Candidiases, infections caused by germination forms of the Candida fungus, represent a heterogeneous group of diseases from systemic infection, through mucocutaneous form, to vulvovaginal form. Although caused by one organism, each form is controlled by distinct host immune mechanisms. Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclears and macrophages is generally accepted as the host immune mechanism for Candida elimination. Phagocytes require proinflammatory cytokine stimulation which could be harmful and must be regulated during the course of infection by the activity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. In the vaginal tissue the phagocytes are inefficient and inflammation is generally an unwanted reaction because it could damage mucosal tissue and break the tolerance to common vagina antigens including the otherwise saprophyting Candida yeast. Recurrent form of vulvovaginal candidiasis is probably associated with breaking of such tolerance. Beside the phagocytosis, specific antibodies, complement, and mucosal epithelial cell comprise Candida eliminating immune mechanisms. They are regulated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells which produce cytokines IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-10, TGF-beta, etc. as the response to signals from dendritic cells specialized to sense actual Candida morphotypes. During the course of Candida infection proinflammatory signals (if initially necessary) are replaced successively by antiinflammatory signals. This balance is absolutely distinct during each candidiasis form and it is crucial to describe and understand the basic principles before designing new therapeutic and/or preventive approaches.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• Candida klasifikace   imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• fagocytóza MeSH
• kandidóza farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přenašečství imunologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita imunologie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifungální látky MeSH

Preventive vaccination by a hsp90-expressing DNA vaccine and recombinant hsp90 protein vaccine, both derived from the Candida albicans hsp90 using BALB-c mouse model of systemic candidiasis, was performed. Hsp90 mRNA was cloned from a clinical isolate of C. albicans, converted to cDNA and cloned into vaccination plasmid pVAX1. Two methods of DNA application were tested: intramuscular (i.m.) and intradermal (i.d.) injection. Recombinant protein was applied by i.d. injection with Freund's adjuvant; the control groups received PBS or Freund's adjuvant only. Mice were vaccinated and after 19 d re-vaccinated. After 3 weeks, the mice were challenged with the live C. albicans in a dose of 5 x 10(6) CFU per mouse. After the challenge, the mice vaccinated i.d. with DNA vaccine survived for 39 and 64% longer compared to those receiving Freund's adjuvant and/or PBS, respectively. The i.m. application of the DNA vaccine did not provide any significant protectivity. The serum level of anti-candida-hsp90 serum IgG antibodies correlated with the survival rate in both i.d. protein and DNA vaccination approaches. We stressed the importance of specific humoral immunity in the mouse model of systemic candidiasis.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• Candida albicans imunologie   MeSH
• DNA vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• Freundovo adjuvans MeSH
• fungální vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• injekce intradermální MeSH
• injekce intramuskulární MeSH
• kandidóza prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP90 aplikace a dávkování   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky fungální krev   MeSH
• subjednotkové vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• syntetické vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA vakcíny MeSH
• Freundovo adjuvans MeSH
• fungální vakcíny MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP90 MeSH
• protilátky fungální MeSH
• subjednotkové vakcíny MeSH
• syntetické vakcíny MeSH

Reactive NO metabolites play a distinct role in the control of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST; a facultative intracellular pathogen) in susceptible host. A significant increase of nitrite and/or nitrate plasma levels, 3-nitro-tyrosine expression and pathological changes in mesenteric lymph nodes have been observed in gnotobiotic piglets orally infected for 1 d with a virulent strain of ST but not in piglets infected with a rough mutant of ST.

• MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• fagocytóza MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely MeSH
• imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
• játra ultrastruktura   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mezenterium MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• oxid dusnatý metabolismus   MeSH
• plíce ultrastruktura   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium patogenita   MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• střeva ultrastruktura   MeSH
• tyrosin analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 3-nitrotyrosine MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• tyrosin MeSH