The interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine and receptor family is central to antimicrobial resistance and inflammation in the lung. Mice lacking IL-17A, IL-17F, or the IL-17RA subunit were compared with wild-type mice for susceptibility to airway inflammation in models of infection and allergy. Signaling through IL-17RA was required for efficient microbial clearance and prevention of allergy; in the absence of IL-17RA, signaling through IL-17RC on epithelial cells, predominantly by IL-17F, significantly exacerbated lower airway Aspergillus or Pseudomonas infection and allergic airway inflammation. In contrast, following infection with the upper respiratory pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, the IL-17F/IL-17RC axis mediated protection. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during pulmonary infection; the IL-17F/IL-17RC signaling axis has the potential to significantly worsen pathogen-associated inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in particular, and should be investigated further as a therapeutic target for treating pathological inflammation in the lung.
- Klíčová slova
- ABPA, IL-17F/IL-17RC axis, Th17 immunity, allergy, respiratory infections,
- MeSH
- alergie genetika imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Aspergillus imunologie MeSH
- aspergilóza genetika imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- epitelové buňky imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- interleukin-17 nedostatek genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
- plíce imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- protein - isoformy nedostatek genetika imunologie MeSH
- pseudomonádové infekce genetika imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Pseudomonas imunologie MeSH
- receptory interleukinu-17 nedostatek genetika imunologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- respirační sliznice imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce genetika imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- Il17ra protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
- interleukin-17 MeSH
- protein - isoformy MeSH
- receptory interleukinu-17 MeSH
Hyper-immunoglobulin (Ig)E syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency associated with mutations in STAT3 resulting in impaired development of T helper type 17 (Th17) lymphocytes. HIES patients with a reduced frequency of Th17 cells present with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and/or Candida strains. The same spectrum of pathogens is present in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).We analysed the characteristics of the Th17 compartment in HIES and CGD. HIES patients showed very low numbers of Th17 cells. By contrast, the frequency of Th17 cells and production of Th17-derived cytokines was significantly higher among CGD patients when compared to both control samples and HIES. Naive CD4(+) cells in CGD patients had a normal capacity to differentiate into IL-17-producing cells and the numbers of Th17 cells in the CGD patients normalized following successful bone marrow transplantation. Our findings complement recent data on the importance of Th17 cells for elimination of infections with C. albicans and S. aureus.
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace imunologie MeSH
- buňky Th17 imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- Candida albicans růst a vývoj MeSH
- chronická granulomatózní nemoc genetika imunologie metabolismus patologie terapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- interferon gama imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- interleukin-17 imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- Jobův syndrom genetika imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- kandidóza imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové glykoproteiny genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- NADPH-oxidasa 2 MeSH
- NADPH-oxidasy genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- počet lymfocytů MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus růst a vývoj MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- transkripční faktor STAT3 genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- CYBB protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- interferon gama MeSH
- interleukin-17 MeSH
- membránové glykoproteiny MeSH
- NADPH-oxidasa 2 MeSH
- NADPH-oxidasy MeSH
- transkripční faktor STAT3 MeSH
Caenorhabditis elegans has been increasingly used to study the innate immunity and for the screening of microbe/host-specific pathogenic factors. Staphylococcus aureus-mediated infections with live C. elegans were performed on solid (full-lawn) and liquid assays. S. aureus required 90 ± 10 h for the complete killing of C. elegans, but the infection was started only after 32 h of exposure with 20% inoculum of S. aureus. The short time exposure studies revealed that, in 20% of inoculum, continuous exposure to the pathogen was required for the killing of nematode. In 100% of inoculum, only 8 h of exposure was sufficient to kill the C. elegans. To evaluate kinetically at the innate immune level, the regulation of representative candidate antimicrobial genes was investigated. Both semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR analyses indicated the regulation of candidate immune regulatory genes of lysozyme (lys-7), cysteine protease (cpr-2), and C-type lectin (clec-60 and clec-87) family members during the course of S. aureus infections, indicating the possible contribution of the above players during the host immune response against S. aureus exposures.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- Caenorhabditis elegans genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- cysteinové proteasy genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lektiny typu C genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- muramidasa genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- přirozená imunita * MeSH
- proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce genetika imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus fyziologie MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cysteinové proteasy MeSH
- lektiny typu C MeSH
- muramidasa MeSH
- proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans MeSH
The aim of this study was to determine whether lymphocyte apoptosis is modulated by infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis. Samples of cell populations were obtained by lavage of the mammary glands at 4 intervals (24, 48, 72 and 168 h) following infection. The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes peaked at 168 h after challenge with S. aureus or S. uberis. Subsequent experiments focused on in vitro cultivation of mammary gland lymphocytes with S. aureus and S. uberis. These experiments showed a lower percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes following 3h of cultivating cells with bacteria than after cultivation without bacteria. The results demonstrate that during both experimental infection of bovine mammary glands with S. aureus or S. uberis and during in vitro cultivation of lymphocytes with S. aureus or S. uberis, apoptosis of lymphocytes is delayed.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD2 analýza MeSH
- antigeny povrchové analýza MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- imunoglobulin G analýza MeSH
- lymfocyty cytologie imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat cytologie mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- nemoci skotu imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce imunologie veterinární MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Streptococcus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- streptokokové infekce imunologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny CD2 MeSH
- antigeny povrchové MeSH
- imunoglobulin G MeSH
The influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. vini viable cells on the Staphylococcus aureus-suffering mice was ascertained: (1) effect of S. aureus living cells on antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies, (2) effect of S. aureus on the number of neurons and macroglial cells in different areas of mouse hippocampus, (3) effect of S. cerevisiae var. vini viable cells on the above-mentioned changes of immune and nervous system. Treatment with S. cerevisiae var. vini provokes immune stimulation and change of the total number of macroglial elements in the CA1 field of hippocampus.
- MeSH
- hipokampus patologie MeSH
- histocytochemie MeSH
- mikroglie patologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- mozek patologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neurony patologie MeSH
- probiotika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální krev MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae růst a vývoj MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce imunologie mikrobiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protilátky bakteriální MeSH
This study was undertaken to investigate the time course of surface expression of CD14 on neutrophils and macrophages and to determine their association with resolution of inflammatory responses during Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis experimental mastitis. Infections of the mammary gland induce a local immune response characterized by an increase in the total counts of CD14+ neutrophils and CD14+ macrophages particularly. On the other hand, resolution is accompanied by an increase in relative counts of CD14+ neutrophils, CD14+ vacuolized macrophages and apoptotic neutrophils. Following the immune reaction of mammary gland against Gram-negative/positive bacteria is very similar. Between the apoptotic and CD14+ neutrophils a high correlation was measured during the whole experimental period (S. aureus: r=0.64; S. uberis: r=0.61; P<0.05). Using anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies in vitro suggested the involving of the CD14 surface receptor in recognition of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD14 imunologie MeSH
- apoptóza imunologie MeSH
- fagocytóza imunologie MeSH
- makrofágy imunologie MeSH
- mastitida skotu imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- neutrofily imunologie MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie veterinární MeSH
- skot MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce imunologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus imunologie MeSH
- Streptococcus imunologie MeSH
- streptokokové infekce imunologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny CD14 MeSH
The experiments were carried out in five clinically normal virgin heifers. Before the experimental infection and at 24, 48, 72 and 168 h after the infection, respective mammary glands were rinsed with phosphate buffered saline. Neutrophils as well as macrophages underwent a classic exocytosis accompanied by translocation of lysosomal granules. The granules filled the protuberances of the plasmalemma and after the protuberances separated from the cell, they entered the extracellular space in the shape of round bodies of different sizes. After exocytosis, neutrophils displayed a smaller nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, a greater chromatin density of the nucleus, and an overall smaller size. Macrophages phagocytosed bacteria and/or neutrophils with and without signs of apoptosis (early and late apoptotic respectively) and neutrophils after exocytosis. Macrophages underwent cytolysis that was accompanied by extrusion of granules, phagosomes and phagolysosomes containing phagocytosed bacteria or neutrophils. Confluences were formed in which the process of digestion continued. Apoptosis of neutrophils gradually appeared and intensified in resolution of inflammation. The macrophages contributed to the inactivation of bacterial noxa as well as of histotoxic contents of neutrophils. Nevertheless, macrophages often underwent cytolysis at the site of inflammation.
- MeSH
- apoptóza fyziologie MeSH
- exocytóza * fyziologie MeSH
- fagocytóza * fyziologie MeSH
- makrofágy cytologie fyziologie MeSH
- mastitida skotu imunologie MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie fyziologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce imunologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The author characterizes factors of virulence of Staphylococcus aureus and its different interactions with immune systems of the host. She describes the immune mechanisms which play a key role in the elimination of staphylococcal infection and where inadequate function leads to the development of staphylococcal disease. The author draws attention to the complicated interrelationship of the complex of different virulence factors of staphylococcal strains involved in inhibition and dysregulation or in stimulation of effector mechanisms of immunity.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus patogenita MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The objective of the presented work is to compare the state of the immune system in patients with chronic osteomyelitis with a group of the healthy population. The authors followed up on a long-term basis a group of 24 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of staphylococcal origin; they completed immunological examinations comprising cellular and humoral immunity (in particular assessment of T-lymphocytes and their sub-populations by means of monoclonal antibodies, examination of phagocytic capacities of blood elements, assessment of selected plasma protein and immunoglobulin levels). Comparison of results of these examinations in patients with chronic osteomyelitis and the healthy population proved statistically very significant differences in particular in the number of T-lymphocytes (reduction of T-lymphocytes CD 4+, i.e. helpers, immunity stimulating cells and reduction of the ratio of immunity promoting lymphocytes and immunity inhibiting lymphocytes). The authors found also significant differences in the levels of plasma proteins and immunoglobulins.
- MeSH
- buněčná imunita MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fagocytóza MeSH
- imunoglobuliny analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteomyelitida imunologie MeSH
- podskupiny lymfocytů MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- imunoglobuliny MeSH
The study is concerned with the effect of repeated administration of staphylococcal immunopreparations on the development of a suppurative-inflammatory focus in the foot of the mouse. Subcutaneous administration of large doses of the antigenic complex of the staphylococcus (ACS) obtained by aqueous extraction, antiphagin and native anatoxin failed to induce an increase in sensitivity to staphylococcus. In some cases, the extent of development of the suppurative-inflammatory focus in the mice which had been given these preparations was less than in the control; this is suggestive of their protective effect. When comparing, on this model, the ACS preparations and corpuscular vaccine produced from poorly and highly virulent strains, we observed a more pronounced protective effect in the preparations from the poorly virulents strains. The extent of oedema was greater than in the control when adsorbed anatoxin was administered. The administration of staphylococcal preparations with a therapeutical purpose after staphylococcus infection caused a significant decrease in the size and intensity of manifestation of the suppurative-inflammatory focus in the foot. The model of limb oedema enabled us to reveal the sensitizing and protective effect of the preparations under study.
- MeSH
- antigeny bakteriální imunologie MeSH
- antitoxiny imunologie MeSH
- edém MeSH
- imunizace * MeSH
- myši MeSH
- skupiny zvířecí populace MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce imunologie terapie MeSH
- stafylokokové vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus imunologie patogenita MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antifagin MeSH Prohlížeč
- antigeny bakteriální MeSH
- antitoxiny MeSH
- stafylokokové vakcíny MeSH
