypersensitivity. The N-terminal 1-18 peptides of hen egg and ring-necked pheasant lysozyme (PHEL and PREL) are not cross-reactive in the induction of suppressor T cells, demonstrating that phenylalanine at amino acid residue 3 is critical for the formation of an epitope recognized by T suppressor cells.

• MeSH
• epitopy imunologie   MeSH
• kur domácí imunologie   MeSH
• muramidasa imunologie   MeSH
• ovum imunologie   MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty imunologie   MeSH
• pozdní přecitlivělost * MeSH
• ptáci imunologie   MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• epitopy MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty MeSH

A comparative study of the factors of non-specific protection and specific immunity, allergic and autoallergic reactivity during prolonged introduction into the organism of experimental animals of 6 different radioactive and 7 harmful chemical substances was carried out. Qualitative and quantitative peculiarities were found in the changes in immunological reactivity during exposure of the organism to radionuclides and stable chemical compounds. Impairment of immunity plays a substantial role in the course and outcome of affections provoked by chronic effect of the substances examined.

• MeSH
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• diaminy metabolismus   MeSH
• imunita * MeSH
• komplement fixační testy MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lymfoidní tkáň imunologie   MeSH
• muramidasa imunologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• olovo metabolismus   MeSH
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
• radionuklidy * MeSH
• rtuť metabolismus   MeSH
• stroncium metabolismus   MeSH
• voda * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• diaminy MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• olovo MeSH
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
• radionuklidy * MeSH
• rtuť MeSH
• stroncium MeSH
• voda * MeSH