ADHD is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder and is characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and are often accompanied by learning and memory impairment. Great evidence has shown that learning and memory impairment of ADHD plays an important role in its executive function deficits, which seriously affects the development of academic, cognitive and daily social skills and will cause a serious burden on families and society. With the increasing attention paid to learning and memory impairment in ADHD, relevant research is gradually increasing. In this article, we will present the current research results of learning and memory impairment in ADHD from the following aspects. Firstly, the animal models of ADHD, which display the core symptoms of ADHD as well as with learning and memory impairment. Secondly, the molecular mechanism of has explored, including some neurotransmitters, receptors, RNAs, etc. Thirdly, the susceptibility gene of ADHD related to the learning and impairment in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis. Key words: Learning and memory, ADHD, Review.
- MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha * psychologie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- paměť MeSH
- poruchy paměti * psychologie etiologie MeSH
- poruchy učení psychologie etiologie MeSH
- učení MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The present study describes a novel Forced-Choice Response (FCR) index for detecting poor effort on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). This retrospective study analyzes the performance of 4 groups on the new index: clinically referred patients with suspected dementia, forensic patients identified as not exhibiting adequate effort on other measures of response bias, students who simulated poor effort, and a large normative sample collected in the Gulf State of Oman. Using sensitivity and specificity analyses, the study shows that much like the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition FCR index, the RAVLT FCR index misses a proportion of individuals with inadequate effort (low sensitivity), but those who fail this measure are highly likely to be exhibiting poor effort (high specificity). The limitations and benefits of utilizing the RAVLT FCR index in clinical practice are discussed.
- Klíčová slova
- Assessment/diagnosis, memory, tests,
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace MeSH
- demence komplikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- poruchy učení diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rozpoznávání (psychologie) fyziologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- soudní psychiatrie MeSH
- verbální učení fyziologie MeSH
- výběrové chování fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A study was conducted to compare the quality of life (QOL) of surgically versus endovascularly treated patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: We treated 45 patients surgically (surgical clipping [SC] group) and 44 by endovascular therapy (coil embolization [CE] group). A standardized test of QOL and a structured interview were employed to assess changes 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). One neurosurgical team using the same treatment protocols treated all patients. The SC and CE groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, education, aneurysm size, Hunt and Hess grade, Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, and intelligence quotient (IQ). RESULTS: Generally, the patients reported psychological changes (impairment in memory, 47%; concentration, 20%; and ability to learn new things, 12%), which they subjectively related to SAH. On the one hand, 31% of the patients believed that close relatives noticed changes in their psychological condition as a result of the intervention. On the other hand, 61% reported an unaltered economic situation, 51% were well adjusted in work, and 70% claimed their family relationships remained unchanged. In comparison with the controls, patients claimed to have lower QOL in the areas of sexuality, love, psychic well-being, physical autonomy, and health. No differences in QOL were found between the SE and CE groups. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in QOL in the patients treated by either coiling or clipping were small and nonsignificant. Participants in both groups mentioned lower QOL in the areas of intimate relationships and health.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endovaskulární výkony metody MeSH
- Glasgowská stupnice následků MeSH
- inteligenční testy MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony metody MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- osobní autonomie MeSH
- poruchy paměti etiologie MeSH
- poruchy učení etiologie MeSH
- pozornost MeSH
- prasklé aneurysma chirurgie MeSH
- sexualita MeSH
- subarachnoidální krvácení psychologie chirurgie MeSH
- terapeutická embolizace MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zdravotní stav MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We tested the relation between a single short tonic-clonic seizure elicited by flurothyl vapors and changes of learning in Morris water maze (MWM) in Wistar rats. Oxidative stress usually accompanies seizures. Large melatonin doses were applied immediately before and after seizures to test consequences on learning impairment. One hour of hypobaric hypoxia (8000 m) three days prior to the seizure served as an activator of intrinsic antioxidant systems. Learning in MWM (7 days) started 24 h after seizures. Following seizures, latencies in MWM were longer than in controls and were shortened by hypoxia and preventive melatonin application. Melatonin was also applied before hypoxia to influence free radical (FR) production and intrinsic antioxidant activation. Some behavioral characteristics were changed and preconditioning effect of hypoxia was reduced. Melatonin after seizure (150 s and 6 h) had negligible effect. Results allow us to hypothesize about the role of FR and the beneficial effect of melatonin on the behavioral consequences of seizures.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- antioxidancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- automatismus etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- bludiště - učení účinky léků MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- flurothyl toxicita MeSH
- hematoencefalická bariéra účinky léků patofyziologie MeSH
- hypoxie komplikace MeSH
- konvulziva toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- melatonin terapeutické užití MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- poruchy učení etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- reakční čas účinky léků MeSH
- záchvaty chemicky indukované komplikace patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- flurothyl MeSH
- konvulziva MeSH
- melatonin MeSH
In the article, we describe a rare case: a 52-year-old male patient with an isolated lesion of the anterior thalamic nuclei in the dominant hemisphere due to an ischemic stroke. The patient's syndrome of disordered verbal fluency, working memory, learning and executive functions is seen as a part of a lesion in the dorsolateral complex circuit. During the following 6 months, we observed significant improvement in visual learning, recent memory and categorisation of subjects, while verbal learning and visuospatial planning remained insufficient. In this context, the preservation of thalamic structures in different types of cognitive deterioration is discussed.
- MeSH
- afekt MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda patologie patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- funkční lateralita fyziologie MeSH
- ischemie mozku patologie psychologie MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mozkový krevní oběh MeSH
- nemoci thalamu patologie psychologie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- nuclei anteriores thalami krevní zásobení patologie MeSH
- poruchy paměti etiologie psychologie MeSH
- poruchy učení etiologie psychologie MeSH
- pozornost fyziologie MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- verbální chování fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Our previous studies showed that the nootropic drug Cerebrolysin, applied immediately after the traumatic or excitotoxic brain lesion influenced spatial learning and memory. Long-lasting ameliorative effect of Cerebrolysin was found after its 4-week-administration, while two-week-treatment had only temporal effect. With the aim to verify the capability of Cerebrolysin to restore chronically deteriorated learning and memory. The drug was applied 4 months after lesioning the rat's CNS. The present study shows that Cerebrolysin restored learning capability of the lesioned rats. Although their spatial memory was improved in comparison to lesion untreated controls, it did not reach the level of intact controls. The effect was more pronounced after the application of 1.25 ml/kg b. w. of Cerebrolysin than after the application of 2.5 ml/kg b. w.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- nootropní látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- poranění mozku komplikace patologie psychologie MeSH
- poruchy paměti farmakoterapie etiologie MeSH
- poruchy učení farmakoterapie etiologie MeSH
- potkani Long-Evans MeSH
- vnímání prostoru účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aminokyseliny MeSH
- cerebrolysin MeSH Prohlížeč
- nootropní látky MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy učení * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozená zvířata MeSH
- poruchy učení etiologie MeSH
- potravinová deprivace * MeSH
- sociální izolace * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- adaptace psychologická MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- poruchy učení etiologie MeSH
- práce * MeSH
- psychologie adolescentů * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
