The mouse third molar (M3) develops postnatally and is thus a unique model for studying the integration of a non-mineralized tooth with mineralized bone. This study assessed the morphogenesis of the mouse M3, related to the alveolar bone, comparing M3 development with that of the first molar (M1), the most common model in odontogenesis. The mandibular M3 was evaluated from initiation to eruption by morphology and by assessing patterns of proliferation, apoptosis, osteoclast distribution, and gene expression. Three-dimensional reconstruction and explant cultures were also used. Initiation of M3 occurred perinatally, as an extension of the second molar (M2) which grew into a region of soft mesenchymal tissue above the M2, still far away from the alveolar bone. The bone-free M3 bud gradually became encapsulated by bone at the cap stage at postnatal day 3. Osteoclasts were first visible at postnatal day 4 when the M3 came into close contact with the bone. The number of osteoclasts increased from postnatal day 8 to postnatal day 12 to form a space for the growing tooth. The M3 had erupted by postnatal day 26. The M3, although smaller than the M1, passed through the same developmental stages over a similar time span but showed differences in initiation and in the timing of bone encapsulation.

• MeSH
• apoptóza fyziologie   MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• fibroblastový růstový faktor 4 analýza   MeSH
• hybridizace in situ MeSH
• izoenzymy analýza   MeSH
• kalcifikace zubů fyziologie   MeSH
• kyselá fosfatasa rezistentní k tartarátu MeSH
• kyselá fosfatasa analýza   MeSH
• mandibula anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• molár třetí anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• moláry anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• morfogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• odontogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• orgán skloviny anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• osteoblasty fyziologie   MeSH
• osteogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• osteoklasty fyziologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• processus alveolaris anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• prořezávání zubů fyziologie   MeSH
• proteiny hedgehog analýza   MeSH
• resorpce kosti patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• techniky tkáňových kultur MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• zubní kořen anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zubní zárodek anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• Fgf4 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• fibroblastový růstový faktor 4 MeSH
• izoenzymy MeSH
• kyselá fosfatasa rezistentní k tartarátu MeSH
• kyselá fosfatasa MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH
• proteiny hedgehog MeSH
• Shh protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč

The minipig provides an excellent experimental model for tooth morphogenesis because its diphyodont and heterodont dentition resemble that of humans. However, little information is available on the processes of tooth development in the pig. The purpose of this study was to classify the early stages of odontogenesis in minipigs from the initiation of deciduous dentition to the late bell stage when the successional dental lamina begins to develop. To analyze the initiation of teeth anlagens and the structural changes of dental lamina, a three-dimensional (3D) analysis was performed. At the earliest stage, 3D reconstruction revealed a continuous dental lamina along the length of the jaw. Later, the dental lamina exhibited remarkable differences in depth, and the interdental lamina was shorter. The dental lamina grew into the mesenchyme in the lingual direction, and its inclined growth was underlined by asymmetrical cell proliferation. After the primary tooth germ reached the late bell stage, the dental lamina began to disintegrate and fragmentize. Some cells disappeared during the process of lamina degradation, while others remained in small islands known as epithelial pearls. The minipig can therefore, inter alia, be used as a model organism to study the fate of epithelial pearls from their initiation to their contribution to pathological structures, primarily because of the clinical significance of these epithelial rests.

• MeSH
• bazální membrána embryologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• dentin embryologie   MeSH
• epitel embryologie   MeSH
• mezoderm embryologie   MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• morfogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• odontoblasty cytologie   MeSH
• odontogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• orgán skloviny embryologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• premolár embryologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• řezáky embryologie   MeSH
• špičák embryologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• zubní zárodek embryologie   MeSH
• zuby mléčné embryologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) uniquely allows the selection of specific cell populations from histological sections. These selected cells are then catapulted into a test tube without any contamination from surrounding tissues. During the last ten years, many significant results have been achieved, particularly at the level of DNA and RNA where amplification techniques are available. However, where amplification procedures are difficult, the benefits of LCM diminish. To overcome such difficulties, a novel approach, combining laser capture microdissection and flow cytometry, has been tested here for detection of apoptosis and proliferation in tissue bound cell populations without any amplification steps. The mouse cap stage molar tooth germ was used as a model. At the centre of the inner enamel epithelium, the primary enamel knot is a clearly defined apoptotic population with minimal proliferation, flanked by the highly proliferative cervical loops on each side. Thus within the tooth germ epithelium at this stage, two distinct populations of cells are found side by side. These populations were selected by laser capture microdissection and then analysed by flow cytometry for apoptosis and proliferation. Flow cytometric results correlated well with immunohistochemical findings, demonstrating the success and sensitivity of this combined procedure.

• MeSH
• apoptóza fyziologie   MeSH
• epitelové buňky cytologie   MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• koncové značení zlomů DNA in situ MeSH
• kryoprezervace MeSH
• laserová terapie metody   MeSH
• mikrodisekce metody   MeSH
• moláry embryologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• orgán skloviny cytologie   MeSH
• počet buněk MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie * MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• zubní krček cytologie   embryologie   MeSH
• zubní zárodek cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH

During molar development, apoptosis occurs in a well-characterised pattern suggesting several roles for cell death in odontogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms of dental apoptosis are only poorly understood. In this study, Apaf-1 and caspase-9 knockouts were used to uncover the engagement of these members of the apoptotic machinery during early tooth development, concentrating primarily on their function in the apoptotic elimination of primary enamel knot cells. Molar tooth germ morphology, proliferation and apoptosis were investigated on frontal histological sections of murine heads at embryonic days (ED) 15.5, the stage when the primary enamel knot is eliminated apoptotically. In molar tooth germs of both knockouts, no apoptosis was observed according to morphological (haematoxylin-eosin) as well as biochemical criteria (TUNEL). Morphology of the mutant tooth germs, however, was not changed. Additionally, knockout mice showed no changes in proliferation compared to wild type mice. According to our findings on knockout embryos, Apaf-1 and caspase-9 are involved in apoptosis during tooth development; however, they seem dispensable and not necessary for proper tooth shaping. Compensatory or other mechanisms of cell death may act to eliminate the primary enamel knot cells in the absence of Apaf-1 and caspase-9.

• MeSH
• apoptóza fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné dělení fyziologie   MeSH
• epitelové buňky cytologie   MeSH
• faktor 1 aktivující apoptotickou proteasu nedostatek   MeSH
• kaspasa 9 nedostatek   MeSH
• mezoderm fyziologie   MeSH
• moláry embryologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• zubní sklovina embryologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• zubní zárodek anatomie a histologie   embryologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Apaf1 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• faktor 1 aktivující apoptotickou proteasu MeSH
• kaspasa 9 MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH

Clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses of 2 osteoclastic giant cell tumors of the pancreas are presented. The neoplasms were composed of osteoclastic giant cells and pleomorphic cells (PCs). The tissue-specific markers gave evidence of mesenchymal nature of the osteoclastic giant cells, as well as other components of the tumor, and lacked any signs of epithelial differentiation in both patients. The nonepithelial nature of both components in the osteoclastic giant cell tumors presented may be associated with a better prognosis, which corresponds to the previous reports of similar neoplasms. A positive immunoreactivity to neuron-specific enolase was recorded in patient 2. The presence of CD68 in osteoclastic giant cells proved their histiocytic nature. Both components of the tumors showed a negative immunoreactivity to desmin and only a scattered reactivity to smooth muscle cell actin, typical markers of myofibroblastic differentiation. Mutation analysis of the tumor revealed the wild state of both p53 and K-ras oncogenes in both patients. A positive immunoreactivity for p53 in PCs of both osteoclastic giant cell tumors was recorded, whereas osteoclastic giant cells did not express this protein. The expression of p21 was recorded in osteoclastic giant cells in patient 1. The absence of Ki-67 in the osteoclastic giant cells and its expression in PCs gave evidence of a different proliferation rate of both cell populations. Different tissue-specific markers, a different proliferation rate, and a different state of oncogene activation in the osteoclastic giant cell tumors contribute to the idea that the tumor derives from a pluripotent cell that may differentiate into an array of phenotypes.

• MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• inhibitor p21 cyklin-dependentní kinasy analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 analýza   MeSH
• nádory obrovskobuněčné chemie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní chemie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• osteoklasty patologie   MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen Ki-67 MeSH
• CDKN1A protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• inhibitor p21 cyklin-dependentní kinasy MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH

The group of 35 carcinoid tumours obtained from 34 patients was reviewed according to recent histopathological criteria. Consequently, evaluation of the Grimelius staining and immunohistochemical detection of chromogranin A (CgA), Leu-7 (CD-57), synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), (beta-III tubulin, Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was performed. The majority of tumours (29, i.e. 83%) were classified as typical carcinoids composed predominantly of mixed solid and trabecular or solid and tubular growth patterns. Six tumours (17%) revealed more prominent cytological abnormalities corresponding with the diagnosis of atypical carcinoid. The majority of tumours (31, i.e. 93.9%) showed granular cytoplasmic positivity in Grimelius staining and diffuse cytoplasmic positivity of NSE (34, i.e. 97.1%). All of the 32 stained tumour samples showed positive immunoreactivity for synaptophysin. A high percentage of tumours (32, i.e. 91.4%) revealed also a positive reaction with antibody TU-20 detecting (beta-III tubulin, a marker of an early stage of neuronal differentiation. Thirty-four tumours (97.1%) showed granular cytoplasmic positivity for both markers of neuroendocrine granules (CgA and Leu-7). One tumour (2.9%) was positive only for Leu-7. Tumour cells revealed predominantly low proliferative activity evaluated by PCNA and Ki-67 immunodetection. Higher degree of proliferation was observed especially in atypical carcinoids.

• MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 analýza   MeSH
• antigeny CD57 analýza   MeSH
• chromogranin A MeSH
• chromograniny analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fosfopyruváthydratasa analýza   MeSH
• gastrointestinální nádory chemie   diagnóza   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• karcinoid chemie   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• synaptofysin analýza   MeSH
• tubulin analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen Ki-67 MeSH
• antigeny CD57 MeSH
• chromogranin A MeSH
• chromograniny MeSH
• fosfopyruváthydratasa MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH
• synaptofysin MeSH
• tubulin MeSH

The proliferative activity in the subependymal layer of lateral brain ventricles in adulthood is known. We were interested in the reaction of this layer to ibotenic acid lesions, which simulate neurodegenerative processes in Huntington's disease. Animals with a unilateral ibotenic acid lesion were compared with sham-lesioned animals and control animals with intact brains at 5 and 13 weeks after surgery. Five weeks after surgery, increased proliferation was found in most GFAP-positive astrocytes and to a lesser extent in CNPase-positive oligodendrocytes in comparison with controls. Interestingly, a slight increase in proliferation was found as well in the contralateral non-lesioned hemispheres. Moderate elevation of cell proliferation was found after induction of sham-lesions as well. The intensity of the reaction in the subependymal layer decreased in the following 8 weeks. Only a few scattered cells that originated from the subependymal layer had migrated over a short distance to adjacent brain tissue. We conclude that the reaction of the subependymal layer is (a) non-specific, as it is a response to any type of lesion, and (b) slowly decreases in time.

• MeSH
• 2',3'-cyklické nukleotidfosfodiesterasy analýza   MeSH
• agonisté excitačních aminokyselin toxicita   MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 analýza   MeSH
• astrocyty chemie   účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• bromodeoxyuridin analýza   MeSH
• ependym chemie   účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• gliový fibrilární kyselý protein analýza   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina ibotenová toxicita   MeSH
• oligodendroglie chemie   účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• potkani Long-Evans MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• ventriculi laterales chemie   účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2',3'-cyklické nukleotidfosfodiesterasy MeSH
• agonisté excitačních aminokyselin MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 MeSH
• bromodeoxyuridin MeSH
• gliový fibrilární kyselý protein MeSH
• kyselina ibotenová MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH

The aim of this study was to investigate early histological and stereological changes in enterocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells, serotonin- and somatostatin-secreting cells in colon mucosa the first day after the end of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For experimental model 20 Beagle dogs were used. Ten dogs were given platinol every 5 days over 20 days and they were irradiated 20 days with 32 Gy (every second day with a fractional dose of 3.2 Gy) onto the whole pelvis and tail. Another 10 dogs represented a control group. For detection of apoptosis the TUNEL technique was used, whereas immunohistochemical methods were performed for detection of somatostatin- and serotonin-secreting cells, and for proliferating cell nuclear antigen in epithelial cells. The volume density of enterocytes in apoptosis was increased, and Vv of paracrine cells (mast cells, somatostatin and serotonin positive cells) was significantly increased in the treated group compared to the control group. In the treated group a significantly lower Vv of lymphocytes and PCNA-positive enterocytes was shown compared to the control group. The results of our experiments showed that combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused loss of enterocytes and lymphocytes early after the therapy. It was associated with an increased volume density of paracrine cells. These morphological changes in the colon mucosa might be the earliest changes leading to disruption of the mucosal barrier, malabsoption syndrome, stenosis, inflammation and other complications resulting from the radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

• MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• buněčné jádro účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• cisplatina farmakologie   MeSH
• enterocyty cytologie   účinky léků   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kolon cytologie   účinky léků   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• koncové značení zlomů DNA in situ MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• serotonin analýza   MeSH
• somatostatin analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cisplatina MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH
• serotonin MeSH
• somatostatin MeSH

• MeSH
• apoptóza genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• koncové značení zlomů DNA in situ MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myokard chemie   MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 analýza   MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 analýza   MeSH
• regulační geny MeSH
• srdce embryologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 MeSH

• MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 analýza   MeSH
• apoptóza * MeSH
• buněčné dělení MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mícha cytologie   embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra analýza   MeSH
• protein X asociovaný s bcl-2 MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 analýza   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• spinální ganglia cytologie   embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen Ki-67 MeSH
• proliferační antigen buněčného jádra MeSH
• protein X asociovaný s bcl-2 MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny MeSH