Early Palaeozoic sites with soft-tissue preservation are predominantly found in Cambrian rocks and tend to capture past tropical and temperate ecosystems. In this study, we describe the diversity and preservation of the Cabrières Biota, a newly discovered Early Ordovician Lagerstätte from Montagne Noire, southern France. The Cabrières Biota showcases a diverse polar assemblage of both biomineralized and soft-bodied organisms predominantly preserved in iron oxides. Echinoderms are extremely scarce, while sponges and algae are abundantly represented. Non-biomineralized arthropod fragments are also preserved, along with faunal elements reminiscent of Cambrian Burgess Shale-type ecosystems, such as armoured lobopodians. The taxonomic diversity observed in the Cabrières Biota mixes Early Ordovician Lagerstätten taxa with Cambrian forms. By potentially being the closest Lagerstätte to the South Pole, the Cabrières Biota probably served as a biotic refuge amid the high-water temperatures of the Early Ordovician, and shows comparable ecological structuring to modern polar communities.
- MeSH
- členovci * MeSH
- Echinodermata MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- společenstvo MeSH
- zkameněliny MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We report that the immunogenicity of colloidal gold nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-AuNPs) in a model organism, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, can function as a proxy for humans for in vitro immunological studies. To profile the immune recognition and interaction from exposure to PVP-AuNPs (1 and 10 μg mL-1), we applied an extensive nano-scale approach, including particle physicochemical characterisation involving immunology, cellular biology, and metabolomics. The interaction between PVP-AuNPs and soluble proteins of the sea urchin physiological coelomic fluid (blood equivalent) results in the formation of a protein "corona" surrounding the NPs from three major proteins that influence the hydrodynamic size and colloidal stability of the particle. At the lower concentration of PVP-AuNPs, the P. lividus phagocytes show a broad metabolic plasticity based on the biosynthesis of metabolites mediating inflammation and phagocytosis. At the higher concentration of PVP-AuNPs, phagocytes activate an immunological response involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling pathway at 24 hours of exposure. These results emphasise that exposure to PVP-AuNPs drives inflammatory signalling by the phagocytes and the resolution at both the low and high concentrations of the PVP-AuNPs and provides more details regarding the immunogenicity of these NPs.
- Klíčová slova
- Immune metabolic rewiring, Immunoreactivity, Innate defence response, Nano-recognition, Sea urchin immune cells,
- MeSH
- fagocyty MeSH
- kovové nanočástice * toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Paracentrotus * MeSH
- povidon MeSH
- zlato MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- povidon MeSH
- zlato MeSH
- MeSH
- Echinodermata * MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- zkameněliny * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- komentáře MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are revolutionizing biomedicine due to their potential application as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, the TiO2NP immune-compatibility remains an open issue, even for ethical reasons. In this work, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of TiO2NPs in an emergent proxy to human non-mammalian model for in vitro basic and translational immunology: the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. To highlight on the new insights into the evolutionarily conserved intracellular signaling and metabolism pathways involved in immune-TiO2NP recognition/interaction we applied a wide-ranging approach, including electron microscopy, biochemistry, transcriptomics and metabolomics. Findings highlight that TiO2NPs interact with immune cells suppressing the expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in immune response and apoptosis (e.g. NF-κB, FGFR2, JUN, MAPK14, FAS, VEGFR, Casp8), and boosting the immune cell antioxidant metabolic activity (e.g. pentose phosphate, cysteine-methionine, glycine-serine metabolism pathways). TiO2NP uptake was circumscribed to phagosomes/phagolysosomes, depicting harmless vesicular internalization. Our findings underlined that under TiO2NP-exposure sea urchin innate immune system is able to control inflammatory signaling, excite antioxidant metabolic activity and acquire immunological tolerance, providing a new level of understanding of the TiO2NP immune-compatibility that could be useful for the development in Nano medicines.
- Klíčová slova
- Homeostasis restoring, Human gene networks, Innate immunity, Metabolic rewiring, TiO(2)NP-responsive genes,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- fagocytóza účinky léků MeSH
- genetická transkripce účinky léků MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- nanočástice toxicita MeSH
- Paracentrotus cytologie účinky léků imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- přirozená imunita účinky léků genetika MeSH
- titan toxicita MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- titan MeSH
- titanium dioxide MeSH Prohlížeč
Extensive exploitation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) augments rapid release into the marine environment. When in contact with the body fluids of marine invertebrates, TiO2NPs undergo a transformation and adhere various organic molecules that shape a complex protein corona prior to contacting cells and tissues. To elucidate the potential extracellular signals that may be involved in the particle recognition by immune cells of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, we investigated the behavior of TiO2NPs in contact with extracellular proteins in vitro. Our findings indicate that TiO2NPs are able to interact with sea urchin proteins in both cell-free and cell-conditioned media. The two-dimensional proteome analysis of the protein corona bound to TiO2NP revealed that negatively charged proteins bound preferentially to the particles. The main constituents shaping the sea urchin cell-conditioned TiO2NP protein corona were proteins involved in cellular adhesion (Pl-toposome, Pl-galectin-8, Pl-nectin) and cytoskeletal organization (actin and tubulin). Immune cells (phagocytes) aggregated TiO2NPs on the outer cell surface and within well-organized vesicles without eliciting harmful effects on the biological activities of the cells. Cells showed an active metabolism, no oxidative stress or caspase activation. These results provide a new level of understanding of the extracellular proteins involved in the immune-TiO2NP recognition and interaction in vitro, confirming that primary immune cell cultures from P. lividus can be an optional model for swift and efficient immune-toxicological investigations.
- Klíčová slova
- biocorona, echinoderm, extracellular signaling, immune-adhesome, in vitro-ex vivo model, proxy to human,
- MeSH
- buněčná adheze imunologie MeSH
- fagocyty imunologie MeSH
- galektiny imunologie MeSH
- glykoproteiny imunologie MeSH
- ježovky imunologie MeSH
- nanočástice aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- nektiny imunologie MeSH
- Paracentrotus imunologie MeSH
- proteinová korona imunologie MeSH
- proteom imunologie MeSH
- titan imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- galektiny MeSH
- glykoproteiny MeSH
- nektiny MeSH
- proteinová korona MeSH
- proteom MeSH
- titan MeSH
- titanium dioxide MeSH Prohlížeč
- toposome glycoprotein complex MeSH Prohlížeč
The effects of therapeutic or preventive-therapeutic administration of water-soluble echinochrome analog U-441 on arrhythmia severity assessed by a set of myocardial spatio-temporal depolarization and repolarization parameters were examined on the model of acute myocardial ischemia in cats. Coronary occlusion increased activation time and decreased repolarization time in the ischemic zone; in addition, it increased both global and borderline (local) dispersions of repolarization. The linear regression model showed that only activation time values measured at the initial state and at termination of occlusion were associated with total arrhythmia score during ischemia (regression coefficient β=0.338, 95%CI=0.074-0.602, p=0.015 and β=0.720, 95%CI=0.323-1.117, p=0.001, respectively). The study revealed no association between administration of echinochrome analog U-441 and arrhythmia severity.
- Klíčová slova
- cats, echinochrome analog U-441, ischemia, predictors, ventricular arrhythmias,
- MeSH
- antiarytmika izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- ischemická choroba srdeční farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- ježovky chemie MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- koronární okluze chirurgie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myokard patologie MeSH
- naftochinony izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- převodní systém srdeční účinky léků patofyziologie MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- srdeční arytmie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- terapie neúspěšná MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antiarytmika MeSH
- echinochrome A MeSH Prohlížeč
- naftochinony MeSH
- voda MeSH
Specimens of Syndesmis aethopharynx Westervelt & Kozloff, 1990 (Umagillidae, Rhabdocoela, Platyhelminthes) were collected from the intestine of several specimens of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) [2], Hansson, 2001 at the Greek coast. This represents the first report of a species of Syndesmis from Greece. Our study has revealed several previously-unreported morphological details and intraspecific variation, which are added to the species description. The position of S. aethopharynx within Umagillidae is confirmed for the first time through molecular data (based on nuclear 18S rDNA), using both Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses.
- Klíčová slova
- Echinoidea, Marine microturbellarians, Phylogeny, Taxonomy,
- MeSH
- DNA helmintů genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita * MeSH
- Paracentrotus parazitologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
- Turbellaria anatomie a histologie genetika fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Řecko MeSH
- Středozemní moře MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA helmintů MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S MeSH
This study was carried out in the framework of the ICON project (Integrated Assessment of Contaminant Impacts on the North Sea) (Hylland et al., 2015) and aimed (1) to evaluate the toxicity of marine sediments using a battery of rapid toxicity bioassays, and; (2) to explore the applicability and data interpretation of in vitro toxicity profiling of sediment extracts obtained from ex situ passive sampling. Sediment samples were collected at 12 selected (estuarine, coastal, offshore) sites in the North Sea, Icelandic waters (as reference sites), south-western Baltic Sea and western Mediterranean during autumn 2008. Organic extracts using a mild non-destructive clean-up procedure were prepared from total sediment and silicone passive samplers and tested with five in vitro bioassays: DR-Luc bioassay, ER-Luc bioassay, AR-EcoScreen bioassay, transthyretin (TTR) binding assay, and Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence bioassay. In vitro toxicity profiling of total sediment and silicone passive sampler extracts showed the presence of multiple organic contaminations by arylhydrocarbon receptor agonists (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and endocrine-active compounds, as well as non-specific toxicity caused by organic contaminants, at virtually all sampling sites. In vitro responses to total sediment extracts from coastal/estuarine sites were significantly different from those in offshore sites (p < 0.05). Several bioassays of passive sampler extracts showed highest activity in some offshore sediment samples. Impact on embryogenesis success and larval growth in undiluted sediment elutriates was shown at some sites using the in vivo sea urchin embryo test. The observed toxicity profiles could only partially be explained by the chemical target analysis, indicating the presence of unknown or unanalysed biologically-active compounds in the sediments. In vitro bioassay testing with silicone passive sampler extracts of sediments is a promising tool to assess the toxic potency of the bioavailable fraction of hydrophobic sediment contaminants, but further work will be needed before it can be routinely applied for sediment quality assessment.
- Klíčová slova
- In vitro bioassay, Larval bioassay, Passive sampling, Sediment elutriates, Sediment extracts, Sediment pollution, Sediment toxicity, Toxicity profiling,
- MeSH
- Aliivibrio fischeri MeSH
- biotest MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- ježovky MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky toxicita MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků MeSH
- testy toxicity metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Severní moře MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků MeSH
This study was undertaken to evaluate possible antiallergic effects of an extract of pigments from green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) shells. Effects were studied on animal models - guinea pig ileum contraction, rabbit eyes allergic conjunctivitis, and rabbit local skin irritation. The extract significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the histamine-induced contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum with ID50 =1.2 µg/mL (in equivalents of spinochrome B), had an inhibitory effect on the model of ocular allergic inflammation surpassing the reference drug olopatadine, and did not show any irritating effect in rabbits. The extract predominantly contained polyhydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone which would be responsible for the pharmacological activity. The active compounds of the extract were evaluated in silico with molecular docking. Molecular docking into H1R receptor structures obtained from molecular dynamic simulations showed that all spinochrome derivatives bind to the receptor active site, but spinochrome monomers fit better to it. The results of the present study suggest possibilities for the development of new agents for treating allergic diseases on the base of pigments from sea urchins shells.
- MeSH
- alergická konjunktivitida farmakoterapie MeSH
- antialergika chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- biologické pigmenty chemie MeSH
- dibenzoxepiny farmakologie MeSH
- histamin farmakologie MeSH
- ileum účinky léků MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- kůže účinky léků MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- naftochinony chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- olopatadin MeSH
- simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
- skořápky zvířat chemie MeSH
- Strongylocentrotus chemie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 1,4-naphthoquinone MeSH Prohlížeč
- antialergika MeSH
- biologické pigmenty MeSH
- dibenzoxepiny MeSH
- histamin MeSH
- naftochinony MeSH
- olopatadin MeSH
- spinochrome A MeSH Prohlížeč
Haloalkane dehalogenases are known as bacterial enzymes cleaving a carbon-halogen bond in halogenated compounds. Here we report the first biochemically characterized non-microbial haloalkane dehalogenase DspA from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The enzyme shows a preference for terminally brominated hydrocarbons and enantioselectivity towards β-brominated alkanes. Moreover, we identified other putative haloalkane dehalogenases of eukaryotic origin, representing targets for future experiments to discover dehalogenases with novel catalytic properties.
- Klíčová slova
- CD, Catalytic activity, Enantioselectivity, Eukaryotic haloalkane dehalogenase, Gene mining, IPTG, PCA, Principle Component Analysis, Substrate specificity, T(m), circular dichroism, isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside, melting temperature,
- MeSH
- cirkulární dichroismus MeSH
- halogeny chemie MeSH
- hydrolasy chemie genetika MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- klonování DNA MeSH
- regulace genové exprese enzymů MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin genetika MeSH
- Strongylocentrotus purpuratus enzymologie genetika MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- uhlík chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- haloalkane dehalogenase MeSH Prohlížeč
- halogeny MeSH
- hydrolasy MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
