Mast cells (MCs) are long-lived immune cells widely distributed at mucosal surfaces and are among the first immune cell type that can get in contact with the external environment. This study aims to unravel the mechanisms of reciprocal influence between mucosal MCs and Candida albicans as commensal/opportunistic pathogen species in humans. Stimulation of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) with live forms of C. albicans induced the release of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-4. Quite interestingly, BMMCs were able to engulf C. albicans hyphae, rearranging their α-tubulin cytoskeleton and accumulating LAMP1+ vesicles at the phagocytic synapse with the fungus. Candida-infected MCs increased macrophage crawling ability and promoted their chemotaxis against the infection. On the other side, resting MCs inhibited macrophage phagocytosis of C. albicans in a contact-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that MCs play a key role in the maintenance of the equilibrium between the host and the commensal fungus C. albicans, limiting pathological fungal growth and modulating the response of resident macrophages during infections.

• Klíčová slova
• candida, macrophages, mast cells, microbiota, phagocytosis,
• MeSH
• Candida albicans imunologie   MeSH
• cytokiny imunologie   MeSH
• fagocytóza * MeSH
• kandidóza imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• makrofágy imunologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• mastocyty imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• membránové glykoproteiny asociované s lyzozomy imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• Lamp1 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• membránové glykoproteiny asociované s lyzozomy MeSH

Ticks possess components of a primordial complement system that presumably play a role in the interaction of the tick immune system with tick-borne pathogens and affect their transmission. Here we characterized a novel complement component, tagged as IrC2/Bf, from the hard tick Ixodes ricinus, the principal vector of Lyme disease in Europe. IrC2/Bf is a multi-domain molecule composed of 5-7 CCP modules, varied by alternative splicing, followed by a von Willebrand factor A domain and a C-terminal trypsin-like domain. The primary structure and molecular architecture of IrC2/Bf displays the closest homology to the C3-complement component convertases described in horseshoe crabs. The irc2/bf gene is mainly expressed in the tick fat body associated with the trachea and, as determined by western blotting, the protein is present in low amounts in tick hemolymph. Expression of irc2/bf mRNA was significantly up-regulated in response to the intra-hemocoelic injection of the yeast Candida albicans and all tested Borrelia sp. strains (B. burgdorferi NE5264, B. burgdorferi CB26, B. garinii MSLB, B. afzelii CB43), but was not affected by injection of model Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria or the aseptic injection control. In-line with these results, RNAi-mediated silencing of irc2/bf inhibited phagocytosis of B. afzelii and C. albicans but not the other bacteria. Tissue expression profiles, specific responses to microbial challenges, and patterns of phagocytic phenotypes upon RNAi silencing observed for IrC2/Bf match well with the previously reported characteristics of I. ricinus C3-related molecule 1 (IrC3-1). Therefore we presume that IrC2/Bf functions as a convertase in the same complement activation pathway protecting ticks against yeast and Borrelia infection.

• Klíčová slova
• Borrelia, C3-complement convertase, Factor B, Ixodes, Phagocytosis, Tick immunity,
• MeSH
• aktivace komplementu MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi imunologie   MeSH
• Candida albicans imunologie   MeSH
• fagocytóza MeSH
• hemocyty imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
• kandidóza imunologie   MeSH
• klíště imunologie   MeSH
• komplement C3 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc imunologie   MeSH
• malá interferující RNA genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hmyzí proteiny MeSH
• komplement C3 MeSH
• malá interferující RNA MeSH

Hyper-immunoglobulin (Ig)E syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency associated with mutations in STAT3 resulting in impaired development of T helper type 17 (Th17) lymphocytes. HIES patients with a reduced frequency of Th17 cells present with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and/or Candida strains. The same spectrum of pathogens is present in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).We analysed the characteristics of the Th17 compartment in HIES and CGD. HIES patients showed very low numbers of Th17 cells. By contrast, the frequency of Th17 cells and production of Th17-derived cytokines was significantly higher among CGD patients when compared to both control samples and HIES. Naive CD4(+) cells in CGD patients had a normal capacity to differentiate into IL-17-producing cells and the numbers of Th17 cells in the CGD patients normalized following successful bone marrow transplantation. Our findings complement recent data on the importance of Th17 cells for elimination of infections with C. albicans and S. aureus.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace imunologie   MeSH
• buňky Th17 imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Candida albicans růst a vývoj   MeSH
• chronická granulomatózní nemoc genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• homologní transplantace MeSH
• interferon gama imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-17 imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Jobův syndrom genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• kandidóza imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové glykoproteiny genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasa 2 MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• počet lymfocytů MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus růst a vývoj   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• transkripční faktor STAT3 genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• CYBB protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• interferon gama MeSH
• interleukin-17 MeSH
• membránové glykoproteiny MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasa 2 MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy MeSH
• transkripční faktor STAT3 MeSH

Enhancement of the immune response leading to protection against bacterial and fungal infections was shown using different schedules of immunization with microbial pigments and a polysaccharide. The group of mice given carotenoids of Rhodotorula glutinis (preparation I) and polysaccharide of Spitulina platensis (IV) survived for 2 weeks after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The groups of mice given carotenoids (I), polysaccharide (IV), I+IV and with the crude phycocyanin of S. platensis (III)+IV survived for 2 weeks after Candida albicans infection. All other groups recorded a maximum level of mortality reaching 2 mice per group either after immunization or post-infection. Adding the carotenoids, phycocyanin and polysaccharides to food as additives might therefore enhance the human immune response against microbial infections.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• Candida albicans imunologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• imunologické faktory aplikace a dávkování   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kandidóza imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• karotenoidy izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• pseudomonádové infekce imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa imunologie   MeSH
• Rhodotorula chemie   MeSH
• Spirulina chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunologické faktory MeSH
• karotenoidy MeSH

Candidiases, infections caused by germination forms of the Candida fungus, represent a heterogeneous group of diseases from systemic infection, through mucocutaneous form, to vulvovaginal form. Although caused by one organism, each form is controlled by distinct host immune mechanisms. Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclears and macrophages is generally accepted as the host immune mechanism for Candida elimination. Phagocytes require proinflammatory cytokine stimulation which could be harmful and must be regulated during the course of infection by the activity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. In the vaginal tissue the phagocytes are inefficient and inflammation is generally an unwanted reaction because it could damage mucosal tissue and break the tolerance to common vagina antigens including the otherwise saprophyting Candida yeast. Recurrent form of vulvovaginal candidiasis is probably associated with breaking of such tolerance. Beside the phagocytosis, specific antibodies, complement, and mucosal epithelial cell comprise Candida eliminating immune mechanisms. They are regulated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells which produce cytokines IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-10, TGF-beta, etc. as the response to signals from dendritic cells specialized to sense actual Candida morphotypes. During the course of Candida infection proinflammatory signals (if initially necessary) are replaced successively by antiinflammatory signals. This balance is absolutely distinct during each candidiasis form and it is crucial to describe and understand the basic principles before designing new therapeutic and/or preventive approaches.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• Candida klasifikace   imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• fagocytóza MeSH
• kandidóza farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přenašečství imunologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita imunologie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifungální látky MeSH

An indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect antibodies to Candida albicans blastospores and germ tubes. Serum specimens were obtained from 82 patients with neoplastic diseases in the orofacial region and thrush of the oral mucosa. C. albicans was identified in the oral cavity of 63 patients investigated but serum anti-Candida antibodies were detected in only 23 of them. Serological examination showed that titers of antibodies to C. albicans blastospores ranged from 1:20 to 1:1280. High titers from 1:640 to 1:1280 were detected in patients without antibiotic, cytostatic, or radiotherapeutic treatment. The titers of antibodies to C. albicans germ tubes ranged from 1:20 to 1:640. Our results indicate that titers of antibodies to the C. albicans germ tubes were lower and were detected in a smaller number of patients.

• MeSH
• Candida albicans imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika nepřímá MeSH
• kandidóza komplikace   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• karcinom krev   komplikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory úst krev   komplikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• orální kandidóza komplikace   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• protilátky fungální krev   MeSH
• ústní sliznice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky fungální MeSH

Anti-Candida antibodies were determined in a group of preterm neonates from a neonatal intensive care unit with serious diseases including candidemia. Antibodies to C. albicans blastospores, i.e. antibodies to C. albicans surface mannan and to C. albicans germ tubes were detected. Higher titers of antibodies to blastospores (1:320) occurred in all patients examined while antibodies to C. albicans germ tubes (with the highest titer of 1:160) were present in 32 out of 66 neonates examined. The highest titers of both anti-C. albicans blastospore antibodies and anti-C. albicans germ tube antibodies were detected in neonates with candidemia and disorders of saccharide metabolism.

• MeSH
• Candida albicans růst a vývoj   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče o novorozence statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kandidóza krev   diagnóza   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci nedonošenců epidemiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protilátky fungální krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky fungální MeSH

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in systemic vasculitis. We have investigated the effect of 10 sera from 8 patients with ANCA-associated diseases on the capacity of neutrophils derived from healthy persons to kill ingested Candida albicans. ANCA-containing sera inhibited candidacidal activity by 55-80% in comparison to control sera. This phenomenon could lead to the depression of antimicrobial resistance of patients with ANCA and could be involved in the pathogenesis of granuloma formation.

• MeSH
• autoprotilátky imunologie   MeSH
• Candida albicans * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• granulomatóza s polyangiitidou imunologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• kandidóza imunologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neutrofily imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky proti cytoplazmě neutrofilů MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• protilátky proti cytoplazmě neutrofilů MeSH

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• imunoterapie * MeSH
• kandidóza vulvovaginální terapie   MeSH
• kandidóza imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• cytosin analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• flucytosin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunosupresivní léčba * MeSH
• kandidóza farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytosin MeSH
• flucytosin MeSH